The Maharaja Sayajirao university

FACULTY OF PHARMACY

Biostatistics method in experimental

pharmacology
( chi square test, Wilcoxon signed rank test )

By,
1. Harsh patel (S.S.Bharm-III)
Exam Seat No. 601017
 Introduction
Statistics
imposing form
of mathematics
suggested tables,figures,
chart/graph

provide :-
raw data for research
understandable form of analysis

2.
 Biostatstics
work flow
when statstics applied to analyze
medical, biological and
collection pharmaceutical
science
data is known as
organization “biostatistics”
biological
Medical eg. birth mortatlity
summarization rate
eg. clinical studies
pharmaceutical
eg. evaluation of drug
analysis pharmacokinetics
comparison of various activity
appropriate interpretation
3.
 Hypothesis testing
parametric testing
give generalization for generating
record regarding the mean of original
population based on the assumption
normal distribution is their among
collected population data
involve interval data
non parametric testing
not required any population
distribution
which is meant by distinct parameter
involved nominal data
4.
z test (>= 30 sample, to calculate
sample mean ,
sigma value must be known )
Anova ( analysis of variance more than
2 mean of various sample )
t test (< 30 sample , to compare
two mean of 2 sample )
goodness fit test
the distribution of variance being
analyze same as hypothetical test
eg. chi square , kupper
test for homogenecity
involve assumption based on variation is
equally distributed
eg. x2 test
wilcoxon test
 Chi square test
first used by karl pearson in 1900
denoted by greek letter x
describe the magnitude of discrepancy between theory and observation
condition for eligibility:-
5 observed value must
all are independent and random from each other
N Must be greater then 50 sample
it expressed in it's original value not in %
Application:-
test for independence of attribute
test for goodness fit test
test for homogeneity

5.
 Formula used to co relate
Where,
𝟐
𝒙 =
∑ (𝟎 − 𝑬 ) 𝟐
O= observed frequency
𝑬
Z= expected frequency
𝐑𝐓 × 𝐂𝐓
RT= the raw total for the raw containing cell
𝐄= CT= the colum total for the colum contaning cell
𝐍
N= total number of sample
V= degree of freedom
𝑽 =( 𝑹 − 𝟏 ) × ( 𝒄 − R= no.of
𝟏 )raw
C= no.of colum

6.
 Question
 in an antimalarial campaign in india , quinin was administered to 500
person out of total population of 2000 the no fever case is shown below

Treatment fever no-fever total

quinin 20 480 500
no quinin 100 1400 1500
total 120 1880 2000

Discuss usefulness of quinin in checking of malaria

By chi square .

7.
 Calculation colum-1 colum-2
Expected Expected
treatment fever value No fever value total

Qunine 20 480 500

Raw-1 30 470

No quinine 100 1400 1500

1410
Raw-2 90

total 120 1880 2000

𝐑𝐓 × 𝐂𝐓 Ho = quinin is not effective against in checking of malaria

𝐄=
𝐍 Ha = quinin is effective against in checking of malaria
𝟏𝟐𝟎 ×𝟓𝟎𝟎
𝐄 𝐑 𝟏 𝐂 𝟏= =𝟑𝟎
𝟐𝟎𝟎𝟎

8.
 Observed E (O-E) (O-E)2 (O-E)2/ E
value
20 30 -10 100 3.33

100 90 10 100 1.31

480 470 10 100 0.21

1400 1410 -10 100 0.07

degree of
freedom
𝑽 =( 𝑹− 𝟏 ) × ( 𝒄 − 𝟏 )
𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒅 , 𝒙
𝟐
=
∑ ( 𝟎 − 𝑬 )𝟐
=4.72
𝑬
𝑽 =( 𝟐 − 𝟏 ) × ( 𝟐 − 𝟏 )
𝑽 =𝟏

9.
 Conclusion

From the tabulated data in respect to v

X2tabulated=3.841
Means
X2tabulated < X2calculated
Thus Ho is failed and we have to reject
it
Means quinin is usefull in checking
malaria

Reference :-https://passel2.unl.edu/view/lesson/9beaa382bf7e/8

10.
 wil coxon method
Non perametric “it's based on different scores,
but in addition to
signed rank test for paired data analyze the sign of the differences,
eg. Wil coxon signed rank test it also take in to account
the magnitude of observed differences”

rank sum test for unpaired data

eg. wilcoxon sum rank test

11.
 Formula used to co relate

Mean where,
R= sum of rank it can be R+ and R-
n= number of sample
Standard deviation
( after excluding 0 difference)

|𝐑 − 𝐌ⅇ 𝐚𝐧|
𝐳=
𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝐝𝐞𝐯𝐢𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧

12.
 Question
Drug A Drug A after
before
112 116
 a drug is given to 11 patients and difference in their
113 120
blood pressure were recorded to be
118 117
( 5% level of significance )
120 125
119 126 use wil-coxon signed rank test to hypothesis
113 111 that drug has no effect on change in BP
110 111
122 117
126 126
Ho= does not have the effect on bp
115 112
Ha= does have effect on bp
119 129

13.
 Calculation
Drug A Drug A D= (x-y) R
before after

112 116 -4 4 5
113 120 -7 7 8.5
118 117 1 1 1.5
120 125 -5 5 6.5
119 126 -7 7 8.5
113 111 2 2 3
110 111 -1 1 1.5
122 117 5 5 6.5
126 126 0 0 -
115 112 3 3 4
119 129 10 10 10

14.
 R- =25 n=10
R+ =5+8.5+6.5+8.5+1.5=30
Mean

Standard deviation

15.
 Conclusion
|𝟑𝟎 −𝟐𝟕 . 𝟓|
𝐳 𝐜𝐚𝐥𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐝= =𝟎 . 𝟐𝟓𝟓
𝟗 .𝟖𝟏

Z0.05 tabulated= 1.96 Means

Z tabulated > Z calculated
Thus Ho is accepted and we have to
keep it
Means drug doesn’t have any effect on
BP
16.
Reference:-

Research methodologies and biostatistics by K.P.R Chowdary

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3900058/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/wilcoxon-signed-ranks-test

17.
 Harsh Patel
harshp0154@gmail.com
Any questions?