PRESENTATION

ON

LIVE-LINE MAINTENANCE

Submitted by:-
NAME - GAURAV KUMAR
PROGRAMME - B.TECH EEE
 INDEX

 INTRODUCTION
 HISTORY
 BASIC TERMS USED
a) Barehand Technique
b) Conductive Clothing
c) Grounded
d) Hazard
e) Hotstick Technique
f) Job Supervisor
g) Min Approach Distance
h) Nonconductive Rope
i) Safety
j) Worker

 POSITIONING OF WORKERS
 WORKERS SWUNG
 DIFFERENT WAYS OF LINE MAINTENANCE
 GENERAL PRECAUTIONS
 REFERENCES
 INTRODUCTION

 The term live-line maintenance includes maintenance activities using the

hot stick or the bare hand technique.

Fig 1.1:- Hotstick technique Fig 1.2 :- Barehand technique

 Live-line maintenance is a procedural activity and does not include

such activities as switching, climbing inspection, conductor stringing.
 Maintenance activities performed on energized conductors or
equipment with a phase-to-phase voltage exceeding 600 volts by the
hotstick technique or 69 kV by the barehand technique.

Fig 1.3 :- Hotstick method Fig 1.4 :- Barehand method

In electrical engineering, live-line working is the maintenance of

electrical equipment, often operating at high voltage, while the
equipment is energized.
 HISTORY

 In 1916, a tool that was known as an “electrical hook” was introduced in

Atlanta. This was essentially a spring-type clamp for tapping energized circuits.

Fig 1.5 :- Electrical hook

In 1959, live-line tools with fiberglass poles were introduced. The fiberglass
consists of layers of resin coated glass fibers wound around and laid
lengthwise over a plastic foam core. It is highly resistant to moisture
absorption and damage and can maintain 345-kV, 500-kV, and 765-kV
transmission lines.
 Live-line tools were first accepted for work on lines up to 34 kV, but many linemen were
hesitant to perform operations on this voltage and because of fear so they switch to -

34kV

22kV

66kV

110kV

220kV
 BASIC TERMS USED

 Barehand Technique - Live-line work performed by placing the worker at

the same potential as the conductor.

 Conductive Clothing - Metallic protective clothing worn by electrical

workers.

Fig 1.6 :- Clothing

 Grounded - Connected to earth or to some conducting body that

serves in place of the earth.
 Hotstick Technique - Live-line work performed by a worker placed
at ground potential.

 Hazard -Anything which can potentially endanger

personnel and impair safe working conditions.

 Nonconductive Rope - A flexible rope of twisted or braided

synthetic polymer fibers maintained in a
clean dry condition for use in conjunction
with live-line maintenance.

Fig 1.7 :- Nonconducting rope

 Job Supervisor - Any person authorized to request, receive, and
release Clearances and Orders.

 Min Approach Distance - The minimum working distance from energized

conductors and equipment for personnel.

 Safety - The art of performing any activity in an

accident-free manner.

Fig 1.8 :- Safety Fig 1.9 :- Safety hook

 Worker - Any person authorized to inspect, service,
repair, or otherwise be in contact with
equipment.

Total 9 wears during high

voltage operation

Fig 1.10 :- Worker

 POSITIONING OF WORKERS

I
N
S
U
L
A
T
E
D

B
O
O
M

Where, DA = Distance between the worker envelope and uninsulated truck and insulated boom components
Fig 1.11 E = Worker envelope = 4 foot radius
D = Greater than or equal to the minimum electrical approach distance
 WORKERS SWUNG

I
N
S
U
L
A
T
E
D

L
A
D
D
E
R

Where, DT = Total minimum electrical approach distance with worker in the envelope.
E = Worker envelope = 4 foot radius
Fig 1.12 D = Greater than or equal to the minimum electrical approach distance
DIFFERENT WAYS OF LINE
MAINTENANCE

Fig 1.13 :- Helicopter mode

Fig 1.14 :- Swinging and climbing mode

 GENERAL PRECAUTIONS
Calculation of minimum approach distances should be taken into account.

Transmission systems are often fitted with coordinated protection devices

which are circuit breakers that automatically attempt to remake a circuit after
a fault.

An electric arc is extremely bright, including in the ultraviolet, and can
cause arc eye, a painful and potentially blinding condition. Workers may be
provided with appropriately tinted goggles that protect vision in the event of a
flash.

It is usually required that more than one worker be present on site when
working on live equipment above a specified voltage.

The work may be postponed if adverse weather conditions such as lightning

or rainfall.
 REFERENCES

ALL THE TOPICS ARE TAKEN FROM:-

1. Internet source