TUGAS BAHASA INGGRIS

JAPAN

KOREA

DISUSUN OLEH : BERNADETHA

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ART OF JAPAN
Jōmon art

Statuette with Snow Glasses, Jōmon Era

The first settlers of Japan, the Jōmon people (c 11000?–c 300 BC), named for the cord markings
that decorated the surfaces of their clay vessels, were nomadic hunter-gatherers who later
practiced organized farming and built cities with population of hundreds if not thousands. They
built simple houses of wood and thatch set into shallow earthen pits to provide warmth from the
soil. They crafted lavishly decorated pottery storage vessels, clay figurines called dogu, and
crystal jewels.

KESIMPULAN :

Kesenian jomon adalah kesenian dalam pembuatan patung yang dibuat dengan bahan tanah liat.
Patung” tersebut bisa di sebut dogu dan Kristal permata . patung” tersebut di buat oleh orang
Jomon . sehingga kesenian ini disebut kesenia Jomon .

Heian art
Byōdōin Phoenix Hall, Uji, Kyoto

Panel from pictorial scroll of the Tale of Genji, 1130

Nageire-dō, Tottori, 11th century

Pagoda in wayō (和様, "Japanese") style, Ichijō-ji, Kasai, Hyōgo

In 794 the capital of Japan was officially transferred to Heian-kyō (present-day Kyoto), where it
remained until 1868. The term Heian period refers to the years between 794 and 1185, when the
Kamakura shogunate was established at the end of the Genpei War. The period is further divided
into the early Heian and the late Heian, or Fujiwara era, the pivotal date being 894, the year
imperial embassies to China were officially discontinued.

Early Heian art: In reaction to the growing wealth and power of organized Buddhism in Nara,
the priest Kūkai (best known by his posthumous title Kōbō Daishi, 774-835) journeyed to China
to study Shingon, a form of Vajrayana Buddhism, which he introduced into Japan in 806. At the
core of Shingon worship are mandalas, diagrams of the spiritual universe, which then began to
influence temple design. Japanese Buddhist architecture also adopted the stupa, originally an
Indian architectural form, in its Chinese-style pagoda.

The temples erected for this new sect were built in the mountains, far away from the Court and
the laity in the capital. The irregular topography of these sites forced Japanese architects to
rethink the problems of temple construction, and in so doing to choose more indigenous elements
of design. Cypress-bark roofs replaced those of ceramic tile, wood planks were used instead of
earthen floors, and a separate worship area for the laity was added in front of the main sanctuary.

The temple that best reflects the spirit of early Heian Shingon temples is the Murō-ji (early 9th
century), set deep in a stand of cypress trees on a mountain southeast of Nara. The wooden
image (also early 9th c.) of Shakyamuni, the "historic" Buddha, enshrined in a secondary
building at the Murō-ji, is typical of the early Heian sculpture, with its ponderous body, covered
by thick drapery folds carved in the hompa-shiki (rolling-wave) style, and its austere, withdrawn
facial expression.

Kesimpulan : Kesenian Heihan adalah kesenian yang menggambarkan tentang kerohanian jepang
yang sangat menarik dan penuh dengan karakteristik agama budha . kesenian ini di torehkan
dengan pembuatan candi . stupa . pagoda . dengan banyak patung yang bercirikan dengan tubuh
lamban yang ditutupi dengan kain tebal , lipatan di ukir dengan banyak gaya yang keras .

ART OF KOREA
Goryeo Dynasty art
Avalokiteshvara painting from the Korean Goryeo Dynasty, 1310 CE.

The Goryeo Dynasty lasted from 935 CE to 1392. The most famous art produced by Goryeo
artisans was Korean celadon pottery which was produced from circa 1050 CE to 1250 CE. While
celadon originated in China, Korean potters created their own unique style of pottery that was so
valued that the Chinese considered it “first under heaven” and one of the “twelve best things in
the world.”

The Korean celadon had a unique glaze known as “king-fisher” color, an iron based blue-green
glaze created by reducing oxygen in the kiln. Korean celadon displayed organic shapes and free-
flowing style, such as pieces that were made to look like fish, melons, and other animals.
Koreans invented an inlaid technique known as sanggam, where potters would engrave semi-
dried pottery with designs and place materials within the decorations with black or white clay.

KESIMPULAN :

Seni Dinasti Goryeo adalah seni yang paling terkenal di Korea . seni ini dihasilkan leh pengrajin
Korea . Korea celadon ditampilkan bentuk-bentuk organik dan bebas-gaya mengalir, seperti
potongan-potongan yang dibuat agar terlihat seperti ikan, melon, dan hewan lainnya

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