「１級リスニングテスト」 原稿

ただいまから，1 級リスニングテストを行います。これからお話しすることについて質問
は受けませんので，よく注意して聞いてください。 このテストでは，テストの方法と注意事
項がすべて英語で放送されます。

The listening test for the Grade 1 examination is about to begin. Listen carefully to the
directions. You will not be permitted to ask questions during the test.
This test has four parts. All of the questions in these four parts are multiple-choice
questions. For each question, choose the best answer from among the four choices written in
your test booklet. On your answer sheet, find the number of the question and mark your
answer. You are permitted to take notes for every part of this listening test.
Now, here are the directions for Part 1. In this part, you will hear 10 dialogues, No. 1
through No. 10. Each dialogue will be followed by one question. For each question, you will
have 10 seconds to choose the best answer and mark your answer on your answer sheet. The
dialogue and the question will be given only once. Now, we will begin the Grade 1 listening
test.
（★=男性 A ★★=男性 B ☆=女性 A ☆☆=女性 B）

★No. 1
☆☆: I’m surprised to see you eating lunch in the cafeteria, Tatsuo.
★★: Yeah, I usually prefer to get away from the office, but I’m preparing for the company’s
stock exchange listing.
☆☆: Oh right, that’s pretty exciting. It’s going to mean big things for the company. It’s
scheduled for next year, right?
★★: That was the plan, but listing requirements have become stricter of late. With the global
slowdown, it’s more difficult to list. I’ve gotten even busier.
☆☆: Well, I hope it doesn’t take too much out of you.
★Question: What does the man say?

★★No. 2
★: Mr. Lang isn’t going to be happy when he finds this mistake in our data.
☆: Yeah, but I don’t think he’ll overreact. He’s usually pretty considerate.
★: Sure, but remember the last time we messed things up?
☆: Yeah, but this time it’s nothing major. I’m sure he’ll cut us some slack.
★: I sure hope so. We were up all night on this.
★★Question: How does the woman predict the boss will react?

☆☆No. 3
☆: Mike, have you read this newsletter from Kate’s school?
★★: Not yet. Is there anything interesting?
☆: Well, it appears there’s a proposal to open a snack shop on the school grounds. I don’t like
the sound of that.
★★: Sounds convenient. But I know what you’re getting at. It’s related to the meeting last
semester about healthier school meals, right?
☆: Exactly. What’s the point of encouraging healthy eating habits if there’s a shop selling
junk food at school?

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★★: Well, we don’t know yet what control the school will have over it.
☆: True, but I’m not convinced it’ll be much.
☆☆Question: What is the woman concerned about?

☆No. 4
★: Your bicycle’s falling apart, Stella!
☆☆: I know it looks awful, Dave, but it works OK.
★: Why don’t you get another one?
☆☆: Well, my husband’s being transferred to Nevada next month. If I do buy a better one,
I’d rather wait until after we’ve moved.
★: Are you sure? I have a friend who wants to get rid of her bike. It’s like new, and she’s only
asking $50 for it.
☆☆: Really? OK, give me her number. I’d hate to pass up what could be a good deal.
☆Question: What do we learn about the woman?

★No. 5
★★: Hey, Chloe. Have you decided who you’re voting for in the upcoming election?
☆☆: Not yet. Neither candidate is very appealing. They’re just not offering any concrete
solutions to the country’s problems.
★★: I completely agree. But you know very well it’s not really about policies anymore.
Winning elections these days depends on how much funding a candidate has for campaigning
and TV ads.
☆☆: That’s true. It’s no wonder young people are so disillusioned with politics.
★★: Right. We need some candidates who’ll inspire the younger generation.
★Question: What is the man’s opinion?

★★No. 6
☆: Wayne, I just heard from our supplier. There was a production problem, and now they’re
really backed up. Our order of cell phone components won’t be ready until next week.
★: We can’t hold out that long. Do we have an alternative source?
☆: Terri contacted another supplier in New Jersey that can meet our specifications, but they
charge more.
★: We don’t have a choice. Let’s order the bare minimum to get through next week and hope
that our profit margin doesn’t suffer too much.
★★Question: What do these people decide to do?

☆☆No. 7
☆: Hey, take a look at this new sports car!
★★: Wow, it’s flashy. I wonder how many miles to the gallon it does?
☆: Well, it looks pretty fast, so it’s probably not too fuel-efficient.
★★: People are more concerned these days about environmental problems. I wonder if the
sports car’s days are numbered?
☆: I shouldn’t think the market will fall flat just yet.
★★: Why do you say that?
☆: Well, there are plenty of people who would never consider environmental factors when
buying a car.
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★★: That’s true, but perhaps they should.
☆☆Question: What does the man think about sports cars?

☆No. 8
☆☆: Hi James. I’d like to talk about next year’s contract.
★: Actually, Minnie, so would I. I’ve been doing freelance work here for three years now,
and I think I’m due a raise.
☆☆: Well, James, we certainly regard your contribution here as indispensable. Nevertheless,
with the current economic situation, a raise just isn’t feasible.
★: Considering all the work I’ve done, that’s a bit disappointing.
☆☆: But we’re all in the same boat, James. We would like to renew your contract, though.
☆Question: What does Minnie tell James?

★No. 9
☆: Steven, could I have a word?
★★: Sure, Amy. Is everything OK?
☆: Not really. As you may have heard, our IT and product development manager in Germany
has been hospitalized after suffering a heart attack.
★★: I had no idea. That’s terrible.
☆: Yeah. Her husband and young daughters are having a rough time right now. . . . The thing
is, we’re very short on managerial staff over there.
★★: Hold up. If you’re about to suggest what I think you are . . .
☆: But you’d be a great fit, Steven, and you’re fluent in German, too, right?
★★: That’s true, but how about asking Damian Spears? He has plenty of European
experience and a strong background in IT products.
☆: But Damian’s not in your league yet.
★★: I’m not so sure about that. Anyway, you know I’ve just got my kids settled into school
here after returning from Singapore. And my wife has just landed a part-time job as a lecturer
at the local university.
☆: Would you consider just heading over there for the interim, until we can find someone
else? I’d definitely be able to get you a raise, too.
★★: Amy, I know that there are important contracts on the line over there, but family is my
top priority these days.
☆: OK. I’ll sound Damian out.
★★: I’d appreciate that. Thanks.
★Question: What do we learn about Steven?

★★No. 10
☆: OK, guys. So what do you think about my two proposals to increase the overall number of
visitors to the zoo? Jan?
☆☆: Well, the reptile house does need to be expanded and renovated. It’s become one of the
most popular exhibits, but it’s fairly cramped. We had some complaints over the summer, and
I wouldn’t want that to negatively affect the repeat visitor rate.
★: Good point, but expanding it would actually cost more than the other proposal to improve
the lion and elephant enclosures by adding more greenery.
☆: So you prefer that option then, Matt?

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★: Well, I’ve been doing some research online, and zoos face a lot of public criticism for the
conditions in which they keep large animals.
☆☆: But we actually treat our animals very well, and our enclosures are not particularly
small. Quite the opposite, in fact.
★: True, but if people have the impression that our animals live in unnatural conditions, that’s
really bad for PR, and ultimately, visitor numbers. So I vote for making environmental
changes to those enclosures.
☆: OK. Jan, what about you?
☆☆: All right, but I hope we can do something about the reptile house in the future. Perhaps
we could also place a limit on the number of people allowed to enter at any one time?
☆: Maybe, but let’s focus on the other project first. Thanks, guys.
★★Question: What have these people decided to do?

Here are the directions for Part 2. In this part, you will hear five passages, (A) through
(E). Each passage will be followed by two questions, No. 11 through No. 20. For each
question, you will have 10 seconds to choose the best answer and mark your answer on your
answer sheet. The passage and the questions will be given only once. Now, let’s begin.

☆☆(A) Muzak
Today, the term “Muzak” usually refers to background music designed to relax people
in elevators or encourage customers to spend more time—and money—in stores. When
Muzak was first created in the 1930s, however, it had a different purpose. The company that
created Muzak claimed it could be used to boost workers’ morale and productivity. However,
one company executive admitted it was not always possible to achieve both. After witnessing
factory workers clapping and singing along to Muzak, he commented that “once people start
listening, they stop working.”
The company later invented what it called “stimulus progression” music to tackle this
issue. This consisted of instrumental music that gradually increased in volume and tempo over
15 minutes, followed by 15 minutes of silence, and then a new musical sequence. The
company claimed that this would make employees work harder. Later research backed up
these claims, showing that productivity increased by 9 percent. However, stimulus
progression music began to lose popularity in the 1950s, but not because of doubts about its
effectiveness. Rather, there was a growing sense among the public that it was a form of
brainwashing. These days, stimulus progression music is rarely, if ever, used.
★Questions
★No. 11 What did one company executive believe?
★No. 12 Why did stimulus progression music become less popular?

★★(B) A Management Experiment

Many business schools promote the use of mathematical formulas to help managers
maximize profits. But this approach often fails to consider the societal impact of business
decisions. In a study at Israel’s University of Tel Aviv, participants were divided into two
groups and told to boost profitability at an imaginary company by deciding how many
employees to fire. The first group had to decide based only on a mathematical formula for
maximizing profit. The second group of participants was presented with a list of named
employees and then shown how much profits would rise for every worker fired. The results
showed that the second group fired only half the number of workers as the first group.
Mentioning the names of the people involved reminded them of the human cost of layoffs.

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 Some experts believe the study illustrates the danger of teaching management strictly
as a science. Although firing workers is not necessarily immoral, current management
methods mean businesspeople tend to avoid considering human costs. Presently, business
ethics is taught as a separate course at most business schools. Instead, the experts say, it
should be taught in all classes, including those such as accounting and financial strategy,
where scientific methods are currently prioritized.
☆Questions
☆No. 13 In the University of Tel Aviv study, what factor had the greatest impact on
participants’ decisions?
☆No. 14 What do some experts recommend that business schools do?

☆(C) The Wildlife of Yellowstone

Long regarded as a harmful predator, the gray wolf was eliminated from Yellowstone
National Park in the United States in the 1920s. Subsequently, however, it became clear that
this had upset the balance of nature. In the absence of the wolves, Yellowstone’s elk herds
grew rapidly, and they consumed a huge amount of plants, causing a large drop in berry
production. In late summer, when grizzly bears are looking to gain weight before the winter,
berries form a key part of their diet. So, in the 1990s, researchers began to reintroduce the
wolves. Now that wolves are once again preying on elk, berry-producing plants have
recovered, and bears also seem to be benefiting.
However, some experts now worry that lower elk numbers could have negative
long-term effects on grizzly bears. According to Professor Arthur Middleton, young elk can
be an important source of food for bears in the spring. Any decline in elk could therefore pose
a threat in the future. Middleton urges those involved in wildlife conservation at the park, and
elsewhere, to consider the effect on the whole ecosystem over time before conducting future
interventions.
★★Questions
★★No. 15 What happened after wolves were eliminated from Yellowstone?
★★No. 16 What is one thing that concerns Arthur Middleton?

★(D) Puzzles of Poverty

In 2013, economics professor Anandi Mani set out to study the reasons behind
seemingly irrational decisions made by some poor Indian sugarcane farmers. Those farmers
failed to do things that were in their best interest, like weeding their fields or mending fences.
Mani’s study indicates that the stress of living in poverty may cause people to make irrational
decisions. IQ tests taken before and after harvesttime indicated that the farmers’ IQs were
significantly lower before they gathered their crops. Before the harvest, money is extremely
tight, and farmers face enormous financial pressures. After selling their harvest, the farmers
had a little more money, and their scores on intelligence tests increased.
This research may have important implications for policymakers and NGOs trying to
help people escape from poverty. Mani has suggested that even educational seminars, for
example, can potentially put a strain on people’s mental abilities. For this reason, she
recommends that such seminars be timed so that farmers can attend after their crops have
been gathered and sold. This way, it is hoped that they will have a better chance of
understanding and applying what they learn.
☆☆Questions
☆☆No. 17 What did the 2013 research indicate about the farmers?
☆☆No. 18 What does Anandi Mani say about educational seminars?

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 ☆☆(E) Employment in Scientific Fields
In American universities today, male researchers in the sciences significantly
outnumber female researchers. To determine whether gender bias when hiring was causing
this phenomenon, psychology professors Wendy Williams and Stephen Ceci sent surveys to
university faculty. They were asked to rank fictional job candidates based on short narratives
that were basically identical except for gender. The results showed that women were twice as
likely as men to be top-ranked candidates. This supported other studies indicating that women
had a better chance of getting positions, if they applied for them.
The problem then seems to be that women are more reluctant to apply for such jobs.
Why is this happening? Williams and Ceci believe it is due to a mistaken belief that their
applications will be rejected. Critics, however, argue that female undergraduates often give up
on science due to discrimination from their college professors. Additionally, female
academics earn less and trail behind males in promotion to senior positions. Even if gender
bias no longer significantly impacts direct employment rates for women in the sciences,
critics say the obstacles facing women within academia and society at large still need to be
addressed.
★★Questions
★★No. 19 What did the study by Wendy Williams and Stephen Ceci indicate?
★★No. 20 What is one thing that critics point out?

Here are the directions for Part 3. In this part, you will hear five passages, (F) through (J).
The passages represent real-life situations and may contain sound effects. Each passage will
have one question, No. 21 through No. 25. Before each passage, you will have 10 seconds to
read the situation and question written in your test booklet. After you hear the passage, you
will have 10 seconds to choose the best answer and mark your answer on your answer sheet.
The passage will be given only once. Now, let’s begin.

☆(F) You have 10 seconds to read the situation and Question No. 21.
★Thanks for coming today! Our community center needs volunteers in several areas. Our
daily meal delivery to housebound seniors is a big part of our work. Volunteer drivers must
commit to three days per week and give us a copy of their valid driver’s license. A lot of the
seniors we help have pets, so we also need dog walkers. We’re especially looking for
someone who can commit to at least one weekend morning per week. E-mail the coordinator,
Janet, to schedule an orientation regarding that. Her address is in the info pack I gave you.
Volunteering at the public library on weekdays is always popular because of the flexible
schedule. For this reason, we are taking in first-time volunteers only this time. The application
form for library volunteers is available on the library’s website. Also, you’ll need to complete
a registration form if this is your first time volunteering.
☆Now mark your answer on your answer sheet.

★★(G) You have 10 seconds to read the situation and Question No. 22.
☆Welcome to Advanced Biology. I see we don’t have enough seats for all of you. Well, this
class is limited to 50 students, so I’ll have to be selective for those of you who still want to
join. If you got a score lower than 70 in the preparatory course, Introduction to Molecular
Biology, you must also get your academic adviser to write a letter of recommendation, and
submit it to the office with the form. The letter should outline how this course would be
beneficial to your study plan. For the rest of you, if you’ve not formally registered, you’ll
need to fill in an online permission form to take this class. You can find that on the Registrar’s
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Office website. Now, I’ll pass out a syllabus for the course. On it, you’ll see that you’ll need
to submit three major papers. For more details about those, check out the class website.
★★Now mark your answer on your answer sheet.

☆☆(H) You have 10 seconds to read the situation and Question No. 23.
★★I have four different medications for you. Of course, we already started you on the
antibiotics, these orange capsules here. But you need to keep taking one a day from tomorrow
until you complete the course. It’s important to take them with food in the morning.
Remember, antibiotics can upset your stomach. If you’re feeling unwell, take just one of these
green tablets, and you should get fast relief. As far as painkillers are concerned, you were
given some strong ones after your operation, but now I’ll give you these yellow ones. They’re
medium-strength, so if you’re hurting, take one as necessary. Finally, these white tablets are
aspirin. They reduce swelling and help prevent blood clots. They may also keep you from
needing the stronger painkillers. Take one, three times a day with meals, until they’re gone.
☆☆Now mark your answer on your answer sheet.

★(I) You have 10 seconds to read the situation and Question No. 24.
☆☆This is Jake’s Rentals returning your call. We have several rental options. The most
reasonable option is a utility trailer that we’d attach to your car. They’re 6 by 12 feet, and cost
$90 a day. Alternatively, you could actually rent a vehicle. We have a 9-foot cargo van, which
is $110 a day with unlimited mileage. That’s mainly for things that can be boxed, like clothes
and books. Bigger things like furniture won’t fit. For that sort of stuff, you would at least need
a 12-foot light truck. They’re $140 a day with mileage included. If you have a commercial
truck license, the 26-footer is on special for $190 with mileage included. Finally, I have guys
who will bring a truck around and get it done for $200. Let me know what you want to do.
Thanks.
★Now mark your answer on your answer sheet.

☆(J) You have 10 seconds to read the situation and Question No. 25.
★Hi. Sorry to ask you to do this during your time off, but there’s a translated pamphlet that
we’re sending for the printing of its first draft at 5 p.m. today—that’s Thursday. I just found
out it was translated by the newest member of our staff, so I would like you to give it a check
just in case. I’ve sent copies of the original and the English translation to your e-mail. If
you’re able to send it back to me before the deadline today, you can correct the file directly. If
you can’t send it by 5, we can make changes to the draft when it comes on Friday. In that case,
I’ll e-mail you a copy of the draft then. You can mark up any suggested corrections, and
e-mail it back to me by Monday morning. Thanks in advance.
☆Now mark your answer on your answer sheet.

Finally, here are the directions for Part 4. In this part, you will hear an interview. The
interview will be followed by two questions, No. 26 and No. 27. For each question, you will
have 10 seconds to choose the best answer and mark your answer on your answer sheet. The
interview and the questions will be given only once.

★★Now, let’s listen to the interview. This is an interview with Rachel Lines, who used to
work for a newspaper.

Interviewer (I): Rachel, thanks so much for joining me.

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Rachel Lines (RL): Great to be here.
I: Now, you used to be an editor, right?
RL: I would be involved in editing, proofreading, also laying out the pages and processing
photos, but my primary responsibility was being lead editor. Basically, it was down to me to
collate all the stories for each day’s paper. Some would, of course, come directly from
reporters, but the rest would come in from a subscription news service such as AP, AFP, and
Reuters. I then had to sift through three or four hundred, and choose which ones go on Page 1,
which ones would be shunted to the inside pages, and which ones would never see the light of
day.
I: So what was the biggest challenge of your job?
RL: Well, you had to be on the ball regarding current affairs, both domestic and global.
Imagine, for example, running a story that another paper had splashed across the front page
the day before, or not running a breaking news event. You also had to ensure that you didn’t
suddenly stop running a developing story that the paper had been following for a few days:
trust me, readers not only notice such things, they’ll tell you about it in no uncertain terms.
But since they are paying your salary, you have to take such criticism on the chin when it
happens.
I: And did this happen often?
RL: Only very occasionally, I’m relieved to say.
I: Glad to hear it. So what did you enjoy the most about the job?
RL: I don’t think the term “enjoy” is appropriate, but in terms of adrenaline, it was when a
really major event happened on your watch. Unfortunately, most big events in news terms
tend to be something negative, like a factory explosion, a terrorist attack, or a mass shooting.
Obviously, you wish such things would never happen. But, of course, they do. So, when they
happened in real time, you really had to work fast, collating all the latest updates, reworking
the front page, changing the layout in some cases, ensuring that all the staff were up to speed.
This was no easy task and would often demand constant coordination with the other editors.
On top of that, trying to report such news impartially was often tough. Some stories really tear
at the heartstrings, but in news reporting, you want to try and let the reader make up their own
minds. There is plenty of room for subjectivity in opinion pieces and editorials.
I: How has the information age affected the newspaper business?
RL: From the readers’ perspective, I think it’s had a detrimental effect on journalism. News
services, both print and online, are under so much pressure to fill space and stay ahead of the
pack they will accept poorly researched and poorly written pieces of pseudo-journalism. In
fact, they are more willing to turn a blind eye to the truth being stretched. In that sense, it has
become harder for readers to distinguish fact from fiction. Recently, people have become
more skeptical about what they read, and I don’t blame them.
I: Well, Rachel, that was a fascinating insight. Thank you.
RL: Thanks for inviting me.
★★Questions
★★No. 26 What is one thing that Rachel found especially challenging about her job?
★★No. 27 How does Rachel feel about the effects of the information age?

Your time is up. Stop writing and wait quietly until the answer sheets have been collected.

では、時間です。筆記用具を置いて答えの記入をやめてください。これにて試験終了となり
ます。公正なる試験実施にご協力いただきありがとうございました。質問がある方は、ただ
ちに試験監督者にお申し出ください。
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試験監督者に連絡いたします。これより最終の受験者数を確認してください。その後、解答
用紙を回収し枚数の確認を行ってください。なお、問題冊子は回収しません。受験者数と解
答用紙の枚数の一致を確認してから、解散の指示を出してください。
受験者の皆さんは、身のまわりをよく点検し、忘れものがないように注意してください。受
験者の皆さんが退室するときは、別の教室が試験中の場合もありますので、声を出さず、会
場出口まで静かに退出してください。それでは、解散の指示を出すまで静かにお待ちくださ
い。

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