TR1333

TUTORIAL 1

W Logic; Logic equivalance relations

2
1 Assuming that p and r value are false and that q and s are true, find the truth value of each
proposition.
a) p → q
b) ¬ p → ¬ q
c) ¬ (p → q)
d) ( p → q ) ^ ( q → r )
e) (p → q ) → r
f) p → (q → r )
g) ( s → ( p^ ¬ r) ) ^ ( ( p → ( r ¿ q ) ) ^ s )
h) (( p ^ ¬ q ) → (q ^ r )) → ( s ¿ ¬ q )

2 Determine the truth value of each proposition.

a) If 3 + 5 < 2, then 1 + 3 = 4
b) If 3 + 5 < 2, then 1 + 3 ≠ 4
c) If 3 + 5 > 2, then 1 + 3 = 4
d) If 3 + 5 > 2, then 1 + 3 ≠ 4
e) 3 + 5 > 2 if and only if 1 + 3 = 4
f) 3 + 5 < 2 if and only if 1 + 3 = 4
g) 3 + 5 < 2 if and only if 1 + 3 ≠ 4
h) If the earth has six moons, then 1 < 3.
i) If 1 < 3, then the earth has six moons.

3 For each pair of propositions P and Q, state whether or not P ¿ Q.

a) P = p, Q = p ¿ q
b) P = p ^ q, Q = ¬ p ¿ ¬ q
c) P = p → q, Q = ¬ p ¿ q
d) P = p ^ (¬ q ¿ r), Q = p ¿ (q ^ ¬ r)
e) P = p ^ (q ¿ r), Q = (p ¿ q) ^ (p ¿ r)
f) P = p → q, Q = ¬ q → ¬ p
g) P = p → q, Q = p ↔ q
h) P = (p → q) ^ (q → r), Q = p → r
i) P = (p → q) →r, Q = p → (q → r)
j) P = (s → (p ^ ¬ r)) ^ (( p → (r ¿ q)) ^s), Q=p ¿ s

W Predicates & Quantifiers

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4 a) T1(x,y) is the propositional function “x is taller than y”. Write each proposition in words.
i. xy T1(x,y)
ii. xy T1(x,y)
iii. xy T1(x,y)
iv. xy T1(x,y)

b) Write the negation of each proposition in (a) in words and symbolically.

c) Tell whether each proposition in (a) is true or false if the domain of discourse is D x D
where D consists of three students: Gan, who is 5’ 11” tall; Erin, who is 5’ 6” tall; and
Man who is 6’ tall.
5 Let P(x) be the propositional function “x ≥ x²”. Tell whether each proposition is true or false.
The domain of discourse is R.
a) P(1)
b) P(2)
c) P(1/2)
d) x P(x)
e) Ǝx P(x)
f) ¬( x P(x))
g) ¬(Ǝx P(x))
h) x ¬P(x)
i) Ǝx¬P(x)

6 Let P(x,y) be the propositional function x  y. The domain of discourse is Z+ x Z+. Tell
whether each proposition is true or false. Then, give negation of each proposition.
a) xy P(x,y)
b) xy P(x,y)
c) xy P(x,y)
d) xy P(x,y)

W Proofs
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7 Formulate the arguments of Exercises 1-5 symbolically and determine whether each is valid.
Let
p: I study hard.
q: I get A’s.
r: I get rich.

a) If I study hard, then I get A’s.

I study hard.
∴ I get A’s.

b) If I study hard, then I get A’s.

If I don’t get rich, then I don’t get A’s.
∴ I get rich.

c) I study hard if and only if I get rich.

I get rich.
∴ I study hard

d) If I study hard or I get rich, then I get A’s.

I get A’s.
∴ If I don’t study hard, then I get rich.

e) If I study hard, then I get A’s or I get rich.

I don’t get A’s and I don’t get rich.
∴ I don’t study hard.

8 Give a direct proof of the following statements.

a) For all integers m and n, if m is odd and n is even, then m + n is odd.
b) For all rational numbers x and y, x + y is rational.

9 Use proof by contrapositive to show that for all x  R, if x2 is irrational, then x is irrational.
10 Use induction to prove statement.
11ⁿ - 6 is divisible by 5, for all n ≥ 1.