This Study Resource Was: Food Security and Safety Including Gmos

Food Security and Safety Including GMOs
Content of Data Presented:

1. Societal Issue (Local & Global)
2. Science principles applied – with resource speaker/ expert
(environmentalist/environmental sustainability advocate with curriculum vitae)
3. Technology applied - with resource speaker/ expert (environmentalist/environmental
sustainability advocate with curriculum vitae)
4. Societal Issue addressed
5. Individuals Matter (the group members’ Plan of action)
FOOD SECURITY AND SAFETY IN THE PHILIPPINES
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Food Safety is the assurance/guarantee that food will not cause harm to the consumers
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when it isA lower-middle-income country, the Philippines has a food deficit that is
exacerbated by the combined effects of man-made and natural disasters that include
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earthquakes, typhoons and armed conflict.
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As one of the world’s most disaster-prone countries, it ranks third out of 171 countries
on the 2015 World Risk Index and fourth out of 188 countries on the 2016 Global
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Climate Risk Index.

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The Mindanao region has suffered from over four decades of armed conflict, resulting in
internal displacements and overall deterioration of living standards. The people of the
Central Mindanao region are the country’s poorest.
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The World Food Programme (WFP) works closely with the Government of the
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Philippines, other United Nations agencies, non-governmental organizations and

communities to support poor and vulnerable people in the Philippines, particularly those
affected by the conflict in the Mindanao region.
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WFP focuses on increasing long-term food and nutrition security while assisting people
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and communities to build resilience to be better prepared for the consequences of

disasters.
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What are the current issues in the Philippines?
Armed conflict: Armed conflict in the Mindanao region between the Philippine
Government and the separatist groups known as the Moro National Liberation Front
(MNLF) and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) continued for more than 40 years
before a 2010 peace deal. The long-running violence has harmed living standards and
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contributed to the country’s high rates of poverty. Between 2000 and 2010, over 40
percent of families were displaced at least once because of the conflict.
Natural disasters: A study in 2012 by Danilo Israel and Roehlano Briones for the
Philippine Institute of Developmental Studies (PIDS) entitled “Impacts of Natural
Disasters on Agriculture, Food Security, and Natural Resources and Environment in the
Philippines” analyzed the impacts of typhoons, floods and droughts on these areas using
available secondary data.
In general, the study found that: a) typhoons, floods and droughts have an insignificant
impact on overall agricultural production at the national level -- yet typhoons have a
significant negative 35 impact on paddy rice production at the provincial level; b)
typhoons, as exemplified by Ondoy and Pepeng in 2009, have a significant negative
impact on the food security of the households in the affected areas; c) households have
varying consumption and nonconsumption strategies to cope with the impacts of
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typhoons; and d) the different impacts of typhoons, floods and droughts on the natural
resources and environment have not been quantitatively assessed in detail, but available
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evidence suggests that these are also substantial.
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Poverty: Although national levels of poverty have been decreasing since 2006, decades
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of armed conflict have left the Mindanao region with some of the country’s poorest
people. This is seen in significantly lower rates of primary-school completion and stunted
growth (caused by chronic malnutrition) among children under five years old in this
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region, compared with the rest of the Philippines.

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According to the 2015 Global Hunger Index, the food and nutrition situation in the
Philippines is rated as “serious” - despite steady improvements since the 1990s,
positioning the country at 53 out of 104 countries. Prevalence of undernutrition remains
an issue of public concern.
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What is the World Food Programme doing in the Philippines?
Although WFP’s work in the Philippines dates from1968, WFP re-established its presence
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in 2006 at the request of the Government to support the ongoing peace process in the
Mindanao region.
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Rebuilding lives: WFP helps communities affected by conflict and natural disasters to
rebuild their lives by encouraging self-sufficiency through food and cash assistance
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programmes. People are given food or cash and vouchers in exchange for their
participation in asset-creation activities and vocational skills training aimed at
strengthening their livelihoods and building resilience to shocks.
School meals and nutritional support: WFP provides school-age children in conflict-
affected areas of Central Mindanao with hot, nutritious meals, giving them one-third of
their daily micronutrient needs. Every school year, over 65,000 children in Maguindanao,
Lanao del Norte, and Lanao del Sur are supported with school meals. Teachers and
parents prepare the meals that let children concentrate on their studies rather than
their stomachs.
Preparing for disasters and emergency response: WFP works with the Government and
other organizations to help the Philippines strengthen its resilience to natural disasters
and climate change. WFP’s work helps vulnerable and disaster-prone communities
prepare for and respond to shocks through local community projects, innovative
scientific technology, and capacity enhancement of logistics and supply chain
management through the establishment of disaster response centers in Luzon, Visayas,
and MinA lower-middle-income country, the Philippines has a food deficit that is
exacerbated by the combined effects of man-made and natural disasters that include
earthquakes, typhoons and armed conflict.
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 Five Keys to Safer Food (Source: WHO)
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1. Keep Clean
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2. Separate raw and cooked foods
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3. Cook foods thoroughly.
4. Keep food at safe temperatures.

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5. Use safe water and raw materials.

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 Food and Water-borne Diseases - Is a group of illness caused by any infectious (bacteria,
viruses and parasites) and non-infectious agents (chemical, animal and plant toxins).
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 Common causes of Food and Water Borne Diseases
1. Unsafe sources of drinking water

2. Improper disposal of human waste
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3. Unhygienic practices like spitting anywhere, blowing or picking the nose

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4. Unsafe food handling and preparation practices i.e. street vended foods
 In case of Suspected Foodborne Illnesses

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1. Preserve the evidence. If a portion of the suspected food is available, wrap it

securely “danger” and freeze it.
2. Seek treatment as necessary. If symptoms persist or are severe (i.e. bloody
diarrhea, excessive nausea and vomiting or high temperature), immediately
consult a doctor.
3. Report the incidence to the local health department.
https://www.doh.gov.ph/Health-Advisory/Food-Safety
Food Safety Act of 2013
Republic Act (RA) No. 10611, also known as the “Food Safety Act of 2013” defines food as any
substance or product whether processed, partially processed or unprocessed that is intended
for human consumption. It includes drinks, chewing gum, water and other substances, which
are intentionally incorporated into the food during its manufacture, preparation and treatment
(Section 4.g). On the other hand, food safety refers to the assurance that food will not cause
harm to the consumer when it is prepared or eaten according to its intended use (Section 4.n).
The law primarily aims to strengthen the food safety regulatory system in the country. Food
safety regulatory system is the combination of regulations, food safety standards, inspection,
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testing, data collection, monitoring and other activities carried out by food safety regulatory
agencies (FSRAs) and by the Local Government Units (LGUs) in the implementation of their
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responsibilities for the control of food safety risks in the food supply chain (Section 4.q).
Specifically, it aims to: protect the public from food-borne and water-borne illnesses and
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unsanitary, unwholesome, misbranded or adulterated foods; enhance industry and consumer
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confidence in the food regulatory system; and achieve economic growth and development by
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promoting fair trade practices and sound regulatory foundation for domestic and international
trade (Section 3)[3].
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Responsibilities on food safety
Food safety is a foremost responsibility of food business operators and key government
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agencies. The food business operators, a person engaged in the food business including one’s
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agents, shall have the principal responsibility to ensure that food satisfies the requirements of
food law relevant to their activities in the food supply chain and that control systems are in
place to prevent, eliminate or reduce risks to consumers (Section 13).
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Key Government Agencies

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a. Department of Agriculture. The DA shall be responsible for food safety in the primary
production and post-harvest stages of food supply chain and foods locally produced or
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imported in this category. (Section 15.a). With DOH, DA shall serve as the forefront
agency to set mandatory food safety standards (Section 9) and conduct cargo inspection
and perform necessary clearance procedures to determine compliance with national
regulations (Section 12).
b. Department of Health. The DOH shall be responsible for the safety of processed and
prepackaged foods, foods locally produced or imported under this category and the
conduct of monitoring and epidemiological studies on food-borne illnesses (Section
15.b).
c. Department of Interior and Local Government. The DILG in collaboration with the DA,
the DOH and other government agencies shall supervise the enforcement of food safety
and sanitary rules and regulations as well as the inspection and compliance of business
establishments and facilities within its territorial jurisdiction (Section 15.d)
d. The LGUs shall be responsible for food safety in food businesses such as, but not limited
to, activities in slaughterhouses, dressing plants, fish ports, wet markets, supermarkets,
school canteens, restaurants, catering establishments and water refilling stations. The
LGU shall also be responsible for street food sale, including ambulant vending (Section
15.c).
http://ap.fftc.agnet.org/ap_db.php?id=214
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GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS (GMO) – DEFINITION
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A GMO (genetically modified organism) is the result of a laboratory process where genes from
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the DNA of one species are extracted and artificially forced into the genes of an unrelated plant
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or animal. The foreign genes may come from bacteria, viruses, insects, animals or even humans.
Because this involves the transfer of genes, GMOs are also known as “transgenic” organisms.
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https://responsibletechnology.org/gmo-education/
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GMO (PHILIPPINES)
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The debate is still ongoing. But in the Philippines, as in the rest of the world, its actual use has
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gained the upper hand over all the talk and protests against it.
In truth, genetically modified (GM) food has been eaten by Filipinos every day since it was first
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introduced in 1996, said Dr. Saturnina C. Halos, consultant, Biotech and Climate Change of the
Department of Agriculture (DA).
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Halos was one of three speakers at the recent Department of Science and Technology (DOST)
Media Seminar on Food Safety, organized by the Biotechnology Coalition of the Philippines
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(BCP), Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice), and the International Rice Research Institute
(IRRI).
One of the pillars of biotechnology in the country, Halos said an everyday Filipino breakfast can
include hotdog, cheese, coffee, fruit juice, eggs, corned beef, and even chocolate bars—all
containing genetically-modified Textured Vegetable Protein or TVP.
https://philippinesgraphic.net/the-gmo-in-your-food/
Genetically modified food is as safe as traditionally-cultivated and organic food and has
additional nutrients to supplement the needs of common Filipino families, according to
scientists.
The scientists from the Department of Agriculture (DA), International Rice Research Institute
(IRRI), and Biotechnology Coalition of the Philippines (BCP) reassured the public that GMO
(Genetically Modified Organisim) food is safe at a forum on Thursday that reaffirmed truths
about the controversial subject.
https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/news/specialreports/634261/gmos-as-safe-as-
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conventional-food-beneficial-for-farmers-scientists/story/
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Philippines ranked as the top grower of biotech or genetically modified (GM) crops in Southeast
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Asia and 12th biggest producer globally last year, the International Service for the Acquisition of
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Agri-biotech Application (ISAAA) revealed on Friday, May 19.
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https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/143054
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ISSUES (LOCAL)
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 http://manilastandard.net/spotlight/world-food-day/218947/current-food-issues-in-the-
philippines-and-what-the-wfp-is-doing.html
 https://www.wheninmanila.com/3-big-issues-the-local-food-industry-is-facing-and-how-
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we-can-help/
 https://www.borgenmagazine.com/causes-food-insecurity-in-the-philippines/
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 https://www.bworldonline.com/tracking-global-food-security-2017-philippines/

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ISSUES (GLOBAL)
 https://ac.els-cdn.com/S2211601X16000043/1-s2.0-S2211601X16000043-main.pdf?
_tid=77273a5e-e6c1-44f1-b5e5-
a390e525c7b8&acdnat=1551854306_917a0065f28b5ffa77b1576b299047c7
 http://mars.com/global/sustainable-in-a-generation/nourishing-wellbeing/food-safety-
and-security
Africa
 https://mg.co.za/article/2018-09-21-00-food-insecurity-rising-in-africa
 https://reliefweb.int/report/world/2018-africa-regional-overview-food-security-and-
nutrition-addressing-threat-climate
 https://www.worldhunger.org/africa-hunger-poverty-facts-2018/
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Food Security and Safety Including GMOs

Content of Data Presented:

FOOD SECURITY AND SAFETY IN THE PHILIPPINES

Climate Risk Index.

Philippines, other United Nations agencies, non-governmental organizations and

and communities to build resilience to be better prepared for the consequences of

What are the current issues in the Philippines?

region, compared with the rest of the Philippines.

What is the World Food Programme doing in the Philippines?

4. Keep food at safe temperatures.

5. Use safe water and raw materials.

 Common causes of Food and Water Borne Diseases

1. Unsafe sources of drinking water

3. Unhygienic practices like spitting anywhere, blowing or picking the nose

 In case of Suspected Foodborne Illnesses

1. Preserve the evidence. If a portion of the suspected food is available, wrap it

Food Safety Act of 2013

Responsibilities on food safety

Key Government Agencies

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