OWO300050 WCDMA Abnormal Interference Problem Analysis ISSUE 1.00

WCDMA Abnormal Interference Problem Analysis P-1
Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission




 The most important part is how to locate the interference.


 RTWP
 The reference point for the measurement shall be the Rx antenna connector.
 In case of receiver diversity the reported value shall be linear average of the power
in the diversity branches.
 RTWP will be increased by UL interference.

 RSSI
 The reference point for the measurement shall be the antenna connector of the UE.
 If receiver diversity is in use by the UE, the measured RSSI value shall not be lower
than the corresponding RSSI of any of the individual receive antenna branches.
 RSSI will be increased by DL interference.
 RSCP
 The reference point for the RSCP shall be the antenna connector of the UE
 If Tx diversity is applied on the Primary CPICH the received code power from each
antenna shall be separately measured and summed together in [W] to a total
received code power on the Primary CPICH
 If receiver diversity is in use by the UE, the measured CPICH RSCP value shall not be
lower than the corresponding CPICH RSCP of any of the individual receive antenna
branches.
 RSCP will not be effected by interference, but RSCP effects Ec/No, it’s introduced in
next page.

 If Tx diversity is applied on the Primary CPICH the received energy per chip (Ec) from each
antenna shall be separately measured and summed together in [Ws] to a total received
chip energy per chip on the Primary CPICH, before calculating the Ec/No. If receiver
diversity is in use by the UE the measured CPICH Ec/No value shall not be lower than the
corresponding CPICH RSCPi/ RSSIi of receive antenna branch i.
 CPICH Ec/No will be effected by interference.

 The BLER estimation shall be based on evaluating the CRC of each transport block
associated with the measured transport channel after RL combination.
 BLER will be increased by interference.
 SIR = RSCP/ISCP of UL DPCCH  SF, SIR means the Eb/No of DPCCH after despreading.
 SF brings the processing gain
Eb / No
 PG 
Ec / No
 SIR will be decreased by interference.

 The best method for finding uplink interference is observing the average RTWP among
network operation indexes. Normally the unloaded network RTWP is about -105.5 dBm.
 If the average RTWP of some cells reaches about -95 dBm, 10 dB higher than that
of unloaded network, the cell encounters uplink interference.
 If the average RTWP of some cells reaches about -85 dBm, 20 dB higher than that
of unloaded network, the cell encounters strong uplink interference.
 The downlink interference influence a small number of UEs and the areas affected by the
interference are scattered. A fixed interference source only influences a very small area and
it is eliminated only in specific situations (subscribers' complaints and influencing KPIs).

 The uplink interference can be divided into two parts. One is from the BTS of other system,
and the other is from the mobile phone of other system. Generally speaking, the first one
is more serious, because the transmission power of BTS is much more than that of UE, and
it may be very close between the BTS of inter-system. Especially, if the sites are co-located,
the isolation can’t meet the requirement, and then there may be uplink interference.

 The spurious emission interference of DCS BS in the band of 1920~1980MHz increases the
thermal noise of WCDMA.
 Notes: In this table, feeder loss of WCDMA and DCS 1800 systems is not considered,
which can actually serve as the extra isolation margin.

 As specified in the protocol, spurious emission of the DCS within WCDMA receiving band
is -30dBm/3MHz. However, this index of Huawei is less than -54dBm/3MHz based on
actual DCS indexes.

 Especially when the environment is complex and there are many metal blockings on the
platform, the intermodulation will be very strong. Otherwise, the antennas, combiners,
power splitters, filters are flawy, after the signals travel through these equipments, the
intermodulation occurs. The third order intermodulation (2f1-f2 and 2f2-f1) and fifth order
intermodulation are very common and serious to the system.


 Some interference is instantaneous, unabiding, has no more effect to WCDMA system;

some others are long-playing, continuous, will affect WCDMA system heavily, so we need
to eliminate them or depress their effect.



 Our course is introduced by this process.

 Finding interference: how to find interference by Huawei OM software
 Collecting data and confirm interference: how to confirm interference by collected

data
 Interference judgement: whether it’s internal or external interference
 The interference which is not external interference is internal interference,

so it follows the internal interference processing procedures. Locating
external interference takes more effort and time than locating internal
interference. Therefore, if the interference is not confirmed to be internal
interference, it must be rechecked


 The best method for finding uplink interferences is observing the average RTWP among
network operation indexes
 Normally the unloaded network RTWP is about –105.5 dBm
 If the average RTWP of some cells reaches about –95 dBm, 10 dB higher than that
of unloaded network, the cells encounters uplink interferences
 If the average RTWP of some cells reaches about –85 dBm, 20 dB higher than that
of unloaded network, the cells encounters strong uplink interferences

 The maximum RTWP is recommend as a reference for judgment only, because it might be
caused by an access peak or even is related to UE algorithm and performance. Therefore,
you need not pay special attention to it.
 The average RTWP of cell 40661 is –104.36 dBm, needless of attention.
 The average RTWP of cell 48602 reaches –94.89 dBm, so you must pay attention to the
cell.
 The average RTWP of cell 58143 reaches –82.79 dBm, the cell strongly interfered, so you
must pay special attention to the cell.

 The cells with VIP, with high traffic, and the cells affect the entire network KPIs more
should be processed first.

 To confirm interference, and determine the interference strength and types of consequent
interference, you should collect the following data:
 The RTWP data for 7 (days, at least 3 days) x 24 (hours) of cells to be located
 The RTWP data for 7 (days, at least 3 days) x 24 (hours) of cells adjacent to the cell
to be located
 The standard deviation of difference between main and diversity antennas RTWP
shows the correlation between two antennas.



 The inter-modulation interference which takes a high ratio in internal interference features
typically as below:
 The RTWP of main and diversity is usually irrelevant. If the RTWP is relevant, there
must be special causes, such as the main and diversity are combined at some point.
 The interference is related to traffic. The interference occurs less probably when
traffic is lower.
 The RTWP fluctuates sharply, as great as about 10 dB, or even greater than 10 dB.
 The interference will last for a period, without mutational change, which is
different from that of external interference.
 In terms of time feature of RTWP, the RTWP changes irregularly.
 The intermodulation usually meets one or more of the previous five features. If the five
features are all met, it must be intermodulation.

 The interference which is not external interference is internal interference, so it follows the
internal interference processing procedures. Locating external interference takes more
effort and time than locating internal interference. Therefore, if the interference is not
confirmed to be internal interference, it must be rechecked.




 Frequency Resource of GSM System
Frequency Range Uplink Downlink

ARFCN
Spectrum (MHz) Frequency Value Frequency Value
890~915
P-GSM900 Fu(n)=890+0.2n 1≦n ≦ 124 Fd(n)=Fu(n)+45
935~960
880~915 Fu(n)=890+0.2n 0 ≦ n ≦ 124
E-GSM900 Fd(n)=Fu(n)+45
925~960 Fu(n)=890+0.2(n-1024) 975 ≦ n ≦ 1023
876~915 Fu(n)=890+0.2n 0 ≦ n ≦ 124
R-GSM900 921~960 Fd(n)=Fu(n)+45
Fu(n)=890+0.2(n-1024) 955 ≦ n ≦ 1023
1710~1785
DCS1800 Fu(n)=1710.2+0.2(n-512) 512 ≦ n ≦ 885 Fd(n)=Fu(n)+95
1805~1880
1850~1910
PCS1900 Fu(n)=1850.2+0.2(n-512) 512 ≦ n ≦ 810 Fd(n)=Fu(n)+80
1930~1990

 The RTWP changes as below:

 The main and diversity are irrelevant
 The RTWP fluctuates sharply
 The interference lasts for a period
 The RTWP changes irregularly in terms of time






 The multiple RF connection involves duplexer, feeder, and jumper connector.

 The multiple RF connection involves duplexer, feeder, and jumper connector.



 In the network,a 3G repeater close to the NodeB 501800 transmits a self-excitation signal
every hour approximately. Therefore the uplink in multiple cells is interfered. The uplink
interference varies according to the direction and the distance between the cell and the
repeater. However, it is clear that the uplink interference occurs every hour approximately.


 The main and diversity are relevant
 The interference influences multiple cells that are close to each other
 The interference is mutational
 The interference changes with a regular internal


 The interference influences multiple cells that are close to each other

 Solution:
 After adjustment of the repeater gain to 70 dB, the RTWP becomes normal.
 Conclusion:
 The RTWP variations feature the same as that of improperly configured gain of
repeater. Namely, the interference is strong and stable.

 The 3G antenna is interfered by a 2G repeater antenna another operator. The 3G antenna

uses space diversity. the 3G antenna is a diversity antenna and the main antenna is far
from 2G antenna.





 This uplink interference is probably due to air-conditioner compressor, but this cannot be confirmed due to property
restriction.







 Locating internal interference includes initial location and on-site location.

 RTWP variation when the diversity reception is not configured
 If the interference remains after the previous operations, you must locate interference on
site.

1. Start NodeB LMT and measure the realtime RTWP of the cell to be located. This allows
you to observe realtime RTWP variation after using consequent locating methods.
2. If a DCS network is combined to a WCDMA network, you must know the DCS carrier
features (the carriers on a channel, the channel number, and the channel where BCCH is)
and mark the BCCH channel.
3. If a DCS network is combined to a WCDMA network, you need adjust BCCH to the
channel where interference is located under assistance by the operator according to the
result of interference. The reason is that if BCCH does not use the problematic channel
(The GSM network might transmit signals in both channel, but the BCCH uses only one
channel)
4. Knock every RF connector gently on the channel (especially the connectors of jumper,
load, and antenna) and check the RTWP variation. If RTWP changes, the connector is
problematic. Tasks to improve project quality, such as fastening connectors and
reconnections, must be perform under cooperation of the operators' engineers. Ensure to
power off power amplifiers of corresponding cells before performing tasks to avoid
radiation injury.
5. When the connector are normal and interference is present, use YBT250, filter, and
directional antenna to check at WCDMA antenna whether interference signals are
received. In special situations, you must customize the filter according to the local
WCDMA receiver band and other radio network transmission frequency band). If YBT
cannot detect special interference, you need change the NodeB antenna and check
whether the interference is caused inside the antenna. If the interference still exists after
changing antennas, turn to judgment of interference types.
6. If interference signals are receives at the WCDMA antenna by using YBT250, filter, and
directional antenna, you can solve the problem by locating external interference.
7. If the interference cannot be located after repeated checks, solve it by judging
interference types. Stop on-site location and restore the original configurations.
 Locating internal interference includes initial location and on-site location.


 It is hard to know when the external interference appears or disappears, so detailed

preparations and analysis must be performed before on-site location. Otherwise, the on-
site location will be less efficient.


 Locate the direction of the interference source by cell antennas of multiple NodeBs. Draw
on a map, the crossing point of the direction of each antenna is the interference source.

 Start NodeB LMT and monitor realtime RTWP of the cell to be located for the features and
time when the external interference occurs.
 Check the environment of the antenna for metal blockings, antenna of other networks or
systems, the antenna distribution of other operators. Check the potential adjacent
blockings to signals.
 Measure the interference strength, direction, and frequency spectrum by using YBT250,
filter, and antenna.
 Find the rough location of the interference source.


 To use the variation of signal strength for interference location, you must know the
direction and approximate location of interference. Then move a omnidirectional antenna
to the interference and judge the location relationship between the omnidirectional
antenna and the interference. Finally fix the specific location of interference near the
interference source by using the directional antenna.








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WCDMA Abnormal Interference Problem Analysis P-1

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

 The most important part is how to locate the interference.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

 Some interference is instantaneous, unabiding, has no more effect to WCDMA system;

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

 Our course is introduced by this process.

 Collecting data and confirm interference: how to confirm interference by collected

 The interference which is not external interference is internal interference,

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

 Frequency Resource of GSM System

Frequency Range Uplink Downlink

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 The RTWP changes as below:

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

 The RTWP changes as below:

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

 The RTWP changes as below:

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

 The multiple RF connection involves duplexer, feeder, and jumper connector.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

 The multiple RF connection involves duplexer, feeder, and jumper connector.

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

 The RTWP changes as below:

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 The RTWP changes as below:

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Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission

 The 3G antenna is interfered by a 2G repeater antenna another operator. The 3G antenna

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 The RTWP changes as below:

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Confidential Information of Huawei. No Spreading Without Permission