ANALYSIS OF MANUFACTURING WIND TURBINE VALUES USING BAMBOO STRIP

COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Steven Santoso1, Sofyan Djamil2, M. Sobron Y. Lubis3
1
Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Tarumanagara University
Steven.515150035@stu.untar.ac.id
2,3
Lecturer of Mechanical Engineering Studies, Faculty of Engineering,
Tarumanagara University
Address : Let.Jen S.Parman No. 1 Jakarta 11440, Indonesia
Correspondence Author: Sofyand@ft.untar.ac.id;Sobronlbs@ft.untar.ac.id

Abstract

Composite materials are materials that undergo many changes. The development of composite technology is not only
on synthetic composites, but also leads to natural composites due to their recyclable properties. Indonesia has a very
large and varied potential of natural fibers, so it has the opportunity to develop composite polymers using natural
fibers. The use of natural fiber as a raw material for many products has been carried out by various studies to obtain
product properties that meet safety standards at relatively affordable prices. Wind turbine is a power generator that
utilizes renewable energy. This study aims to compare bamboo composite materials and wind turbine blades made
from GFRP. This study uses secondary data with national or international journals. In the simulation using the
Autodek Fusion 360 application, the loading during the simulation was 17.65 N, 20.59 N, and 22.555 N. This load
was based on a national journal. This research concludes that bamboo composite wind turbine blades have a higher
yield value, safety value and shear stress value, than GFRP so that bamboo composite can replace tubing blades made
of GFRP.
Keywoards: Material, Composite, , Matrix, Fusion 360

PRELIMINARY
Composite materials are materials that have undergone many developments. Currently,
many of the materials used by the company as raw materials are not environmentally friendly, so
the company hopes to use new materials that are stronger, more durable, and resistant to various
environmental factors. The materials used must be more efficient and environmentally friendly, so
materials from nature are used as alternative materials. [1]
The development of composite material technology lies not only in composite materials
made of synthetic materials, but also because of their recyclable nature, which has also led to the
development of natural composite materials. Indonesia has a very large and diverse natural fiber
potential, so it has the opportunity to develop composite polymers using natural fibers. Various
studies have been carried out to utilize natural fibers as raw materials for various products to
obtain product characteristics that meet safety standards at relatively affordable prices. [2]
The composite material used in this study uses materials derived from nature. Indonesia is a
country that is rich in various plants. One of the plants that can be used as the basic material in this
research is bamboo. Indonesia is one of the best areas for growing bamboo [3] In addition, these
natural ingredients are easy to find in Indonesia. Natural materials in the form of natural fibers
used as reinforcing materials in the manufacture of composite materials have proven to be able to
replace synthetic fibers that are widely used today. This composite material derived from natural
fibers, compared to glass or carbon fiber, has several advantages, namely being easy to recycle so
it is not too damaging to the environment. [4] This research was conducted to increase the value of
bamboo as a natural fiber that can be used as a reinforcing material for composite materials. In
addition, this research aims to make wind turbine blades that are more environmentally friendly,
resistant to all environmental conditions, and have good strength. Use Autodesk Fusion 360 for
analysis. [5]
RESEARCH METHOD
This research method starts from making a 2D design on the Autodesk Fusion 360
application then after making a 2D design it will be converted into 3D. After the 3D drawing has
been completed, then a simulation of static stress and thermal stress is carried out on the design
results using the Autodesk Fusion 360 application. In static stress, stress, strain and safety factors
are tested from the design results. The simulation results obtained are then recorded and attached
to the research results.
 Fig 1. Research Flowchart [6]

The FlowChart explanation begins with the starting step, then a literature study is collected in the
form of measurements and testing of the wind turbine blades. After completing the process, the
3D image of the turbine blades was created using the Autodesk Fusion 360 application. Then
proceed with simulation and perform an in-depth analysis of the simulation results. Then the next
stage is making conclusions and suggestions from this research and ending with completion.
The stages of the research carried out are as follows:
1. Prepare a literature study that discusses the research under study.
2. Selection of simulation with static stress type.
3. Selection of the material used, the material used is a composite with 90% polypropylene
matrix and 10% bamboo reinforcement.
4. Select the part of the turbine blade that receives the load (constraints)
5. Select the part of the wind turbine blade that is given a load (force). In this study, the wind
turbine blades will be given 3 loads, namely 17.65N, 20.59N, and 22.555N.
6. Select result then the results of the simulation will appear.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The following are the results of testing and analysis of static stress that have been carried
out and obtained. In this simulation using 3 loads, namely 17.65N, 20.59N, and 22.555N. The
burden given is based on the provisions of the literature sources used [7]. From the simulation, the
results are safety factor, von mises, 1st principal, 3rd principal, and Displacement.

Safety Factor Simulation Result

The safety factor simulation has the aim of knowing the safety with the dimensions that
have been used. Based on the simulation of the safety factor, it is obtained as follows:
Table 4.1 safety factor simulation result
Load Bamboo Composite Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer
17,65N
 20,59N

22,555N

1.2 1.1 1.1

1 0.95 0.97
Safety Factor valu

0.86 0.86
0.8

0.6
Bamboo
Composite
0.4
Glass Fiber
Reinforced
0.2 Polymer

0
17,65 N 20,59 N 22,56 N

Fig 4.1 Safety Factor Diagram

In table 4.1 and Figure 4.1 the results of the simulation of the safety factor can be seen the
value of the safety factor with a load of 17.65 N on the composite material of 1.097 while the
Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) material of 1.104. the value of the safety factor with a
load of 20.59 N on the composite material is 0.946 while the Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer
(GFRP) material is 0.966. the safety factor value with a load of 22.56 N on the composite material
is 0.858 while the Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) material is 0.863. The simulation
results show that the minimum Safety Factor value obtained shows that the greater the force, the
smaller the Safety Factor value.

Von Mises Simulation Result

The von Mises simulation aims to determine the yield of the material under loading
conditions. Based on the von Mises simulation, the following results were obtained:
Table 4.2 Von Mises Simulation Result

Load Bamboo Composite Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer

17,65N

20,59N
 22,555N

40
35.31 35.1
35
Pressure Value (MPa)

32.04 31.38
30 27.62 27.45
25

20 Bamboo
Composite
15
Glass Fiber
10 Reinforced
Polymer
5

0
17,65 N 20,59 N 22,56 N

Fig 4.2 Von Mises Diagram

In Table 4.2 and Figure 4.2, it can be seen the results of the von Mises simulation produced.
The Von Mises stress value with 17.65 N load on the composite material is 27.62 MPa, while the
Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) material has a value of 27.45 MPa. The value of Von
Mises with 20.59 N load on the composite material is 32.04 MPa, while the Glass Fiber
Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) material has a value of 31.38 MPa. The Von Mises value with a load
of 22.56 N on the composite material is 35.31 MPa, while the Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer
(GFRP) material has a value of 35.1 MPa. From these results it can be concluded that the value of
the added force applied during the simulation with the Autodesk Fusion 360 application will
result in an increase in the stress value, besides that the value of the composite material is slightly
higher than the Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) material, so the yield rate of the
composite material is greater. slightly when compared to Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP)
material.

1st Principal Simulation Result

The 1st principal simulation aims to determine the height of the shear stress with the
maximum tensile stress. Based on the 1st principal simulation, the following results are obtained:
Table 4.3 1st Principal Simulation Result
Load Bamboo Composite Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer
17,56N

20,59N
 22,555
N

50 45.83 46.98
1st Principal Pressure Value (MPa)

45 42.88 41.84
40 35.84 36.74
35
30
25 Bamboo
Composite
20
15 Glass Fiber
Reinforced
10 Polymer
5
0
17,65 N 20,59 N 22,56 N

Fig 4.3 1st Principal Diagram

The results of the 1st Principal simulation can be seen in table 4.3 and Figure 4.3 above, the
value of 1st Principal on the Bamboo Composite material with a load of 17.65 N is 35.84 MPa
while the Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) material has a value of 36.74 MPa. The value
of 1st Principal on the Bamboo Composite material with 20.59 N Load is 42.88 MPa while the
Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) material has a value of 41.84 MPa. The 1st Principal
value in Bamboo Composite material with a load of 22.56 N is 45.83 MPa, while the Glass Fiber
Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) material has a value of 46.98 MPa. The results of this 1st Principal
simulation aim to determine the maximum tensile strength, the results show that the greater the
force applied to the material component, the greater the maximum tensile stress of the component.
Composite material when compared to Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) material, this
material has a higher maximum tensile stress than Bamboo Composite material, although the
tensile stress of these two materials does not have a very significant difference.

3rd Principal Simulation Result

The 3rd principal simulation aims to determine the height of the shear stress with the
maximum stress stress. Based on the 3rd principal simulation, the following results are obtained:
Table 4.4 3rd Principal Simulation Result

Load Bamboo Composite Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer

17,56N

20,59N
 22,555N

18
3rd Principal Pressure Value (MPa)

16 15.36 15.34
14 14.35
14
12.01 12
12
10
8 Bamboo
Composite
6
Glass Fiber
4 Reinforced
2 Polymer

0
17,65 N 20,59 N 22,56 N

Fig 4.4 3rd Principal Diagram

From the results of the 3rd principal simulation in table 4.4 and Figure 4.4, the 3rd principal
value for composite materials with a force of 17.65 N is 12.01 MPa while the Glass Fiber
Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) material has a value of 12 MPa. The value of the 3rd Principal on the
composite material with a force of 20.59 N is 14 MPa while the Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer
(GFRP) material is 14.35 MPa. The value of the 3rd Principal on the composite material with a
force of 20.59 N is 15.36 MPa while the Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) material is 15.34
MPa. The results show that the difference in value between the composite material and Glass Fiber
Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) material will be greater in direct proportion to the increase in the force
applied to the component, the maximum pressure on the Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP)
material is greater than the composite material with the same loading. in every simulation
performed on the Autodesk Fusion 360 application.

Displacement Simulation Result

Displacement simulation aims to determine the shift of a predetermined dimension. Based
on the displacement simulation, the following results are obtained:
Table 4.5 Displacement Simulation Result
Load Bamboo Composite GFRP
17,56N

20,59N
 22,555
N

60
Displacement Value (mm)

52.87 52.38
50 47.8 47.84
41.35 40.96
40

30
Bamboo
20 Composite
Glass Fiber
10 Reinforced
Polymer
0
17,65 N 20,59 N 22,56 N

Fig 4.5 Displacement Diagram

The results of the displacement simulation can be seen in Table 4.5 and Figure 4.5. The
composite material value was given a load of 17.65 N of 41.35 mm, while the Glass Fiber
Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) was 40.96 mm. The value of the composite material was given a
load of 20.59 N of 47.8 mm, while the Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) was 47.84 mm.
The value of the composite material was given a load of 22.56 N of 52.87 mm, while the Glass
Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) was 52.38 mm.

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

Conclusion
The conclusions that can be drawn after simulating the Autodesk Fusion 360 application
are as follows:
1. The results of the Von Mises simulation of components get a minimum value with loading of
17.65 N for composite materials of 27.62 MPa and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) of
27.45 , while the maximum value with loading of 22.56 N for composite materials is 35.31
MPa and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) of 35.1 MPa.
2. The test results show that the Von Mises stress value on Bamboo Composite is slightly higher
by 0.17 MPa at 17.65 N loading and 0.21 MPa at 22.56 N loading compared to Glass Fiber
Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) so that the composite material easier to yield than Glass Fiber
Reinforced Polymer (GFRP).
3. The simulation results of displacement components with composite materials at 17.65 N loading
have a greater difference of 0.9% compared to the Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP)
component which is the original component of the dashboard panel in this study.
4. Bamboo composite material can be a substitute for Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP), as
a raw material for making wind turbines because composite materials have a higher yield rate
and lower displacement rate than Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP).

Suggestions
Some suggestions were conveyed from the simulation results on the Autodesk Fusion 360
application on composites with a polypropylene matrix and reinforcement in the form of bamboo
particles compared to Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) material. different.

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