.

Root of Conflict

The Myanmar military government was claimed that the Rohingya were not
indigenous people but they were came from Bangladesh. Although the Rohingya were
had identity cards and British-issued ration cards and that is evidence that they are
citizens of Myanmar. Unfortunately these cards were taken by force to deny their
legal identity. In 1978 junta launched a large scale program named the operation
Dragon king a. During junta regime from 1962 until 1995 the Muslims human rights
was lost as well as political rights and the opportunity of government service. 11
What happen in Rakhine the state that have 3,2 million Muslims or more is described
by Human Rights Watch as "ethnic cleansing” . It appears that the main guilty in the
conflict were affiliated with Rakhine Buddhist.

What happen in 2012 was disaster for muslims and there were a lot of deaths and the
numbers is unreliable and many of them went to isolated camps. Even the violent is
desolating, their freedom is restricted. Many years and the tensions remained and in
2015 there were more than 14000 of Muslim fled to camps from their homes. 12 The
government of Myanmar has been accused of using "scorched earth" tactics against
civilians, most notably in Kayin State. The accusations included burning down entire
villages, planting landmines, using civilians as slave labour, using civilians as
minesweepers, and the rape and murder of Karen women.According to a report by
legal firm DLA Piper, whose report was presented to the United Nations Security
Council, these tactics against the Karen have been identified as ethnic cleansing.

Political interest and violence

Unfortunately UN, US and EU did not change the role of junta. In 2008 there was a
referendum on a new constitution and the new constitution was created mainly to
perpetuate the junta's control. Tomas Quintana (the UN envoy to Burma ) strongly
condemned human rights abuse in the country and recommended that the UN begin
an inquiry into war crimes and crimes against humanity at the UN human rights
council in Geneva, in march 2010. Quintana stated that planned elections in Burma
could not be credible until human rights abuse were addressed. Burma officials
strongly protested against Quintana's recommendations In 2010 exactly in September,
the media announced that five states would not polling they were: Kachin, Kayah,
Kayin, Mon and Shan.. In 2010 the multiparty elections proceeded and the NLD did
not participate in the. The result was that the union solidarity and development party
won 882 out of a total of 1145 seats and the UN announced that the election results
were fraudulent. After 20 years under house arrest, Suu Kyi was freed on November
2010. she quickly filed a motion to have her NLD party reinstated, Suu Kyi had been
either jailed or detained multiple times by the burmese government since the 1990
general elections, when the NLD won a substantial victory. signaling that her efforts
to bring democracy to Burma were far from over, Suu Kyi pressed Burma's military
rulers to release all remaining political prisoners. In 2013 Arakan 15 League for
democracy joint with RNDP to form the Arakan National Party (ANP).. ANP leaders
declare that they will not give any political role to the Muslims in Rakhine and they
hope Muslims to migrate from the country. In 2015 the government withdraws the
citizenship status of the Muslims On November 2015 the ANP was win with 12 seats
from Rakhine State in the national parliament and ten seats in the upper house.

International Response

A report published by UN investigators in August 2018 accused Myanmar's military

of carrying out mass killings and rapes with "genocidal intent".

Aung San Suu Kyi rejected allegations of genocide when she appeared at the court in
December 2019.

But in January 2020, the court's initial ruling ordered Myanmar to take emergency
measures to protect the Rohingya from being persecuted and killed.

Although Myanmar itself is not a member of the court, the ICC ruled it had
jurisdiction in the case because Bangladesh, where victims fled to, is a member.

Myanmar has long denied carrying out genocide and says it is carrying out its own
investigations into the events of 2017. The country's Independent Commission of
Enquiry (ICOE) admitted that members of the security forces may have carried out
"war crimes, serious human rights violations, and violations of domestic law", but
claimed there was no evidence of genocide.

Issue of refugees

The massive numbers of refugees who fled to Bangladesh in 2017 joined hundreds of
thousands of Rohingya who had fled Myanmar in previous years.

Kutupalong, the largest refugee settlement in the world according to UNHCR, is

home to more than 600,000 refugees alone.

But in March 2019, Bangladesh announced it would no longer accept

Rohingya fleeing Myanmar.

Role of extremist Organisations

Al-Qaeda leader Ayman al-Zawahiri could not have done a greater disservice to the
Muslims of Myanmar when, in early September, he claimed that he was going to
“raise the flag of jihad. the London-based Burmese Muslim Association issued a
statement shortly afterward, saying that “the Muslims in Burma will never accept any
help from a terrorist organization, which is in principle a disgrace and morally
repugnant.”
Apart from such anomalies, Myanmar’s Muslims have never been of the rebellious
kind in a religious sense.

Reaction of Pakistan

Pakistan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs has expressed its concerns over reports of the
increasing number of deaths and forced displacement of Rohingya Muslims in
Myanmar and urged its government to take action to ensure their safety.

"Such reports, if confirmed, are a source of serious concern and anguish on the eve of
Eidul Azha," the Foreign Office said in a statement released on September 3 2017.

The foreign ministry has urged authorities in Myanmar to investigate reports of

massacre, and hold those involved accountable and take necessary measures to protect
the rights of Rohingya Muslims.

In line with its consistent position on protecting the rights of Muslim minorities
worldwide, the ministry assured that they will work with the international community
in particular the OIC to express solidarity with Rohingya Muslims and to work
towards safeguarding their rights

Remember, it is not a question of one religious community targeting the other; it is a

question of unarmed and innocent human beings being brutally killed in a genocidal
fashion. Lest it should become a norm, we must be vigilant and mobilised to preserve
and protect human rights.

What’s happening now

Following allegations of election fraud, Myanmar's Tatmadaw military

took control of the government  Feb. 1, 2021. The country's de facto
leader, Aung San Suu Kyi, and other prominent politicians were detained
in the process, and have since been put under house arrest. Now
thousands of people are taking part in street protests and strikes, calling
for the release of Suu Kyi and for democracy to be restored. Prior to her
leadership, Myanmar had been under military rule for nearly five
decades. The Tatmadaw military claim that the November 2020 election
results (which saw Suu Kyi's party win the majority) were fraudulent
Since the coup began in February, thousands have taken to the streets in
protest, resulting in deadly confrontations with the military. In early
March, it was reported that around 1,700 people had been detained by the
military and that a number of raids have taken place on campaign leaders
and opposition activists. The UN’s Human Rights Office said that, of
those detained, at least 85 are medical professionals and students, and
seven were journalists.
This month's military coup in Myanmar has made an already dire
situation for Rohingya refugees even worse, say human rights activists.
Now, prospects are even more unlikely for hundreds of thousands to
return to Myanmar from sprawling camps in neighboring Bangladesh.
Most recently, in 2017, more than 700,000 Rohingya fled across the
border into Bangladesh as the result of a brutal counterinsurgency
campaign launched by the Myanmar military, known as the Tatmadaw. 
The military said it was responding to coordinated attacks on Myanmar
security forces by Rohingya extremists. It later faced allegations of
genocide in a case at the International Court of Justice in The Hague.
The repatriation process has started and stopped many times over the
years, but in the days following the coup, Commander-in-Chief Senior
Gen. Min Aung Hlaing, now Myanmar's leader, vowed that it will move
forward and promised to "protect" the Rohingya. Bangladeshi officials
— who recently began shifting some Rohingya to a remote island
described by human rights activists as "the Rohingya Alcatraz" —
expressed hope that repatriation processes would "continue in right
earnest."

What’s next

The Rohingya people don’t believe the situation in Myanmar is

currently conducive to repatriation. It would be very difficult for
people to go back to Myanmar unless the situation improves
there,” adds Musha.

International talks over the return of Rohingya refugees to

Myanmar have taken place over the last three years. A
proposal to relocate an estimated 100,000 Rohingya refugees
in Cox’s Bazar to the island of Bhasan Char (which, like much
of Bangladesh, is especially vulnerable to rising sea levels)
went into effect in December 2020. So far, 1,600 people have
been relocated. 

Sanctions have been issued by the U.S., the UK, and other countries, but
many believe their actions have not gone far enough.

On March 3, UN Special Envoy on Myanmar Christine Schraner Burgene

revealed that, during conversations with Myanmar’s Deputy Military
Chief Soe Win, he showed little concern about being isolated by other
UN members.
“The [response] was: ‘We are used to sanctions, and we survived,’”
Schraner Burgene told reporters in New York. “When I also warned they
will go (into) isolation, the answer was: ‘We have to learn to walk with
only few friends.’”

On March 5, Schraner Burgene urged the UN Security Council to do

more to halt the violence. Its members are currently negotiating a further
statement on the crisis but diplomats have believe it’s unlikely that Russia
and China will support sanctions on the military.