viscosity Viscosity is due to the interactions between the polymer molecules and water,

between the polymers themselves and between polymers and solids. The longer the molecules
the greater the viscosity. The interaction between the polymers, water and solids can be
disrupted by applying energy or shear. The result is that the higher the shear, the lower the
viscosity. bentonite extension The bentonite extenders work by cross-linking bentonite particles
to increase the physical interaction between particles. There is a narrow band of
concentrations which allow this cross-linking to occur, but above which a viscosity decrease may
occur. f locculants These polymers are characterised by a anionic high molecular weight which
will enable the polymer to bridge from particle to particle. The ionic groups of the polymer
will allow it to absorb strongly on the ionic sites of solids and form an aggregate. The
aggregates will settle or be removed by shakers or centrifuges. It is possible to have either
total or selective flocculation. Selective f locculation removes some of the drill solids. deflocculants
The deflocculants or thinners are usually negatively charged polymers. These products absorb
onto the edges of clay particles resulting in an overall negative charge. Deflocculants are
anionic polymers. Polymer deflocculants are shorter molecules with a greater charge density.
These characteristics facilitate adsorption onto the clay particle without causing cross-linking.
These polymers are sensitive to divalent cations and are less effective when hardness exceeds
about 400 mg/l. surfactants These are discussed in the “OBM Fundamentals” section. They are
polymers with a polar, water loving end and a non polar oil soluble end.