Prosedur Analisis PDF

24/05/2021
Web: www.davysukamta.com Beberapa gempa Besar (Indonesia Barat) Setelah keluarnya of SNI 1726-2002
Email: dsp@davysukamta.com
Aceh Earthquake Mw=9.2
(December, 2004)
Pidie Jaya Earthquake Mw=6.5
(7 Desember, 2016)
Simeuleu Earthquake Mw=8.5
(11 April, 2012)
Nias Earthquake Mw=8.6
(March, 2005)
Simeuleu Earthquake Mw=8.1
(11 April, 2012)
Padang Earthquake Mw=7.6 Jambiimprovements

Earthquake Mw=6.6
Sumber: Why does the(Sept,
current code require
2009)
?
(Oct, 2009)
ASCE 41-17 + FEMA P-2006
PuSGeN 1. Mentawai
To considers recent
Earthquake great earthquakes in Indonesia
Mw=7.2
(Oct, 2010)
Tasik Earthquake Mw=7.4 Yogya Earthquake Mw=6.3

(Sept, 2009) (May, 2006)
1) Principal, Davy Sukamta Konsultan
2) Anggota Pusat Studi Gempa Nasional
3) Tim Penyusun SNI Evaluasi dan Rehabilitasi Seismik
DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS USGS

Consulting Engineers Sumber: Masyhur Irsyam
Consulting Engineers
1 2
Indonesia is located
in a very active seismic region
Soft-story Effect
DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS

Consulting Engineers Consulting Engineers
3 4
1
24/05/2021
Indonesia is located
in a very active seismic region
Dua Hal Utama dalam Perancangan
Gedung Tahan Gempa
Respons inelastik untuk rancangan tahan gempa
28 September 2018, Sulawesi EQ

Sumber: AFP 1. Besaran gaya gempa rencana
2. Detailing untuk mendapatkan daktilitas
5 6
FEMA P-751 Cacat Bawaan yang Sering Dijumpai

Inelastic Response for Seismic Design
Global Deficiencies
- Soft Story
- Irregularitas Vertikal: Podium
- Irregularitas Torsi
- Pounding dengan Gedung Tetangga
- Weak Story
Kekurangan pada Elemen

- Rangka Beton Non-daktail > detailing
- Bukaan Besar pada Shearwall
- Boundary Elements Tidak Terkekang
- Defisiensi pada Kekuatan & Koneksi Diafragma
- Load Path

7 8
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Struktur Baru vs Eksisting

SNI 1726 / ASCE 7 ASCE 41
Struktur Eksisting
- Kita tidak merancang dari awal > defisiensi bawaan
- Kita tidak dapat menetukan daktilitas
- Kita tidak dapat mengendalikan kualitas konstruksi
- Target kinerja ditentukan oleh aturan (PERDA) atau
pemilik gedung Prosedur Analisis dan Kriteria Penerimaan

9 10
Referensi
ASCE41-17
EVALUATION AND RETROFIT PROCESS

Provisions of this standard for seismic evaluation and retrofit are
based on a performance-based design methodology that differs
from seismic design procedures for the design of new buildings
currently specified in national model building codes and standards.
11 12
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SNI 1726 / ASCE-7 vs ASCE 41 Pasal 7 Prosedur Analisis dan Kriteria Penerimaan
SNI 1726 / ASCE 7: Rancangan sistem penahan
gempa didasarkan pada TINJAUAN GLOBAL - Membahas syarat pembebanan, model matematis, dan prosedur analitis.
SISTEM STRUKTUR lewat prescriptive design
dan syarat detailing komponen. Komponen Faktor R - Pasal ini berkaitan dengan pasal 2, Tujuan Kinerja.
struktur dirancang terhadap demand yang - Untuk Tier 3, seluruh komponen struktur harus dimodelkan.
diturunkan, dengan tingkat kepastian tinggi akan Faktor m
sifat dan perilakunya - Karakteristik kekakuan dan kekuatan komponen ada di pasal 8-12,
pasal 14 dan 15.
ASCE 41 mengenal cacat bawaan struktur eksisting.
- Gaya dan deformasi komponen hasil analisis dibandingkan terhadap
Rancangan dilakukan pada level SETIAP KOMPONEN.
nilai ijin pada pasal 8-12, pasal 14 dan 15.
Perilaku inelastik komponen yang tidak konsisten dalam
sistem struktur menyeluruh menyebabkan pemeriksaan - Evaluasi dan metode rehabilitasi komponen non-struktur ada di pasal 13.
kapasitas daktilitas harus dilakukan pada setiap
komponen individu
13 14
Strategi Rehabilitasi Seismik Soft-story Retrofit
Pendekatan umum untuk mencapai tingkat kinerja antara lain dengan

menambah kekuatan global, memperkaku struktur secara global, atau
mengurangi seismic demand dengan memasang seismic friction
dampers atau sistem isolasi seismik. Seringkali juga dengan
memperbesar kapasitas kuat lokal, meningkatkan deformabilitas dari
elemen struktur, misalnya dengan Teknik FRP jacketing.

15 16
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Retrofit dengan struktur tambahan:

Memperkaku struktur untuk mengurangi deformasi

17 18
Retrofit dengan membungkus struktur eksisting SEISMIC PROTECTION SYSTEMS
- Seismic resistant design, fixed-base structure
- Vibration controlled structure (with dampers)
- Seismically isolated structure

19 20
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ASCE 41-17
Existing Building
Kembangkan basis desain
Motivation for the Retrofit
Basis Desain
Apakah diperlukan peningkatan
ketahanan gempa? - Performance Objective
Level bahaya seismik
Level performa struktural
- Tipe Gedung
- Prosedur tingkat 2 atau 3
Sukarela Keharusan - SNI semula
- Tujuan retrofit - Publik / privat
- Geological hazard
- Biaya desain - PERDA - Syarat geoteknik
- Biaya konstruksi - Kategori resiko - Metodologi desain (LSP, LDP, NSP,NDP)
- Tipe Gedung - Tipe Gedung - Pengumpulan data dan lingkup uji material
- Gedung historik? Kembangkan - Gedung historik? - Syarat peer review
basis desain - Bongkar / perbaiki? - Usulan alternatif (bila ada)

21 22
Bab SUBJECT Prosedur Evaluasi dan Retrofit

1 General Requirements
2 Performance Objectives and Seismic Hazards
3 Evaluation And Retrofit Requirements
4 Tier 1 Screening
5 Tier 2 Deficiency-Based Evaluation And Retrofit
6 Tier 3 Systematic Evaluation And Retrofit
7 Analysis Procedures And Acceptance Criteria Serangkaian check list (konfigurasi
8 Foundations And Geologic Site Hazards
Tier 1: Screening dasar dan struktur) yang dilakukan
Procedure untuk mengidentifikasi defisiensi
9 Steel And Iron struktur
10 Concrete
Mencakup berbagai hal mulai dari Performance Objectives,
11 Masonry
Seismic Hazard, cara evaluasi, sampai prosedur analisis. Prosedur Evaluasi Tier 2: Deficiency- Analisis dan retrofit dilakukan
Architectural, Mechanical, And Electrical Components
12 Wood Light Frame dan Retrofit Based Evaluation and berdasarkan defisiensi yang
13 Mencakup
Architectural, Mechanical, And berbagai material konstruksi mulai dari baja,
Electrical Components Struktur Retrofit Procedures diidentifikasi pada Tier 1
14 Seismic Isolation beton, pasangan bata, kayu.
15 Mencakup
Design Requirements For Structures provisi penggunaan
With Supplemental Energy DissipationIsolasi Seismik dan Peredam
Tier 3: Systematic Analisis lanjut
16 System-Specific Performance Procedures Evaluation and Retrofit sistem struktur bangunan eksisting
17 Tier 1 Checklists Procedures dan retrofit.
18 Reference Documents
19 Appendix A Guidelines For Deficiency-Based Procedures
20 Appendix B Applying ASCE 41 In Building Codes, Regulatory Policies, And Mitigation Programs
21 Appendix C Summary Data sheet
22 Commentary To Standard ASCE/SEI 41-17

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Pasal 7 Prosedur Analisis dan Kriteria Penerimaan BATASAN PENGGUNAAN PROSEDUR TIER 1 dan TIER 2
Metode Analisis yang Diijinkan
Tier 2 > Prosedur Deficiency-based LSP, LDP
Tier 3 > Prosedur Sistematik LSP, LDP, NSP, NDP
- Pemilihan prosedur analisis

- Penentuan gaya dan deformasi
- Elemen primer dan sekunder
- Elemen Aksi Terkontrol Gaya
- Elemen Aksi Terkontrol Deformasi
- Momen guling
- Kekuatan dinding out-of-plane
- Penjangkaran peralatan

25 26
BATASAN PENGGUNAAN PROSEDUR TIER 1 dan TIER 2 Prosedur Analisis Tier 3
Tahapan Evaluasi:
• - Pengumpulan Data (Material Properties dan Gambar As-Built)
• - Identifikasi komponen primary dan komponen secondary
• - Kontrol gaya versus control deformasi
• - Analisis Linear (LSP,LDP) atau Nonlinear (NSP, NDP)
• - Retrofit untuk Mencapai Target Kinerja Struktur.
Linear Static Procedure

Prosedur Linear
(Tanpa Irregularitas)
Linear Dynamic
Procedure
Prosedur Analisis
Non-Linear Static
Procedure (Pushover)
Prosedur Non-Linear
Non-Linear Dynamic
Procedure (NLTHA)

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Ch 7.2 Persyaratan Umum Analisis Ch 7.2 Persyaratan Umum Analisis

7.2.1 Analysis Procedure: LSP, LDP, NSP, NDP 7.2.4 Configuration
7.2.2 Component Gravity Loads and Load Combinations 7.2.5 Multidirectional Seismic Effect
7.2.5.1 Concurrent Seismic Effect
Untuk Prosedur Linier 7.2.5.2 Vertical Seismic Effect
QG = 1.1 (QD + QL + QS) (7.1)
7.2.6 P-delta Effect
7.2.7 Soil-Structure Interaction
7.2.8 Overturning
7.2.9 Diaphragms, Chords, Collectors, Ties
7.2.3 Mathematical Modelling
7.2.10 Continuity. Semua komponen struktur harus terikat untuk
Asumsi dasar, torsi, komponen primer dan sekunder,
membentuk load path yang lengkap untuk mentransfer gaya inersia
kekakuan dan kekuatan, modeling fundasi, redaman
29 30
ASCE 41-17 ASCE 41-17

7.4.1 LSP
7.4 PROSEDUR ANALISIS
Pseudo lateral force V = C1 C 2 C m S a W (7.21)
Acceptance criteria
7.4.2.2.3 RSA Faktor Amplifikasi
7.4.1 LSP 7.4.2 LDP 7.4.2.2.4 LRHA Untuk C1 C2 > lihat tabel 7-3 7.5.2
(torsi) ps 7.2.3.2
μstrength =DCRmax /1.5 x Cm ≥ 1.0
7.4.3 NSP 7.4.4 NDP NLTHA
Acceptance criteria
7.5.

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ASCE 41-17
Pseudo lateral force V = C1 C 2 C m S a W (7.21) 7.4.2 LDP
7.4.2.2.3 RSA
7.4.2.2.4 LRHA
7.4.2.3.1 Modification of Demands for LDP

Semua gaya dan deformasi harus dikali faktor C1, C2
dan faktor amplifikasi Ax (7.2.3.2)
Untuk C1 C2 > lihat tabel 7-3

μstrength =DCRmax /1.5 x Cm ≥ 1.0
Acceptance criteria
7.5.2

33 34
Source: Erol Kalkan & Sashi Kunnath
7.4.3 NSP MODELING
Ke effective lateral stiffness

Vy effective yield strength
7.4.3.2.1
Analisis harus
mencapai 150%
target displacement
Control node
displacement
= C.o.M
7.2.5 Multidirectional
Seismic Effect > 3D Model

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7.4.3 NSP Target Displacement

Source: Erol Kalkan & Sashi Kunnath
Faktor Amplifikasi
(torsi) ps 7.2.3.2
C0 = Modification factor to relate spectral displacement of an equivalent single-degree-of-

freedom (SDOF) system to the roof displacement of the building multi-degree-of-freedom
(MDOF) system
C1 = Modification factor to relate expected maximum inelastic displacements to
displacement calculated for linear elastic response
C2 = Modification factor to represent the effect of pinched hysteresis shape, cyclic
stiffness degradation, and strength deterioration on the maximum displacement response

37 38
7.4.3 NSP Target Displacement 7.4.3 NSP Target Displacement

39 40
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7.4.3 NSP Target Displacement LIMITATION OF FEMA NSP
- - Restricted to single mode response, good for

2D response of low-rise structures in regular plan
- - Give erroneous result in case of:
- Higher mode effects
- Plan irregularities / torsion
> Use 3D Model, Modal Pushover Analysis (Chopra & Goel)

41 42
NSP menggunakan TARGET DISPLACEMENT

7.4.4 NDP NDP menggunakan GM dan NLRHA 7.4.4 NDP
ASCE/SEI 41 Generic Backbone Curve
7.4.4.1 Basis Perencanaan.
IO
LS CP
NOTE: 1.MP dipilih secara konservatif

2.MP untuk elemen berbeda mempunyai tingkat konservatisme berbeda

43 44
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Scaling to Sa_maxDir
7.4.4 NDP
2.4.3 Ground Motion Acceleration Histories sesuai SNI
dengan modifikasi faktor B1 sbb:
SNI 8899:2020
Target Spectrum:
MCER ganti dengan
BSE-1X atau BSE-2X MAXIMUM DIRECTION
(SNI 1726:2019, clause 11)
Modifier B1 is 1.0 for 5% damping

45 46
Flowchart untuk prosedur GMSM sesuai SNI 8899: 2020 Evaluation of deformation-controlled components
1.Target Spectrum
MAXIMUM
2.GMSM DIRECTION
(SNI 1726:2019
PASAL 11)
Nilai kriteria penerimaan harus disesuaikan dg ASCE41

47 48
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Assessment of concrete and steel rebar stresses

7.5 KRITERIA PENERIMAAN
in the core-wall
7.4.1 LSP
Acceptance criteria
7.5.2
7.4.2 LDP
7.4.3 NSP
Acceptance criteria
7.5.3
7.4.4 NDP
Nilai kriteria penerimaan harus disesuaikan dg ASCE41
7.5.1.2 Seluruh aksi dibagi atas aksi kontrol deformasi
atau kontrol gaya sesuai kurva gaya-deformasi gambar 7-4

49 50
DEFORMATION-CONTROLLED vs FORCE-CONTROLLED COMPONENT Kontrol Gaya versus Kontrol Deformasi

Table C7-1. Examples of Possible Deformation-Controlled and Force-Controlled Actions
Ductile Behavior Ductile Behavior Non-ductile Behavior
d≥2g e≥2g
Type 1 Curve Type 2 Curve Type 3 Curve
K. Primer DC d≥2g DC e≥ 2g Semua FC

K. Sekunder Semua FC DC f ≥ 2g DC f ≥ 2g
a Shear may be a deformation-controlled action in steel moment frame construction.

b Axial, shear, and moment may be deformation-controlled actions for certain steel and wood connections.
c If the diaphragm carries lateral loads from vertical-force resisting elements above the diaphragm level, then M and
V shall be considered force-controlled actions

51 52
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DEFORMATION-CONTROLLED vs FORCE-CONTROLLED COMPONENT

53 54
KOMPONEN PRIMER vs KOMPONEN SEKUNDER

55 56
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KOMPONEN PRIMER vs KOMPONEN SEKUNDER KOMPONEN PRIMER vs KOMPONEN SEKUNDER

57 58
7.5.1.5 Kapasitas Komponen

KOMPONEN PRIMER vs KOMPONEN SEKUNDER
Kriteria perhitungan gaya pada setiap komponen dan kapasitas deformasi
agar mengikuti pasal terkait jenis material komponen tersebut (Ps. 8-15)

59 60
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7.5.1.5 Kapasitas Komponen 7.5.1.5 Kapasitas Komponen

7.5.1.5.2 Prosedur Linear 7.5.1.5.2 Prosedur Nonlinear

61 62
7.5 KRITERIA PENERIMAAN 7.5.2 Prosedur Linear
7.5.2 Prosedur Linear LSP LDP
1.0 CP
1.3 LS atau IO
≥1.0 ≥1.0
63 64
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7.5 KRITERIA PENERIMAAN 7.5.3.2.2 Acceptance Criteria for Deformation-Controlled Actions for NSP or NDP
7.5.3 Prosedur Nonlinear NSP NDP Primary and secondary components shall have expected deformation capacities
not less than maximum deformation demands calculated at target displacements.
7.5.3.2.1 Unacceptable Response for NDP Primary and secondary component demands shall be within the acceptance
1. Analytical solution fails to converge, criteria for nonlinear components at the selected Structural Performance Level.
2. Predicted demands on deformation-controlled elements exceed the valid Expected deformation capacities shall be determined considering all coexisting
range of modeling, forces and deformations in accordance with Chapters 8 through 15
3. Predicted demands on force-controlled critical actions that are modeled
elastically, as defined in Section 7.5.3.2.3 exceed the expected element
capacity, or
7.5.3.2.3 Acceptance Criteria for Force-Controlled Actions for NSP or NDP
4. Predicted deformation demands on element actions not explicitly
modeled exceed the deformation limits at which the members are no Force-controlled components that are not explicitly included in the mathematical
longer able to carry their gravity loads. model with nonlinear force-deformation properties per Section 7.5.1.2 shall
satisfy Eq. (7-38). Lower-bound strengths shall be determined considering all
EXCEPTION: For Life Safety or lower Performance Levels, not more than one
ground motion per 11 analyses shall be permitted to produce unacceptable coexisting forces and deformations by procedures specified in Chapters 8 through
response. When a ground motion produces unacceptable response, the average 12, 14, and 15
response shall be computed as 120% of the median value, but not less than the
mean value obtained from the suite of analyses producing acceptable response .
65 66
Modeling Parameters and Numerical Acceptance Criteria for Nonlinear Procedures

7.5.3.2.3 Acceptance Criteria for Force-Controlled Actions for NSP or NDP
7.5.3.2.4 Verification of Analysis Assumptions for NSP or NDP.

In addition to the requirements in Section 7.2.14, the following verification
of analysis assumptions shall be made: Flexural plastic hinges shall not form
away from component ends unless they are explicitly accounted for in Parameter berbeda untuk balok terkendala lentur, geser,
modeling and analysis panjang lewatan tulangan atau penjangkaran tulangan

67 68
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Modeling Parameters and Numerical Acceptance Criteria for Nonlinear Procedures
225-tahun
Parameter untuk kolom terkendala panjang lewatan tulangan

69 70
225-tahun 975-tahun

71 72
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24/05/2021
LOAD PATH
975-tahun

Consulting Engineers Structural Engineers
WORKSHOP PUSKIM SEMARANG 2020
73 74
Contoh retrofit dengan isolasi dasar

Diaphragm Action
Los Angeles City Hall
Dibangun 1928 – 32 lantai
Seismic Retrofit 1998-2001
Base Isolation System

Structural Engineers
WORKSHOP PUSKIM SEMARANG 2020 Consulting Engineers
75 76
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24/05/2021
Pekerjaan rehabilitasi seismik pada LA City Hall Pekerjaan rehabilitasi seismik pada LA City Hall

77 78
www.davysukamta.com
Pekerjaan rehabilitasi seismik pada LA City Hall
Indonesia Bisa!
79 80
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24/05/2021

Padang Earthquake Mw=7.6 Jambiimprovements

Tasik Earthquake Mw=7.4 Yogya Earthquake Mw=6.3

DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS USGS

DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS

Respons inelastik untuk rancangan tahan gempa

28 September 2018, Sulawesi EQ

FEMA P-751 Cacat Bawaan yang Sering Dijumpai

Kekurangan pada Elemen

DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS

Struktur Baru vs Eksisting

DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS

EVALUATION AND RETROFIT PROCESS

Strategi Rehabilitasi Seismik Soft-story Retrofit

Pendekatan umum untuk mencapai tingkat kinerja antara lain dengan

DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS

Retrofit dengan struktur tambahan:

DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS

Retrofit dengan membungkus struktur eksisting SEISMIC PROTECTION SYSTEMS

- Seismic resistant design, fixed-base structure

- Vibration controlled structure (with dampers)

- Seismically isolated structure

DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS

DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS

Bab SUBJECT Prosedur Evaluasi dan Retrofit

DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS

Metode Analisis yang Diijinkan

Tier 2 > Prosedur Deficiency-based LSP, LDP

Tier 3 > Prosedur Sistematik LSP, LDP, NSP, NDP

- Pemilihan prosedur analisis

DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS

BATASAN PENGGUNAAN PROSEDUR TIER 1 dan TIER 2 Prosedur Analisis Tier 3

Linear Static Procedure

DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS

Ch 7.2 Persyaratan Umum Analisis Ch 7.2 Persyaratan Umum Analisis

ASCE 41-17 ASCE 41-17

7.4.3 NSP 7.4.4 NDP NLTHA

DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS

7.4.2.3.1 Modification of Demands for LDP

Untuk C1 C2 > lihat tabel 7-3

DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS

Source: Erol Kalkan & Sashi Kunnath

7.4.3 NSP MODELING

Ke effective lateral stiffness

DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS

7.4.3 NSP Target Displacement

C0 = Modification factor to relate spectral displacement of an equivalent single-degree-of-

DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS

7.4.3 NSP Target Displacement 7.4.3 NSP Target Displacement

DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS

7.4.3 NSP Target Displacement LIMITATION OF FEMA NSP

- - Restricted to single mode response, good for

> Use 3D Model, Modal Pushover Analysis (Chopra & Goel)

DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS

NSP menggunakan TARGET DISPLACEMENT

7.4.4.1 Basis Perencanaan.

NOTE: 1.MP dipilih secara konservatif

DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS

Modifier B1 is 1.0 for 5% damping

DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS

DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS

Assessment of concrete and steel rebar stresses

DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS DAVYSUKAMTA & PARTNERS