INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
ENGLISH LINGUISTICS
FINAL EXAMINATION
GLOBAL ENGLISHES
Date: ______16/6/2021_____________
Duration: 90 minutes
Student name: _Huynh Le Huong Kieu__________ Student ID: ____ENENIU18102________________________

ANSWER SHEET
Proctor 1: Proctor 2:

Instructions:
1. Answer ALL THREE questions below.
2. Your answer should be presented in paragraphs. 
3. Your answer should be about 250 words in length (+/- 20%) 
4. Your answer should be presented in an academic writing style 
5. Your answer should be relevant and concise
6. Your answer should use the terminology reflected in this, and other relevant courses (where applicable). 
7. Plagiarism will result in fail marks.

QUESTIONS:

1. Many scholars have tried to categorize how English is used throughout the world. Describe a
model that you think reflects most accurately how English is used in today’s time and explain
why you think so. Give relevant details and examples.

2. Some people think that English is linguistically superior to other languages. Why do you think
this idea persists and to what extent do you agree or disagree with it? Explain in detail and
where relevant, give specific examples.

3. The notion of Global Englishes has brought about some changes in English teaching and
learning in the world. Do you think the advantages of these changes outweigh the drawbacks?
Explain in detail and where relevant, give specific examples.

THIS IS THE END OF THE TEST

PLEASE TYPE YOUR ANSWER ON THE NEXT PAGE

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 ANSWERS

1)

The categorization in the way English is used over the world has been debated for decades. The
history has witnessed the advents of many models for how Eng is used. Personally, it is Kachru Model
that has easily categorized it.
The model of Kachru in 1985 has divided English speakers into three circles including Inner Circle
for speakers using English as the first language, Outer Circles for speakers using English as the second
language, and Expanding Circle for speakers using English as the first language. This division has easy
distinction in the way people use English. In some particular cases, according to the speakers’ certain
proficiency, people can know the way those speakers use English.
Moreover, we can easily recognize the influences and attitudes of English users to English.
Particularly, Inner Circles uses English for government’s functions and official communication. Outer
Circles uses English to serve the country’s functions and the last Circle for communication between
non-natives.
In conclusion, Kachru Model is most efficient model.
2) In 2017, Jenkins stated that the English is the primary lingua franca all over the world. As a result,
some people support the superiority of English over other languages due to its significant functions in
various areas.
There are six main roles of English toward the world that Crystal mentioned in her research in
2003. English has played important roles in historical, internal pollical, external economic, practical,
intellectual and entertainment factors. Moreover, the number of English speakers has increased
dramatically which reflect the wide spread of English nowadays.
In my viewpoint, the perspective of English’s superiority won’t be longer considered positively.
Considering the current occasion of globalization, people in both native and non-native countries has
been using English in intercultural environment. Therefore, the communicative function of English
has expanded to many different ethnic communities, cultures and markets.
Furthermore, those that are bilingual speakers learning English as a foreign language has
outnumbered its native people. (Matsuda, 2003). Those using English as a Lingua Franca for serving
their own non-native communication has applied English for many local contexts which are far from
and not relevant to native contexts.
In conclusion, this idea of English superiority resulted from its remarkable influences from the
past until now. Nevertheless, given that the change to intercultural communication has opposed to
that viewpoint.

3)
The concept of World Englishes has changed considerably the notion of teaching and learning
English around the world and has caused both certain advantages and considerable disadvantages.
What is World Englishes? It refers to the acceptance of different varieties of English that have
considerable distinctions toward what is perceived as the native English, for instance, that comes
from Inner Circle according to Kachru Model for English categorization. Responding to the above
interpretation about World Englishes, its advantages teaching and learning English should be
mentioned. There is a shift from using English in native communities to using it in global context.
Therefore, to serve the global communication purpose with accepting World Englishes, teachers have
raised students’ awareness about English uses word wide. Teachers let them know that they may use
English as a Lingua France with other non-native speakers in the future. Therefore, the
acknowledgement of non-natives as differences can keep teachers and students updated with English
changes.
However, the main disadvantage of this assumption is fluidity. There will be no consistent system
for assessment and evaluation, whether an error in that variety of English is an error or a new
concept. This leads to the difficulty in designing tests and evaluating English learning progress. The
codification process may take longer time because of some processes such as simplification which has
caused many new kinds of English concepts in one variety and another.

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 In the light of my mentioned viewpoints, the advantages and disadvantages of World Englishes
changes in teaching and learning have been significant considerations equally. Moreover, it has been
no controversial.
References:
1. Jenkins (2017). Global Englishes. A resource book for students.
2. Crytal (2003). The Cambridge..... Language.