Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula

11/12 Z P
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Partnership
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Practical Research 2
Quarter 4 - Module 2
Quantitative Data-Collection Techniques

Name of Learner:
Grade & Section:
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1
 Module
2 Quantitative Data-
Collection Techniques

What I Need to Know

Good day, learners! Are you doing well? This module was written for you as you go
through the several stages of research. This will help you further understand the must concepts in
practical research. To understand the data; that is, to find meanings in them in relation to your
study, you have to conduct an orderly manner of gathering, identifying, and grouping them. A set-
by-set arrangement of facts and information is a must in research, because arriving at a conclusion
about your study on the basis of the collected data, you don’t only deal with lone proof or evident
but also with several proofs hinging upon a common theme, concept, or theory.
Basically, this module has two lessons.
Lesson 1: Definition of Quantitative Data
Lesson 2: Techniques in Collecting Quantitative Data
Therefore, at the end of this module, you are expected to:
1. Choose an appropriate quantitative research design;
2. Describe sampling procedure and samples;
3. Construct an instrument and establish its validity.
4. Construct an instrument and establish reliability.

What Is It
SAMPLING PROCEDURE AND SAMPLE
When you conduct research about a group of people, it’s rarely possible to collect data from
every person in that group. Instead, you select a sample. The sample is the group of individuals who
will actually participate in the research.
To draw valid conclusions from your results, you have to carefully decide how you will select
a sample that is representative of the group as a whole.
Basic Concepts

Population A big group of people from where you choose the sample.

Sample Chosen set of people to represent the population

Sampling Frame List of members of the population to which you want to generalize or apply your
findings about the sample
Sampling Unit Every individual in the population

Sampling Methods
Probability Sampling
This is a sampling method that makes you base your selection of respondents on pure chance.
Everybody in the population participates.
There are four types of probability sampling techniques.
a. Simple-Random Sampling
Choosing of respondents based on pure chance.
b. Systematic Sampling
Picking out from the list every 5th or 8th member listed in the sampling frame until it is complete.
c. Stratified Sampling
Choosing a sample that will later on be subdivided into strata, sub-groups, or sub-samples,
during the stage of data analysis.
d. Cluster Sampling
Selecting respondents in clusters, rather than in separate individuals.

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Non-Probability Sampling
The sampling techniques included in this category are not chosen randomly, but purposefully.
There are 5 types of non-probability sampling.
1. Quota Sampling
Choosing specific samples that you know correspond to the population in terms of one, two, or
more characteristics.
2. Voluntary Sampling
Selecting people who are very much willing to participate as respondents
3. Purposive Sampling
Choosing respondents whom you have judged as people with good background knowledge.
4. Availability Sampling
Picking out people who are easy to find or locate and willing to establish contact with the
researcher.
5. Snowball Sampling
Selecting samples from several alternative samples.

LESSON 2:
Techniques in Collecting Quantitative Data

What’s Is It
RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS
Collecting data is one major component of any type of research. Undermining its importance
would result in the production of inaccurate data sufficient to render your research study invalid.
Stress is given to the accuracy or appropriateness of your data-gathering technique along with
the data-gathering instruments for each technique.

Data-Gathering Techniques

Observation
Using your sense organs, you gather facts and information about people, things, places,
events, and so on, by watching and listening to them; then, record the results of the functioning of
your eyes and ears.
Survey
This is a data-gathering technique that makes you obtain facts and information about the subject
or object of your research through the data-gathering instruments of interview and questionnaire.
Two types of survey research instruments.
1. Questionnaire
This is a paper containing series of questions formulated for an individual and independent
answering by several respondents for obtaining statistical information.
2. Interview
Survey as a data-gathering technique uses interview as its data-gathering instrument. Interview makes
you ask set of questions, only that, this time, you do it orally.
Experiment
An experiment is a scientific method of collecting data whereby you give the subjects a sort of
treatment or condition then evaluate the results to find out the manner by which the treatment affected
the subjects and to discover the reason behind the effects of such treatment on the subject.
Content Analysis
This is another quantitative data-collection technique that makes you search through several
oral or written forms of communication to find answers to your research questions.
a.