SHS

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1
Quarter 1 - Module 19
Toeing the Line in Research
Practical Research 1
Quarter 1 – Module 19– Toeing the Line in Research

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Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Hector B. Atondo

Editor: Renerio I. Balingbing
Illustrator: Jason C. Borabo
Layout Artist: Atty. Catherine B. Panti, Antonio L. Morada
Reviewers: Lany M. Abainza and MASBATE PROVINCE DIVISION
(headed by Helen V. Titong)
MODULE 19
Toeing the Line in Research
(Following Ethical Standards in Writing Related
Literature)
Hello! Teacher Jill is here again! Welcome back to our class.

In research, certain ideas may or may not come solely from you as a
researcher. More often than not, you borrow thoughts and concepts
from related literature to strengthen or back up your claim or
arguments. However, doing so isn’t that easy. This requires you to
follow certain rules which are called the ethical standards in writing
related literature. Specifically, in this module you’ll learn the do’s and
don’ts when writing related literature.

Objectives:

Specifically, after working on this module, you should be able to:

1. Acquaint oneself with the ethical standards in writing related literature.
2. Distinguish the ethical standards in writing related literature.
3. Follow the ethical standards in writing related literature

YOUR READINESS CHECK

TRUE or FALSE. Read the statements carefully then write T if the statement is true and
F if false in your notebook/answer sheet.

1. Writers may or may not include the source in the review of related literature.
2. Changing information taken from the original text It is allowed.
3. In writing literature, one must consider the type of language to be used.
4. Evaluation and analysis of the text’s meaning is required in writing related
literature.
5. Copying texts from the internet without proper citation is ethical.

How well did you do in your pretest corner?

Well, if you scored 4 or 5, this lesson may not be as much of
a challenge to you. However, you must not worry if you
scored 3 and below for we have a lot of activities in store for
you. But wait! Let’s first understand some new words you will
encounter in this module.

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 YOUR VOCABULARY BUILDER

Match the words in column A with their meaning in column B. Write the letter only in your
notebook/answer sheet.

COLUMN A COLUMN B
1. plagiarism A. making up something
2. ethics B. piece of writing
C. copying without the acknowledgment
3. fraud
of the source
4. citing D. rules of right or wrong
5. literature E. acknowledging the source

YOUR INITIAL TASK

Activity 1: BAROMETER CHECK

Below are situations students like you usually do when writing related literature. Put a
( ✔) in the box if the researcher followed the ethical standards in writing related literature
and an (X) if not. Write your answers in your notebook/answer sheet.

1. Rommel changed the figure in the

news article he copied as support to
his arguments.

2. Lila just copied a couple of

paragraphs in the page of the book
she read.

3. Jerso put the author’s name and the

year of publication inside the
parenthesis after the text he copied
from a book.

4. Reese used reporting verbs like

‘claims’ and ‘reveals’ when she
presented the gist of the text he read.

5. Rose used foul words in her

synthesis of some of the related
literature in her research.

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 YOUR GUIDE

ETHICS in REVIEWING LITERATURE

A literature review is a way to look at the past, to assess the body of literature,
to synthesize previous work, and to locate the gaps in order to prepare for the future
in directing the research process and formulating additional questions.

A general principle underlying ethical writing is the notion that the written work
of an author, be it a manuscript for a magazine or scientific journal, a research paper
submitted for a course or a grant proposal submitted to a funding agency, represents
an implicit contract between the author and the readers. According to this contract,
the reader assumes that the author is the sole originator of the written work, that any
text or ideas borrowed from others are clearly identified as such by established
scholarly conventions, and that the ideas conveyed therein are accurately
represented to the best of the authors abilities. In sum, as Kolin (2002) points out
“Ethical writing is clear, accurate,fair, and honest. Ethical writing is a reflection of
ethical practice.” (Roig, 2017)

The three important and relevant ethical issues to students who will be writing
related literature.

1. Plagiarism is a term used to describe a practice that involves knowingly taking

and suing another person’s work and claiming it, directly or indirectly as your
own (Neville, 2007)
Types of Plagiarism
A. Blatant plagiarism is an act in which the writer tries to deceive the teacher
or readers – either for grade or acclaim – into believing he or she is totally
responsible for or originator the content.
B. Technical plagiarism occurs when the writer is not trying to cheat or
deceive but fails to follow accepted methods of using and revealing
sources.
2. Language use is another ethical consideration in writing. A writer must avoid
racially-charged, sexist, offensive language and tendencies. In other words, it is
an ethical responsibility of the writer to be sensitive to the sensibilities of his
audience.

3. Fraud is fabricating data and results just to get over the course work or school
requirement. Hence, a researcher must observe the following to avoid fraud.
A. Honesty means being transparent avoiding falsifying or misinterpreting
data.
B. Objectivity is avoiding bias.
C. Integrity is acting with sincerity.
D. Carefulness is avoiding careless errors and negligence

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 Now that you learn about ethics in writing related literature,
get ready for more interesting tasks!

YOUR DISCOVERY TASKS

Activity 1: FIVE QUESTIONS!

Activity 1: POINTING THE ETHICAL MISTAKE

Read each line below. Then identify what ethical issues in writing related literature is
present. Choose PLAGIARISM, LANGUAGE USE, or FRAUD. Write your answers in your
notebook/answer sheet.

1. Cecile writes … …
Bullying is unwanted, aggressive behaviour among school aged children that
involves a real or perceived power imbalance.
____________________________________________________________

2. Joel writes… …
Man is often tempted by false promises of fulfilment.
____________________________________________________________

3. Jose writes … …
The blacks are more aggressive than the whites.
____________________________________________________________

4. Ruby writes … …
In 2015, the number of cases of teenage pregnancy in the country has risen.
This is associated with liquor intoxication, meet ups and chatting.
____________________________________________________________
5. Connie writes … …
“I shall return”, Lapu Lapu said.
____________________________________________________________

Activity 2. EXPLAINING ETHICS

Read the sample literature review below, and answer the questions that follow in your
notebook/answer sheet.
In 1961, Eckenhoff, Kneale, and Dripps described the phenomenon of emergence
agitation (EA), reporting signs of hyperexcitation in patients emerging from ether,
cyclopropane,or ketamine anesthesia. EA during recovery from general anesthesia has been
identified as a frequent problem in the pediatric population. In children, EA has been
described as a mentaldisturbance that consists of confusion, hallucinations, and delusions
manifested by moaning, restlessness, involuntary physical activity, and thrashing about in
bed (Sikich & Lerman, 2004).

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 The overall rate for EA in children is in the range of 10% to 67% (Aouad & Nasr,
2005), which includes a period of severe restlessness, disorientation, and/or inconsolable
crying during anesthesia emergence (Cole, Murray, McAllister, & Hirschberg, 2002).

1. How did the writer of the text ensure that he did not commit plagiarism?
_______________________________________________________
2. How can you tell that the writer is honest in the presentation of the
information in the text??
_______________________________________________________
3. What type of language was used?
_______________________________________________________

How’s your journey so far? Well, very good! Let’s proceed for
some more exciting tasks.

LET’S SUM IT UP

Here are some pointers to remember in writing related literature.

• Report findings with complete honesty.
• Do not misrepresent, misinform, mislead, and/or intentionally misinterpret.
• Give appropriate credit when using other people’s work.
• Avoid plagiarism by fully acknowledging all content belonging to others.

Fantastic! You have reached this far. You may now

answer your final task. Good luck!

YOUR FINAL TASKS

Read carefully the text below. Then, write related literature about the topic
“homosexuality” in two or three sentences.

Schools should be safe places for everyone. But in the Philippines, students who
are lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) too often find that their
schooling experience is marred by bullying, discrimination, lack of access to LGBT-
related information, and in some cases, physical or sexual assault. These abuses
can cause deep and lasting harm and curtail students’ right to education, protected
under Philippine and international law.

June 21, 2017

Miguel Herras
“Just Let Us Be”
Discrimination Against LGBT Students
in the Philippines
s

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 YOUR REINFORCER

Explain the following terms in your own words. Write your answers in your
notebook/answer sheet.

1. Plagiarism –

2. Language Use –

3. Fraud –

YOUR REFLECTION/S

After finishing this module, give three important things you learned about ethical
standards in presenting related literature. Write your answers in your notebook/answer
sheet.

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

Congratulations! You are now ready to set for another memorable

learning adventure. Goodbye!

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Reference:

https://www.hrw.org/report/2017/06/21/just-let-us-be/discrimination-against-lgbt-
students-philippines#

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 ANSWER KEY

Your Readiness Check

1. F
2. F
3. T
4. T
5. F

Your Vocabulary Builder

1. C
2. D
3. A
4. E
5. B

Your Initial Task

Activity 1.
1. X
2. X
3. √
4. √
5. x

Your Discovery Task

Activity 1
1. Plagiarism
2. Language Use
3. Language Use
4. Plagiarism
5. Fraud
Activity 2.
1. The writer properly acknowledged the sources of information and followed the
proper way of citing sources.
2. Sincerity is shown through the citation made. These information can be checked
whether they are true or not.
3. The language used is formal and unbiased.

Your Final Task

Answers vary.