A Micro Project On 2020-21

Solar system
BY

Under the Guidance of,

Mr.D.D.Borase.

Department of Computer Engineering,

Sau. Shantidevi Chavan Polytechnic,Bhoras

2020-2021

1|P a g e
Sau.Shantidevi Chavan Institute Polytechnic,Bhoras Chalisgaon-424101

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. Khatik Roshan Kayyum

Mr. Amrutkar Jagdish Sanjay

Mr. Pawar Tanmay Vikas

has successfully completed the micro Project on “SOLAR SYSTEM” under

my supervision in the partially fulfillment of diploma of engineering
(computer)of Sau.Shantidevi Chavan Institute Polytechnic,Bhoras.
Date:

Place:

Prof.D.D.Borase Prof.Y.K.Pardeshi Prof.D.A.Patil

Project Guide HOD PRINCIPAL

2|P a g e
 INDEX

Sr.no TOPIC PAGE.N

O
1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 4
2 ABSTRACT 5
3 INTRODUCTION 6
4 ORIGINS 8
5 SOLUTIONS 9
6 GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION 12

7 APPLICATIONS 14
8 CODING 15
9 IN POPULAR CULTURE 17
10 CONCLUSION 19
11 REFERENCE 20

3|P a g e
 Acknowledgement
We would take this opportunity to express my sincere thanks
and gratitude to my teacher Mr.D.D.Borase for his vital support
and guidance in completing this project.

We also express our gratitude to all the facility members,parents

and our fellow mates who have helped me in making this project
a success. We also thank our almighty God for his blessings
showed on me during this period.

Abstract
‘The Solar System’ investigates how long people have been aware of the
planets, when planets were first identified, when their distance from
Earth was first estimated, and how. What is a planet? How are planets
made? What are migrating planets? At what point did we realize that the
planets, including Earth, travel around the Sun? Who was Johannes
Kepler, and what is the significance of his three laws of planetary
motion? An overview is given of the Solar System, the Sun and the
planets. The importance of planets' satellites is explored and objects of
other types, such as asteroids, trans-Neptunian objects, and comets are
placed in context.

Introduction
The Solar System  is the gravitationally bound system of the Sun and
the objects that orbit it, either directly or indirectly. Of the objects that
orbit the Sun directly, the largest are the eight planets, with the
5|Page
remainder being smaller objects, the dwarf planets and small Solar
System bodies. Of the objects that orbit the Sun indirectly—the natural
satellites—two are larger than the smallest planet, Mercury.
The Solar System formed 4.6 billion years ago from the gravitational
collapse of a giant interstellar molecular cloud. The vast majority of the
system's mass is in the Sun, with the majority of the remaining mass
contained in Jupiter. The four smaller inner planets,
Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars, are terrestrial planets, being primarily
composed of rock and metal. The four outer planets are giant planets,
being substantially more massive than the terrestrials. The two largest
planets, Jupiter and Saturn, are gas giants, being composed mainly
of hydrogen and helium; the two outermost
planets, Uranus and Neptune, are ice giants, being composed mostly of
substances with relatively high melting points compared with hydrogen
and helium, called volatiles, such as water, ammonia and methane. All
eight planets have almost circular orbits that lie within a nearly flat disc
called the ecliptic.
The Solar System also contains smaller objects. The asteroid belt, which
lies between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, mostly contains objects
composed, like the terrestrial planets, of rock and metal. Beyond
Neptune's orbit lie the Kuiper belt and scattered disc, which are
populations of trans-Neptunian objects composed mostly of ices, and
beyond them a newly discovered population of sednoids. Within these
populations, some objects are large enough to have rounded under their
own gravity, though there is considerable debate as to how many there
will prove to be. Such objects are categorized as dwarf planets. The only
certain dwarf planet is Pluto, with another trans-Neptunian object, Eris,
expected to be, and the asteroid Ceres at least close to being a dwarf
planet. In addition to these two regions, various other small-body
populations, including comets, centaurs and interplanetary dust clouds,
freely travel between regions. Six of the planets, the six largest possible
dwarf planets, and many of the smaller bodies are orbited by natural
satellites, usually termed "moons" after the Moon. Each of the outer
planets is encircled by planetary rings of dust and other small objects.

6|Page
The solar wind, a stream of charged particles flowing outwards from the
Sun, creates a bubble-like region in the interstellar medium known as
the heliosphere. The heliopause is the point at which pressure from the
solar wind is equal to the opposing pressure of the interstellar medium; it
extends out to the edge of the scattered disc. The Oort cloud, which is
thought to be the source for long-period comets, may also exist at a
distance roughly a thousand times further than the heliosphere. The
Solar System is located in the Orion Arm, 26,000 light-years from the
center of the Milky Way galaxy.

Solar System Model

The solar system refers to the gravitationally bound system that
revolves around the sun directly or indirectly. Also, the solar
7|Page
system consists of eight planets. Besides, we refer to these eight
revolving bodies as a planet. Furthermore, the name of these
planets is Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus,
and Neptune.

How to Build a Solar System Model?

Building a solar system model is not a difficult task if you can
visualize it. Also, if you know inside your brain the size and
position relation of the planets. Besides, building a practical
model of the solar system is not possible but we can make a
correctly scaled model.

Furthermore, use a different size for reference to the planet and

sun. Like the sun would be around an 8- inch ball and earth would
be around the size of a peppercorn. In this situation, the entire
model would be around a diameter of 2.54 km. So, the question
that arises is how it makes it compatible with a science project.

SOLAR SYSTEM BUILD

1. Paint the display

8|Page
Lay a cardboard box in a way that the opening top side faces you.
Furthermore, the inside of the box either dark blue or black. In
addition, paint some stars and galaxies with white paint or with
glow in the dark paint for a more realistic effect.

2. Sort the foam balls

Sort the foam balls in four different sizes. The largest ball should
be the sun and the next largest ball should be Jupiter and Saturn,
after that Uranus and Neptune, and then Mercury Venus, Earth,
and Mars.

3. Paint the planets

Paints the balls using different colors like:

 Orange or yellow for the sun

 Brown for mercury
 Brownish-yellow for Venus, Saturn, and Jupiter
 Red for Mars
 And Blue for Earth, Neptune, and Uranus.
4. Cut the Asteroid belt and planetary rings
Out of poster board cut four rings. In addition, keep in mind that
they should be big enough to make the planetary rings of Jupiter,
Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Furthermore, cut another ring that
should be large enough to fit in between the orbits of Mars and
Jupiter (Asteroid belt).

9|Page
5. Glue up everything
Firstly, glue the planetary rings with their respective planets
(Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune). After that, glue the sun
and planets on the tips of straws. Furthermore, draw asteroids on
the asteroid belt with markers.

6. Cut strong thread and set it

Cut two strong thread pieces of the length and width of the box
opening. Furthermore, punch two holes with scissors in the center
of the top of the box. After that, drop each end of the thread from
opposite holes so that all ends fall to the same height. Lastly, tie
the knot at the ceiling of the display so they do not side around.

7. Put it all together

Glue each piece of the solar system in their respective places.
Also, place the sun in the center and from there move outward
and place each planet. Moreover, tie the ends of the fishing line to
the asteroid belt’s quarter points.

FEATURES
 The Sun is our nearest star.
 The planets orbit the Sun.
10 | P a g e
 The time taken to orbit the Sun increases with
distance from the Sun.
 Gravity keeps the planets in orbit around the Sun and the
moons in orbit around their planets.
 From the Sun, the order of the planets is Mercury, Venus,
Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. You might
need to be able to recall this in the exam.
 The planets go around the Sun in slightly squashed
circular elliptical orbits.
 Pluto is classified as a dwarf planet or planetoid. It has a
highly elliptical or eccentric orbit.

METHODS
In this project, there are 2 types of model that will be used to
illustrate the planet. The first model is a simple sphere which
represents the 3D shape for most of the planets. The second

11 | P a g e
model is a sphere with a circular ring surrounding the object. The
model is used on planets such as Neptune, Saturn, and Uranus.

For the object or model texture, the images are taken from the
internet [1]. The final 3D object is the end product of a modified
3D object that is extracted from the internet [2].

For the 3D objects, Blender Software used as the tool to modify

some of the mesh shapes. For the rest of the project to achieve
the end result, all the method is built by using the C++
programming language and various computer graphic libraries
such as OpenGL and Assimp. The installation for this project is
provided inside the README.md inside the code file.

Animate solar system using C graphics

 #include <stdio.h>
  #include <conio.h>
  #include <graphics.h>
  #include <dos.h>
  #include <math.h>
12 | P a g e
  /* manipulates the position of planets on the orbit */
  void planetMotion(int xrad, int yrad, int midx, int midy, int x[60], int y[60]) {
        int i, j = 0;

        /* positions of planets in their corresponding orbits */

        for (i = 360; i > 0; i = i - 6) {
                x[j] = midx - (xrad * cos((i * 3.14) / 180));
                y[j++] = midy - (yrad * sin((i * 3.14) / 180));
    }
        return;
 }

  int main() {
        /* request auto detection */
        int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, err;
        int i = 0, midx, midy;
        int xrad[9], yrad[9], x[9][60], y[9][60];
        int pos[9], planet[9], tmp;

        /* initialize graphic mode */

        initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "C:/TURBOC3/BGI");
        err = graphresult();

        if (err != grOk) {
                /* error occurred */
                printf("Graphics Error: %s",
                                grapherrormsg(err));
                return 0;
    }

        /* mid positions at x and y-axis */

        midx = getmaxx() / 2;
        midy = getmaxy() / 2;

        /* manipulating radius of all 9 planets */

        planet[0] = 7;
        for (i = 1; i < 9; i++) {
                planet[i] = planet[i - 1] + 1;
13 | P a g e
    }

        /* offset position for the planets on their corresponding orbit */

        for (i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
                pos[i] = i * 6;
    }

        /* orbits for all 9 planets */

        xrad[0] = 60, yrad[0] = 30;
        for (i = 1; i < 9; i++) {
                xrad[i] = xrad[i - 1] + 30;
                yrad[i] = yrad[i - 1] + 15;
    }

        /* positions of planets on their corresponding orbits */

        for (i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
                planetMotion(xrad[i], yrad[i], midx, midy, x[i], y[i]);
    }

        while (!kbhit()) {
                /* drawing 9 orbits */
                setcolor(WHITE);
                for (i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
                        ellipse(midx, midy, 0, 360, xrad[i], yrad[i]);
        }

                /* sun at the mid of the solar system */

                setcolor(YELLOW);
                setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, YELLOW);
                circle(midx, midy, 20);
                floodfill(midx, midy, YELLOW);

                /* mercury in first orbit */

                setcolor(CYAN);
                setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, CYAN);
                pieslice(x[0][pos[0]], y[0][pos[0]], 0, 360, planet[0]);

                /* venus in second orbit */

                setcolor(GREEN);
14 | P a g e
                setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, GREEN);
                pieslice(x[1][pos[1]], y[1][pos[1]], 0, 360, planet[1]);

                /* earth in third orbit */

                setcolor(BLUE);
                setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, BLUE);
                pieslice(x[2][pos[2]], y[2][pos[2]], 0, 360, planet[2]);

                /* mars in fourth orbit */

                setcolor(RED);
                setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, RED);
                pieslice(x[3][pos[3]], y[3][pos[3]], 0, 360, planet[3]);

                /* jupiter in fifth orbit */

                setcolor(BROWN);
                setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, BROWN);
                pieslice(x[4][pos[4]], y[4][pos[4]], 0, 360, planet[4]);

                /* saturn in sixth orbit */

                setcolor(LIGHTGRAY);
                setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, LIGHTGRAY);
                pieslice(x[5][pos[5]], y[5][pos[5]], 0, 360, planet[5]);

                /* uranus in sevth orbit */

                setcolor(BROWN);
                setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, BROWN);
                pieslice(x[6][pos[6]], y[6][pos[6]], 0, 360, planet[6]);

                /* neptune in eigth orbit */

                setcolor(LIGHTBLUE);
                setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, LIGHTBLUE);
                pieslice(x[7][pos[7]], y[7][pos[7]], 0, 360, planet[7]);

                /* pluto in ninth orbit */

                setcolor(LIGHTRED);
                setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, LIGHTRED);
                pieslice(x[8][pos[8]], y[8][pos[8]], 0, 360, planet[8]);

                /* checking for one complete rotation */

                for (i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
15 | P a g e
                        if (pos[i] <= 0) {
                                pos[i] = 59;
                        } else {
                                pos[i] = pos[i] - 1;
            }
        }

                /* sleep for 100 milliseconds */

                delay(100);

                /* clears graphic screen */

                cleardevice();
    }

        /* deallocate memory allocated for graphic screen */

        closegraph();
        return 0;
 }

OUTPUT

16 | P a g e
CONCLUSION

17 | P a g e
Students will prepare a roughly proportionate to-
scale model of the solar system and arrange the
planets in the correct order. They will work in small
groups with the supervision of a teacher. After they
complete the activity, they will learn about the size
ratio and order of the planets of the solar system.
They will also learn how to build simple physical
models using materials like clay, cotton, etc.

REFERENCES
 https://astroedu.iau.org/en/activities/1505/solar-system-

model/

18 | P a g e
 https://medium.com/@keynekassapa13/creating-the-

solar-system-opengl-and-c-9d4e4798d759

 http://see-programming.blogspot.com/2013/09/solar-

system-animation-using-c-graphics.html

 https://www.khanacademy.org/computer-

programming/the-solar-system/957249502

19 | P a g e