An Analysis of Affective Meaning On Articles in Jakarta Post Daily

AN ANALYSIS OF AFFECTIVE MEANING ON ARTICLES IN
JAKARTA POST DAILY
A THESIS
BY
DONA P. ARITONANG
REG.NO.110705103
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA
MEDAN 2017
UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

Accepted by Board of Examiners in partial fulfilment of requirements for the
vi

degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English,Faculty of Cultural
Studies University of Sumatera Utara,Medan.
The examination is held in Department Of English Faculty of Cultural Studies

University of Sumatera on April, 21st 2017
Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies
University of Sumatera Utara
Dr. Budi Agustomo,MS
NIP.196008051098703100
Board of Examiners :
Dr.Deliana,M.Hum. .........................................
NIP. 19571117 198303 2 002
Rahmadsyah Rangkuti ,M.A.Ph.D ........................................

NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002
Dr.Masdiana Lubis,M.Hum .........................................

NIP.19570626 198303 2 001
Dr.Eddy Setia,M.Ed,TESP .........................................

NIP.19570412 1984403 1 001
vii

Approved by the Department of English,Faculty of Cultural Studies University
of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination
Head, Secretary,
Dr.Deliana,M.Hum Rahmadsyah Rangkuti,MA.,PhD

NIP. 19571117 198303 2 002 NIP. 19750209 200812 1 002
viii

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I, DONA P. ARITONANG DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF
THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE THE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE
TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL
PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE FOR OR
INPART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR
AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE.NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS
BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT
OF THIS THESIS.THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE
AWARD OF THE ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.
Signed :
Date : April 21st 2017

COPYRIGHT DECLARATION
NAME :DONA P. ARITONANG
TITLE OF THE THESIS :AN ANALYSIS OF AFFECTIVE MEANING ON
............................................ .ARTICLES IN JAKARTA POST DAILY
QUALIFICATION : S-1/SARJANA SASTRA
DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH
I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR
REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH,FACULTY OF CULTURAL
STUDIES,UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE
UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS MAY AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION
UNDER THE LAW OF REPUBLIC INDONESIA.
Signed :
Date : April 21st 2017
vi

ACKNOWLEDMENT
Firstly,I want to thank to God,Jesus Christ because His bless and mercy I
could finish this Thesis.His love that he proof in the cross has made me fell blessy
and gifted.I also wants to thank for whom that helped me to compile this
thesis.Without humiliating they are.My parents, Lasmaria Tambunan and Elisker
Aritonang as the best booster in my life.Thanks for your guidance for the entire of
my life,without both of you I can not finish my education.Thanks for both of you.The
Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies,Dr.Budi Agustomo,MS,Dr.Eddy
Setia,M.Ed,TESP,my Supervisor and Drs.Chairu,M.Hum as my Co-
Supervisor.Without your attention and guidance I can not finish my Thesis.My
brothers and sisters,Maria Arta Aritonang,David Franciscus Aritonang,Dedy Rudy
Sahat Aritonang, and Ruth Aritonang.Thanks for the brotherhood and sisterhood that
have been given to me.May the God always bless you.My bestfriends,Innovative:
Nova Kristina Oppusunggu,Mesrani Tumanggor,Rinova Simanungkalit,Anna
Simbolon,Raja Guntar Simamora,Ridho Vandi Amabarita and Dani Saputra
Tarigan.May our friendship long lasting forever.I love you all.
There so many people I can not mention,I’m sorry for that.Whatever is that,I want to
thank you for all of those who has helped me to finish my lecturing.My our Lord
bless all of us,once again thank you very much
(Dona P.Aritonang)
vii

ABSTRACT
This thesis entitled ”An Analysis ofAffectime Meaning on Article in Jakarta Post
Daily”. This thesis discusses about the application of affective meaning that the
writer found in Jakarta Post Daily.Threre are positive and negative aspects that the
writer found in The Jakarta Post Daily, one example about the defamation case as
Jakarta governoor done has raises many critics from Muslims.They felt shirty about
his action to make blamesphy of Islam.This thesis uses library research which take
the data from written form one.This thesis objective are to find the examples of
affective meaning in Jakarta Post Daily and to find the application of affective
meaning in politic article news in Jakarta Post Daily
Keyword :meaning,affective,applied
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ABSTRAK
Skripsi ini berjudul “An Analysis of Affective Meaning on Article in Jakarta Post
Daily”.Skripsi ini membahas tentang pengaplikasian dari affective meaning yang
ditemukan penulis di Harian Jakarta Pos.Terdapat aspek positif dan negatif yang
ditemukan di Harian Jakarta Pos,salah satu contohnya adalah tentang Gubernur
Jakarta yang melakukan kasus penistaan yang menuai kritik dari dari umat Muslim.
Mereka merasa tersinggung dengan penistaan agama Islam.skripsi ini menggunakan
kajian pustaka yang datanya diambil darisumber tertulis.Adapun tujuan dari
penulisan skripsi ini adalah untuk menemukan contoh-contoh dari affective meaning
dalam Harian Jakarta Pos dan untuk menemukan pengaplikasian dari affective
meaning yang ditemukan di dalam Harian Jakarta Pos
Kata kunci :makna,sikap,diaplikasikan
ix

TABLE OF CONTENTS
AUTHOR’S DEDCLARATION...........................................................................v
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION...........................................................................vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT........................................................................................vii
ABSTRACT............................................................................................................viii
ABSTRAK...............................................................................................................ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS........................................................................................x
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study…............................................................ 1
1.2 Problems of the Study .................................................................... 3
1.3 Objective of the Study.................................................................... 3
1.4 Scope of the Study ......................................................................... 3
1.5 Significance of the Study .............................................................. 4
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 The Semantics Definitions ............................................................ 6
2.2 The Lietral and non-Literal Meaning ........................................... 8
2.3 The Word Meaning ....................................................................... 8
2.4 The Referentional Theory ............................................................. 10
2.5 Semantics and Reference...............................................................11
2.6 Meaning Relations..........................................................................13
2.7 Presupposition................................................................................19

2.8 The Types of Meaning by Geoffrey Leech...................................19
2.9 The Jakarta Post Daily...................................................................26
CHAPTER III :METHOD OF RESEARCH
3.1 Research Design ............................................................................. 30
3.2 Data Collection............................................................................... 31
3.3 Data Analysis ................................................................................. 31
3.4 Data and Source Data ..................................................................... 32
CHAPTER IV :ANALYSIS AND FINDING
4.1 Analysis .......................................................................................... 33
4.2 Finding ........................................................................................... 39
CHAPTER V :CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion ..................................................................................... 40
5.2 Suggestion ...................................................................................... 41
REFERENCES ........................................................................................................ 43
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1.Background of the Study
How the language over comes has been researched for a long time by the
scientists in language or linguists. Language as the object study of the linguistics is
emerged unknown. Eventhough the scientists has researched the developing of the
baby born language. The process of baby language untill they can talk with the other
people especially their parents.
Linguistics plays important roles in the daily needs. It is because linguistics
gives us the comprehension about language, the best and the only one
communication thing in human lifes. Whether is because the casualities, people
regarded language as walking or breathing they do not pay attention to it. In his
dialogue Cratylus(427-347) Plato discuss about the emerging of language, especially
when a thing is need based on the special characters or it is just consensus. That
dialogue gives us one debate that lasted for almost in a century, the dialogue about
the Analogues and Anomalist.
The Analogues believe that language can be researched from its form that
they call it etymology. For example the word blackbird that consist of the word black
and bird. That animal was named because it is an animal and it is black that make
the animal called blackbird (Bloomfield:2).

Linguistics consist of five element that relates each other. They are
Phonology, Morphology, Syntax, Pragmatics and Semantics. All of five parts of this
pure linguistics cannnot be separate each other. Five of them talk about language,
whether how the word sounded, how the word became one and another of it, how the
word stuctured in a sentence, how the word meant in unparticular sentence and how
the word meant in lexical meaning or the other word meaning.
Semantics as the branch of linguistics that studies meaning which contained
in a sentence or words. Muchtar (2011:3) says for almost half of century, semantics
is the is the subject of history studies. But it has changed in 1930 because semantics
has oriented in descriptive semantics. In that time there were two views about
descriptive semantics. First view regarded word as asign and the second views
regarded language as a whole system, that is as element structured including word
that relates each other.
The researches in semantics aspects shows three impressions in semantics
field. Muchtar (2011:3) says first, semantics starts to be interested by the linguist
since the publication of Leonard Bloomfield’s book, Language that was very
interested in linguistics field in 1933. Second, needs to notice for the developing of
semantics it has to develop its balance of field study. The third, semantics has
discover point of field study, such as linguistics, philosophy, psychology,
anthropology, informatics theory, stylistics, and other linguistics branch. Therefore,
semantics has a point as meaning aspects, that are interesting to be studied.
According to Geoffrey Leech (1981) a linguist, meaning has seven types,
five of them are included in associative meaning. There are conceptual meaning,

thematic meaning, and associative meaning (social meaning, affective meaning,
reflective meaning, collocative meaning,and thematic meaning).
If we know the affective meaning or phrase of a word, we would like to
determine our reactions to something that are talking about. After determine our
reaction the next step that need to do is planning. It means our attitude towards
something also important in aim get the bigger benefit. In this paper the writer wants
to discuss about affective meaning that I analyse and take from Jakarta Pos Daily.
The writer chose that kind of meaning because it is the most interesting one and very
valuable to disscuss and analyse. And about that newspaper, the writer chose it
because that newspaper is published every day that means the news is the newest
and it is written in english eventhough that newspaper published in Indonesia. Also
that newspaper is valuable and easy to read and understand.
1.2.Problem of the Study
Problem of the study contents about what the paper disscuss about that
written in the interrogative form or question one.In this paper the problems of study
are :
1.What are the examples of affective meaning found in articles in Jakarta Post
Daily?
2.How are the affective meaning applied in politic articles news in Jakarta Post
Daily?

1.3.Objective of the Study
Objective of the study is the aim that the writer compile that paper in the
writing process of the paper or the thesis.
1.To find out the example of affective meaning applied in politic news article in
Jakarta Post Daily?
2.To explain the use of Affective meaning app;lied in politic news article in the
Jakarat Post Daily?
1.4.Scope of the Study
Scope of study is the limitation of the disscussion of the paper by the writer.
In this paper, the writer will discuss the using of affective meaning in the Jakarta
Post Daily. The writer will limit the research about the affective meaning by Leech
that found in Jakarta Post Daily
1.5. Significance of the Study
The Sifnificance of study contents about the utility of the research writing or the
paper.
1. The readers will know much about the study of meaning of a word,especially
the affective meaning.
2. The readers will much know how to take a decision based someone
attitudes,relate about meaning in the affective one.

3. The reader will know a little about linguistics study,especially in semantics.

CHAPTERII
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1 Definitions of Semantics
Review of literature is the review about the paper that include the current
knowledge about the paper and it is in the methodological theory about particular
topic. Literature review uses secondary sources and do not report new or original
experimental work.
Hurford (1983:1) says semantics is the study of meaning in language. For us
the meaning can be vague, unimportant and hard to understand that it is impossible to
come to any clear, concrete and tangible conclusion about it. The words that we use
can be a concrete meaning depends on what our aim when we use that words or
sentence which commonly we call it language.
Chaer (1994:292) says makna denotatif ialah makna asli, atau makna yang
sebenarnya yang dimilki oleh sebuah leksem.
In this point, denotative meaning is the real meaning of the word or can be
said that the denotative meaning is the lexical meaning of the word itself. Denotative
meaning is the pure meaning of that word not the implicature meaning that the word
has in it.
Verhaar (1996:385) says deiksis adalah sifat semantis sedemikian rupa
sehingga dimensi referensial kata tergantung dari identitas penutur.

6

The comment that the writer give in this quotation is that deixis or pointing
via language is the refference of the spoken language of the semantic meaning of the
word.
Bloomfield (1993:411) says inovasi-inovasi yang mengubah makna leksikal
dan bukan fungsi gramatikal suatu bentuk, diklasifikasikan sebagai perubahan
makna atau perubahan semantis.
Nowadays we know that semantic changes in the form of language is just the
changes of the use of the language that systematically relates each other.
Saedd (1997:3) says Semantics is the study of meaning communicated
through language. The basic of the semantic as showing how people communicate
meanings with pieces of language. Clearly, if a speaker can make up new sentences
and these sentences are understood, then they obey the semantics rules of the
language. So the meanings of the sentences can not be listed in a lexicon like the
meanings of words, they must be created by rules of combination too.Semanticists
often describe this by saying that the sentence meaning is is compositional. This
terms means that the meaning of an expression is determined by the meaning of its
component parts and the way which they are combined.
These three terms are used to describe different levels of language. The most
concrete is utterance:an uttrance is created by speaking or writing a piece of
language.
Sentences, on the other hand,are abstract grammatical elements obtained from
utterances.

They are abstracted or generalised from actual language use. It might be
caused by pitch level between women and children, style in accent and phonetics
levels that every person is really different.
One further step of the abstraction is possible for special purposes : to
identify propositions. In trying to estabilished rules of valid deductions, logical
discovered that certain elements of grammatical informations of sentences were
irrelevant.
For example the difference between active and passive sentence :
1. Caesar invaded Gaul
2. Gaul was invaded by Caesar.
Both sentence are true, propositions need to make the sentences fair and correct
at all. If the first sentence is true then the same with the second sentence. The
propositions just to make the different forms of the sentence.
2.2 The Literal and non-Literal Meaning
This distinction is assummed in many semantics texts but attempting to define it
soon leads us into some difficult and theory-laden decisions ( . The basic instinctions
seem a common sense one, distinguishing between instances where the speaker
speaks in neutral, factually accurate way, and instances where the speaker
deliberately describe something in untrue or impossible in terms in order to achieve
special effects. This is happened when you missed your lunch, sentence 1 happened
in literally and sentences 2 - 4 in non-literally.
1. I’m hungry

2. I’m starving
3. I could eat the horse
4. My stomach thinks my throath’s cut
Non-literal uses of language are traditionally called figurative and are described
by a host of rhetorical terms including metaphor, irony, metonymy, synecdoche,
hyperbole and litotes. For one thing, one of the ways language change over time is
the speakers shifting the meanings of words to fit new conditions. One such shift is
by metaphorical extension, where some new idea is depicted in terms of something
more familiar. Such people as an integral part of human categorization : a basic way
of organizing our thoughts about the world. Here below the identifications of
metaphorical uses in cluster 1.
1. You’re wasting my time.
This gadget will save you hours.
I don’t have time to give you.
How do you spend your time these days?
That flat tire cost me an hour
I’ve invested a lot time in her.
In this cluster,the time is equal with the money,because there is proverb ‘time
is money’ so time same as money it could be spent too.

2.3 The Word Meaning
Word is defined in parts by its relations with other words in language. The
word meaning or lexical semantics aims; to represent the meaning of each word in
language and to show how the meanings of words in language interrelated. Word
meaning is the accepted meaning of a word. Word meaning has played a somewhat
marginal role in early contemporarry philosophy of language,which was primarily
concerned with the structural features of sentences and showed less interest in the
format of lexical representations and in the nature of word-level input to
compositional processes.
Nowadays,it is well estabilished that the way we account for word meaning is
bound to have a major impact in tipping the balance in favor or against a given
picture of the fundamental properties of human language. This entry provides an
overview of the way issues related to lexical meaning have been explore in analytic
philosophy and a summary of relevant research on the subject neighboring scientific
domains. Though the main focus will be on philosophical problems,contributions
from linguistics,psychology,neuroscience and artificial intelligence will also be
considered, since research on word meaning is highly interdisciplinary.
2.4 The Referential Theory
The referential theory holds that a linguistics sign derives its meaning from it
refers to something in reality. This suggests that language is a system arbitrary vocal
symbols used for human communication. For example, word like a fish,man are
meaningfull in that they each refer to an individual or a collection of living beings
10

existing in reality. This theory holds that language in general,and words in particular,
are only an icon (or representation) from an actual thing or form is being symbolised.
2.Semantics Sense and Reference
The distinction between sense and reference was an innovation of the German
philosopher and mathematicianGottlob Frege in 1892, reflecting the two ways he
believed a singular term may have meaning. The reference (or "referent") of a proper
name is the object it means or indicates , its sense is what the name expresses. The
reference of a sentence is its truth value, its sense is the thought that it
expresses.Frege justified the distinction in a number of ways.
1. Sense is something possessed by a name, whether or not it has a reference.
For example, the name "Odysseus" is intelligible, and therefore has a sense,
even though there is no individual object (its reference) to which the name
corresponds.
2. The sense of different names is different, even when their reference is the
same. Frege argued that if an identity statement such as "Hesperus is the
same planet as Phosphorus" is to be informative, the proper names flanking
the identity sign must have a different meaning or sense. But clearly, if the
statement is true, they must have the same reference. The sense is a 'mode of
presentation', which serves to illuminate only a single aspect of the referent.
2.2.1 Sense
First, if the entire significance of a sentence consists in its truth value, it
follows that the sentence will have the same significance if we replace a word of the
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sentence with one having an identical reference, for this will not change the truth
value of the sentence The reference of the whole is determined by the reference of
the parts. If 'the evening star' has the same reference as 'the morning star', it follows
that 'the evening star is a body illuminated by the Sun' has the same truth value as
'the morning star is a body illuminated by the Sun'. But someone may think that the
first sentence is true, but the second is false, and so the thought corresponding to the
sentence cannot be its reference, but something else, which Frege called its sense.
Second, sentences which contain proper names that have no reference cannot
have a truth value at all. Yet the sentence 'Odysseus was set ashore at Ithaca while
sound asleep' obviously has a sense, even though 'Odysseus' has no reference. The
thought remains the same whether or not 'Odysseus' has a reference. Furthermore, a
thought cannot contain the objects which it is about. For example, Mont Blanc, 'with
its snowfields', cannot be a component of the thought that Mont Blanc is more than
4,000 metres high. Nor can a thought about Etna contain lumps of solidified lava.
Frege's notion of sense is somewhat obscure, and neo-Fregeans have come up with
different candidates for its role.
Accounts based on the work of Carnap and Churchtreat sense as an intension,
or a function from possible worlds to extensions. For example, the intension of
‘number of planets’ is a function that maps any possible world to the number of
planets in that world. John McDowell supplies cognitive and reference-determining
roles. Devitt treats senses as causal-historical chains connecting names to referents.
2.2.2 Reference
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Reference means to refer something in the real world. There are several
topics involved the reference :
a.Inference : Sometimes, inference is needed to identify what is speakers refering
to.For example, when we he hear I played some Chopin on the piano, we can infer
that ‘some Chopin’ refers to works by Frederick Chopin.
b.Anaphora : It occurs when we refer back to something previously mentioned. Take
the following example :
I saw a strange guy last night.He was wearing T-shirt with the Wikibooks logo.I tried
waving,but he didn’t respond.
The anaphora expressions he and the guy both refer back to the strange guy.
2.6 Meaning Relations
It is how meanings relate to each other. There are a number of different types
of meaning relation. They are :
a. Homonymy
Homonyms are unrelated senses of the same phonological word .Some
authors distinguish between homographs, senses of the same written word,and
homophones,senses of the same spoken words. Here we will generally just use the
term homonym. We can distinguish different types depending syntatctic behaviour
and spelling, for example :
1..lexeme of the same syntactic category, and with the same spelling,for example lap
‘circuit of a course’ and lap ‘part of the body when we sitting down’
13

2.of the same category,but with different spelling,for example the word ring with
wring.
b. Polysemy
There is traditional distinction made in lexicology between homonymy and
polysemy. Both deal with multiple senses of the same phonological word, but
polysemy is invoked if the senses are judged to be related, This is an important for
lexicographers in the design of their dictionaries, because polisemoussenses are
given separate entries. Lexicographers tend to use criteria of ‘relatedness’ to identify
polysemy. These criteria include speakers’ intuitions and what is known about the
historical developments of the items. We can take an example of the distinctions
from Collins English Dictionary where shows various senses of hook are terated as
polysemy and therefore listed under one lexical entry:
1. hook(hʊk) n.1.a piece of material, usually metal, curved or bent and used to
suspend, catch, hold, or pull something 2.short for fish hook 3.a trap or snare
4.Chiefly U.S.something that attracts or intended to be attraction.5.something
resembling a hook in design or use.6.a sharp bend or angle in geological
formation,esp. a river.b. a sharply curved spit of land.7.Boxing: a short swinging
blow delivered from the side with the elbow bent.8.Cricket.a shot in which the ball is
hit square on the leg side with the bat held horizontally.10.Surfing.the top of
breaking wave,etc.
14

c. Synonimy.
Synonyms are different phonological words which have the same or very
similar meanings .Some examples might be pairs below :
Couch/sofa boy/lad lawyer/attorney toilet/lavatory large/big
d. Opposites (Antonymy)
In traditional termnology,antonyms are words which opposite in meaning. It
is useful, however, to identify several different types of relationship under more
general label of opposition. There are number of relations which seem to involve
words which are at the same time related in meaning yet incompatible or contrasting
we list some of the words below :
Dead/alive (of e.g animals)
Pass/fail (test)
Hit/miss(target)
e. Hyponymy
Hyponymy is a relation of inclusions. A hyponym includes the meaning of
more geeneral word.
1.Dog and cat are hyponym of animal
2.Sister and mother are hyponym of woman
15

The more general term is called superordinate or hypernym (alternatively
hyperonym). Much of the vocabulary is linked by such systems of inclusion, and the
resulting of semantic networks form the hierarchical taxonomous mentioned above.
Some taxonomies reflect the natural world,like 1. Where we only expand a single
line of the network.
1.
bird
crow hawk duck etc
kestrel sparrowhawk etc.
Here kestrel is a hyponym of hawk, and hawk a hyponym of bird. We assume
the relationship is transitive so that kestrel is hyponym of bird.
16

f. Meronymy
Meronymy is a term used to describe a part-whole relationship between
lexical items. Thus cover and page are the meronyms of book.We can identify this
relationship by using sentence frames like X is part of Y,or Y has X as in A page is
part of book, or book has pages. Meronymy reflects hierarchical classification in the
lexicon somewhat in taxonomies : a typical system might be:
1. car
wheel engine window etc.
piston valve etc
g..Member of Collection
This is a relationship between the word for a unit and the usual word for
collection of the units. Example include :
17

Ship
Tree fleet
Fish shoal
Book library
Bird flock
Sheep flock
Worshipper congregation
h. Portion- mass
This is the relation between a mass noun and the usual unit of measurement
or division. For example in 2.16 below the unit, a count noun is added to mass noun,
making the resulting noun phrase into a count nominal.
Drop of liquid
Grain of salt/sand/wheat
Sheet of paper
Lump of coal
strand of hair
18

2.7.Presupposition
A presupposition is refers to what assumed by the speaker and/or assumed by him to
be known to the hearer before she or he makes the utterance. Such semantic
pressupposition can be defined as truth relation. As in the following example, if
someone utters (a) then he or she must presuppose (b); otherwise he or she utters
nothing but nonsense:
(a) Mary’s dog is barking
(b) Mary has a dog
2.8. The types of meaning by Geoffrey Leech
Geoffrey Leech (1936-2014) wrote his book that was influencing ,Semantics
in 1974 and in his book he proposed the seven types of meaning. Five of which are
included in the associative meaning, they are as follows:
2.8.1.Conceptual or Denotative Meaning
Conceptual meaning is also called logical or cognitive meaning.It is the basic
propositional meaning which corresponds to the primarily dictionary definition.Such
a meaning is stylistically neutral and objective as opposed to other kinds of
associative meaning.
Conceptual meanings are the essential or core meaning while other six types
are peripheral.It is peripheral in as sense that it is non-essential.They are stylisticcally
marked and subjective kind of meanings.Leech gives primacy to conceptual meaning
19

because it has sophisticated organizaton based on the principle of contrastiveness and
hierarchical structure.
E.g. Boy=+human+male-adult
Conceptual meaning is the literal meaning of the word indicating the idea or concept
to which it refers.The concept is the minimal unit that we call ‘sememe’.As we
define phoneme on the basis binary contrast,similarly we can define sememe
‘Woman as = +human+female+adult.If any of these attribute changes the concept
cease to be the same.
Conceptual meaning deals with the core meaning of expression.It is the
denotative or literal meaning.It is essential for the functioning of the language.
The organization of conceptual meaning is based on two structural principles-
Contrastiveness and the principle of the structure.The conceptual meanings can be
studied typically in terms of constrastive features.The aim of conceptual meaning is
to provide an appropriate semantic representation to a sentence or statement.A
sentence is made of abstract symbols.Conceptual meaning helps us to distinguisg one
meaning of other sentences.Thus, conceptual meaning is an essential part of
language.A language essentially depends on conceptual meaning for
communication.The conceptual meaning is the base for all others types of meaning.
2.8.2 Connotative Meaning
Connotative meaning is the communicative value of an expression over and
above its purely conceptual content. It is something that goes beyond more referent
of a word and hints at its attributes in the real world. It is something more than the
dictionary meaning. Thus purely conceptual content of ‘woman is+

20

human+female+adult’ but the psychological connotations could be ‘gregarious’
,’having maternal instinct’ or typical (rather than invariable) attributes of
womanhood such as ‘babbling’,experience in cookery’ etc. Still further connotative
meaning can embrace puttative properties of a referent due to wiewpoint adopted by
individual,group,or society as a whole. So in the past woman was supposed to have
attributes like frail,prone to tears,emotional,irrigational,inconstant,cowardly,etc. as
well as more positive qualities such gentle,sensitive,compassionate,hardworking
,etc. The boundary between conceptual ans connotative seems to be
analogous.Connotative meaning is regarded as incidental,comparatively unstable, in
determinant,open ended,variable according to age,culture and individual,whereas
conceptual meaning is not like that.It can be codified in terms of limited symbols.
2.8.3. Social Meaning
The meaning conveyed by the piece of language about the social context of its
use is called the social meaning.The decoding of a text is dependent on our
knowledge of stylistics and other variations of language.We recognise somewords or
pronunciationas being dialectical as telling us something about the regional or social
origin of the speaker.Social meaning is related to thesituation in which an utterance
is used.
It is concerned with the social circumstances of the use of a linguistic
expression.For example,some dialectic words inform us about the regional and social
background of the speaker.In the same way,some stylistic usages let us know
something of the social relationship between the speaker and the hearer.
21

For example :”I ain’t done nothing’
The line tells us about the speaker is probably a black American,underprivilaged and
uneducated.
Stylistics variation represents the social variation.This is because styles show
the geographical region social class of the speaker.Style helps us to know about the
period,field and status of the discourse.Some words are similar to the others as far as
their conceptual meaning is concerned.But they have different stylistic meaning.For
example,’steed’,’horse’ and ‘nag’ are synonymous.They all mean akind of animal
.But they differ in style and so have various social meaning.’Steed’ is used in
poetry;’horse’ is used in general,while’nag’ is slang.
2.8.4 Affective Meaning
For some linguists it refers to emotive association or effects of words evoked
in the reader,listener.It is what is conveyed about personal feelings or attitude
towards the listener.
In affective meaning,language is used to express personal feelings or attitude to the
listener or to the subject matter of this course.For Leech affective meaning refers to
what is convey about the feeling and the attitude of the speak though use of language
(attitude to listener as well as attitude to what he is saying ).Affective meaning is
often conveyed through conceptual,connottative content of the words used.
For example : “ You are a vicious tyrant and a villanous reprobation and I hate
you”
22

Or “ I hate you,you idiot”
We are left with a little doubt about the speakers feelings towards the
listener.Here the speaker seems to have a very negative attitude towards his
listener.This is called affective meaning.But very often we are more discreet
(cautious) and convey our attitude indirectly.
For example : “ Iam terribly sorry but if would be so kind as to lower your voice
a little”
Conveys our irritation in a scaled down manner for the sake of
politeness.Intonation and voice quality are also important here.Thus the sentence
above can be uttered in bitting sarcasm and the impression of politeness maybe
reversed while- “Will you belt up?” can be turned into playful remark between
intimates if said with the intonation of a request.
Words like darling,sweetheart or hooligan,vandal have inherent emotive
quality and they can be used neutrally.
2.8.5 Reflected Meaning
Reflected meaning and collocative meaning involve interconnection.At the
lexical level of the language,reflected meaning arises when a word has more than one
conceptual meaning or multiple conceptual meaning.In such cases while responding
to one sense of the word we partly respond to another sense of the word too.Leech
says in church service’the comforther and the Holy Ghost’ refer to the third in
Trinity.They are religious words.But unconciously there is a response to their non-
23

religious too.Thus the ‘comforter’ sounds warm and comforting while the ‘Ghost’
sounds awesome or even ‘dreadful’.One sense of the word seems to rub off on
another especially through relative frequency and familiriaty.
2.8.6 Collocative Meaning
Collocative meaning is the meaning which a word acquires in the company of
certain words.Words collocate or co-occur with certain wordd only for example Big
business not large or great.Collocative meanings refers to associations of a word
because of its usual or habitual co-occurance with certain types of words.’Pretty’ and
‘handsome’ indicate ‘good looking’.
However,they slightly differ from each other because of the collocation or co-
occuraence.The word ‘pretty’ collocates with girls,woman,village,garden,flowers,etc.
On the other hand,the word ‘handsome’ collocate with ‘boys’,men etc.The
verbs ‘wander’ and ‘stroll’ are quasy-synonymous-they may have almost the same
menaning but while ‘cows may wonder into another farm’,they don’t stroll into that
farm because ‘stroll’ collocates with human subject only.Collocative meanings ned
to invoked only when other categories of meaning don’t apply.Generalizations can
be made in case of other meaning while collocative meaning is simply on special
property of individual words.Collocative meaning has its importance and it is
marginal kind of category.
24

2.8.7 Thematic Meaning
It refers to what is communicated by the way in which a speaker or a writer
organizes the message in terms of ordering focus and emphasis.Thus active is
different from passive through its conceptual meaning is the same.Various parts of
the sentence also can be used as subject,object or complement to show prominence.It
is done through focus,theme (topic) or emotive emphasis.Thematic meaning helps us
to understand the message and its implications properly.For example,the following
statements in active and passive voice have same time conceptual meaning but
different communicative values.
For example :1) Mrs. Smith donated the first prize
2) The first prize was donated by Mrs.Smith.
In the first sentence “who gave away the prize” is more important but in the
second sentence “what did Mrs. Smith gave is important”.Thus the change of focus
change the meaning also.The first suggests that we already know Mrs.Smith (perhaps
through earlier mention) its known/given information while it’s new
information.Alternative grammatical constructon also gives thematic meaning.For
example :
1).He likes Indian goods most.
2).Indian goods he likes most.
3).It is the Indian goods he likes most.
25

Like the grammatical structures,stress and intonation also make the message
prominent.For example,the contrastive stress on the word ‘cotton’ in the following
sentence give prominence to the information
1).John wears a cotton shirt
2).The kind of shirt that John wears is cotton one.
2.9.The Jakarta Post Daily
The Jakarta Post is a daily English language newspaper in Indonesia. The paper is
owned by PT Bina Media Tenggara, and the head office is in the nation's capital,
Jakarta.
The Jakarta Post was started as a collaboration between four Indonesian media under
the urging of Information Minister Ali Murtopo and politician Jusuf Wanandi. After
the first issue was printed on 25 April 1983, it spent several years with minimal
advertisements and increasing circulation. After a change in chief editors in 1991, it
began to take a more vocal pro-democracy point of view. The paper was one of the
few Indonesian English-language dailies to survive the 1997 Asian financial crisis
and currently has a circulation of about 40,000.
The Jakarta Post also features both a Sunday and Online edition, which go into detail
not possible in the daily print edition. It is targeted at foreigners and educated
Indonesians, although the middle-class Indonesian readership has increased. Noted
for being a training ground for local and international reporters, The Jakarta Post has
26

won several awards and been described as being "Indonesia's leading English-
language daily". The Jakarta Post is a member of Asia News Network.
The Jakarta Post was the brainchild of Information Minister Ali Murtopo and
politician Jusuf Wanandi. Murtopo and Wanandi were disappointed at the perceived
bias against Indonesia in foreign news sources. At the time, there were two English-
language dailies, the Indonesia Times and Indonesian Observer. However, due to
negative public perception regarding the existing papers they decided to create a new
one. In order to ensure credibility, the two agreed to convince a group of competing
newspapers (the Golkar-backed Suara Karya, the Catholic-owned Kompas, the
Protestant-owned Sinar Harapan, and the weekly Tempo) to back the nascent paper.
It was hoped to become a quality English-language paper, similar to The Straits
Times in Singapore, the Bangkok Post in Thailand, and the New Straits Times in
Malaysia.After founding PT Bina Media Tenggara to back the paper, Wanandi spent
several months contacting influential figures at the targeted newspapers. To receive
their cooperation, Kompas requested a 25 percent share in the new newspaper, for
which it would handle the daily business operations, such as printing, circulation, and
advertising. Tempo offered to assist with management in return for a 15 percent
share, while Sabam Siagian of Sinar Harapan was hired as the first chief editor, for
which Sinar Harapan received stock. The establishment of the paper was further
aided by incoming Information Minister Harmoko, who received 5 percent interest
for his role in acquiring a license. In total, the start-up cost Rp. 500 million
(US$700,000 at the time). Muhammad Chudori, a co-founder of The Jakarta Post
who formerly reported for Antara, became the newspaper's first general manager.
Further details, including the matter of Sinar Harapan's share of stock and the
27

publisher, were decided at a meeting at Wanandi's office in March 1983. The next
month, on 25 April, the first edition — totalling eight pages — was published. The
first newsroom of the new paper were located in Kompas's former laundry room, a
one story warehouse; the first employees had to do the layout by hand, using pica
poles as straight edges. During the first few months, the writers translated and
recycled previously published stories from Indonesian media, which were later
picked up by foreign wire services. Original reporting was rare as the editors at first
did not want to deal with the censorship of Suharto's New Order government.
During the early years of publication, The Jakarta Post had difficulty attracting
advertisers, to the point that some editions ran without ads. However, circulation
increased dramatically, from 8,657 in 1983 to 17,480 in 1988. Although it was
originally hoped that the paper would begin to turn a profit within the first three
years, the recession in the early 1980s led to the start-up funds being depleted.
Eventually, in 1985 the paper took out an interest-free loan and received Rp. 700
million from its owners. After advertising increased, The Jakarta Post was able to
turn a profit by 1988, and was considered "one of the most credible newspapers" in
Indonesia.
28

CHAPTERIII
METHOD OF RESEARCH
3.1 Research Design
Methodology is the systematic,theoritical analysis of the methods applied to a
field of study
In the method of research there are three kinds of them,they are library
research,field research and experimental research.Library research takes the data
from written data which specified from books,internet,magazines,newspaper and etc
.To compile this thesis,the writer use library research,by reading some book or
written data that needed to make or compile this thesis.The research is about
consulting the book or source which has relationship with the thesis and they are in
the written one.This method do not need to focus on other method because the
method that used in this paper is only library one
Research design is the plan of a research study.Research design is the
framework that has been created to seek answers to research questions. In this thesis
the writer plans to make a research of the affective maning,one from seven meaning
of which proposed by Geoffrey Leech in one of the english newspaper in Indonesia
,The Jakarta Post Daily.
The writer attempts to observe the applying of the affective meaning in the
Jakarta Post Daily. The step that will be done by the writer is select the data that
29

would be needed to compile this thesis,reads and analyses the data,points the most
important data and then compile the data one to another.
For data analysis the writer will get a newest Jakarta Post Daily ,read the news
and then translate the news in Indonesia,and then analyse them.The writer trying to
observe the using of affective meaning in this newspaper and then make or compile it
into a thesis,this thesis of course.
3.2 Data and Source of Data
In computing, data is information that has been translated into a form that is
more convenient to move or process.The data that will be discuss in this thesis are
the sentences that th writer found in Jakarta Post Daily.
In this thesis the data was taken from newspaper the Jakarta Post.The writer
taken the data from Jakarta Post Daily edition 31 October 2016, 9 November 2016,
and 19 November 2016. The writer taken the data from column news and business
3.3 Data Collection
Data collection is the process of gathering and measuring information on
targeted variables in an estabilished systemic fashion,which then enables one to
answer questions and relevant outcomes.
In this process writing of the thesis,the writer collect the data from
books,internet,magazine and newspaper .The books which borrow from the library
and the data which searching from the internet were utility and benefit to give the
30

information to compile this thesis and give some advantage for the writer as some
knowledge for the process of writing this thesis.
3.4 Data Analysis
Analysis of the data is a process of inspecting,cleaning,transforming and
modelling data with the goal of discovering useful information,suggesting
conclusions and supporting decision making.
For analysis the data,the writer take the data from The Jakarta Post Daily and
then analyse them one for one in the process to make the final conclusion.
31

CHAPTERIV
ANALYSIS AND FINDING
4.1. The analysis and the examples of affective meaning on the article in Jakarta
Post Daily
1.Police question MUI leader over Ahok’s alleged defamation case
”On Oct.11, the MUI concluded that Ahok had insulted both the Quran and
ulemas in his statement, in which he cited Al Maidah verse 51, during a visit to
Thousand Islands regency on Sept.27. This act had legal consequences, the
council said.”
In thepreviously news,the affective meaning is showed by the National Police that
promptly to investigate Ahok about the defamation case. The citation of the Qoran
which by Ahok in his speech while he visiting the Thousand Islands had caused
Muslims contemptibly and shirty . As we know, affective meaning refers to personal
reflects or attitude towards speaker,here the personal reflects is the investigation
would be done by the National Police about the citation that blamesphy Quran
espeacially Muslims in Indonesia and the speaker is Ahok that affected himself also
Muslims in Indonesia .In this case, Ahok might be undeliberated to insulted Muslims
by cite Al-Maidah that leads they react to report Ahok and investigate this case. If
only Ahok knew this ,he would not embarrased himself with this case and tried to
recpect the diversity of religion in Indonesia which known as religious tolerance
country.
32

2.Tolerant Muslims encouraged to speak up,defend harmony
Protests against Ahok developed after part of his speech, in which he cited a
verse from the Quran, was uploaded by Buni Yani, a communications lecturer,
who later admitted that he had made errors in transcribing the video he
uploaded on his Facebook page.
In the news above, the citation of a verse from Quran that has done by Ahok has
increasingly discussion that peaked to the Nov. 4 rally. His sentiment has raises
critics and pro-contra between Ahok followers and FPI. In this news,the affective
meaning appear in the Nov.4 mass rally by Islamic organizations that affected by the
speech by Ahok in which he cited one verse from Quran which raises the pro-contra
from any side of religion.Ahok should not do that action,because its speech had
caused demonstration that could be change the ideology and institutions in Indonesia
such said by Khilafah Indonesia ( Islamic Caliphate).It could be so
dangerous,because massive people could do such threating action like destroy the
resident and the public display.Therefore,we have to cautious in saying what we
would say and for most important respect our religious tolerance.
3.Indonesian coal miners remain cautious despite predicted increased in
demand.
“I doubt there will be any significant increase from 2017 to 2018, because most
of the power plant projects need two to four years before the commercial
operation date,” he told The Jakarta Post.
33

In this news, the coal miners cautious in increasing their production eventhough
the demand of the coal increasingly due to the effectively using of coal as
electrification. The affective meaning arise in the careful of the company to produce
the coal due low price and the using of the coal that is not sufficiently. The
speaker,as the coal company doesn’t have to raise their production because of the
crisis in the coal market in Indonesia. In this news, the affective meaning that acted
by the company coal is an avoiding in necessary to their company. If they stay
produce their coal between crisis they will have loss the money.
4. Myanmar’s farmers face criminal charges over land rights
When civilians flee their homes to escape conflict, militias operating under the
central government, police or local authorities usually confiscate the land, he
said.
From the news above the unpaying attention of the reign to the trouble that
happened in the Myanmar Karen’s state had affected in the loss of the land and the
resident of the farmer.They loss their land and didn’t have rights to have it back
because after they (the farmers) flee their homes,their land automatically owned by
the militia.And untill now they has not had the way out to solve it.
5.Why Americans tip waiters: A closer look at the US tipping norm.
In general, Americans tip waiters in restaurants between 15 to 20 percent of
their meal, and not giving a tip is considered rude. Not paying a tip is
considered as bad as robbing the waiter because they do not get paid much. The
question is why Americans feel it is obligatory to give tips to a waiter? Although
34

many people think that good service is the main reason for tipping, a study has
revealed that a feeling of guilt is the primary cause of high-tipping.
From the news above,the service of the waiter requires tipping from the
customer.Here,the affective meaning appear in the good service of the waiter that
needed some higher or lower tipping that doesn’t usual in Indonesia.If the customer
didn’t pay tipping for the waiter it could be categorized rude action,and we don’t
want it happened.So,if you go to USA,pay some tipping between 15-20 from the
total price of the meal.
6. Expeditionary force for Indonesian defense.
But recent events seem to have prompted Indonesia to increase its defensive
posture in the region. Several Chinese fishing boats — backed by armed coast
guard vessels — have encroached into Natuna waters, and clashed with
Indonesian security and military boats. In response, President Joko “Jokowi”
Widodo inaugurated an expansion of Natuna’s airbase at the Indonesian
Military (TNI) anniversary event last month.
The claim of the owning Natuna Land in South China Sea by China has made
Indonesia delegate TNI to defense area in there .In this news the affective meaning
shows in the delegation of the force to keep the national asset in Indonesia that
fortunately set by Indonesia’s President,Jokowi.The speaker or Indonesia now could
be safe now because the Military has keep operate in the Natuna Island to keep away
the strange boat that trying to take advantage in Indonesia’s sea area.
35

7.Artwork by Indonesian artist gets nod of approval from Marvel
A realistic pencil drawing art by 43-year-old Indonesian contemporary artist
Veri Apriyatno has been acknowledged by Marvel Studios as an artwork that
shares the same concept with their mind-bending movie Doctor Strange.
In the news above,the affective meaning of the paintings of the pencil drawing art
Studios.Here,the speaker as Marvel Studios feel that Veri’s works is matching with
the character that they looking for.His works has made him succeded as an artist in
Indonesia that influencing foreign country and company,Marvel studios that coming
from USA that has produce many cartoon and movie that inspired from the comic.
8.Indonesia,Iran pledge to improve cooperation
The agreement, which was discussed by Iran along with the United States, the
United Kingdom, France, Russia, China and Germany, allowed Iran to continue
developing its nuclear program as long as it was for peaceful civilian purposes
in return for a lift of economic sanctions on the country.
In the news,Iran celebrated its country’s anniversary by signing the agreement to
allow nuclear programs for safe condition.The affective meaning shows in the
making of agreement caused by celebrating of Iran country’s anniversary as long as
for peaceful of Iran and Indonesia take part with joining with the agreement of iran’s
country.
9.Malaysia one step closer to ammending the death penalty
36

“There are positive signs in Malaysia and a steady momentum towards possible
change in the death penalty legislation,” Nancy said.
The amending of death penalty in Malaysia is going to one step closer.The
affective meaning appears in the amending of death sentence caused by the study that
conducted by International Centre for Law and Legal Studies that give positive signs
for fixing the death penalty.
10.Evictees take up hard stance against Ahok in election
The evictees in Pasar Ikan believe that incumbent Jakarta Governor Basuki
“Ahok” Tjahaja Purnama is responsible for their misery because he was the one
who ordered the forced evictions.
The evicted that Ahok done causes many loss for evictees where they lose their
job and home.In this news the affective meaning causes the evictees did not give
their vote for Ahok because the evicted that he had done for a part of Jakarta area.
11.Final debate last chance to win voters
“This debate will be the final chance for voters to see all candidates on one
stage, imparting their solutions, visions and missions, regarding the city’s woes.
We hope that through this debate, voters will be able to single out the person
who will lead the city for the next five years,” Jakarta General Elections
Commission (KPU Jakarta) member Betty Epsilon Idroos told The Jakarta Post
on Thursday.
37

In the news above,the affective meaning showed by the debate that will
determine of the Jakartans Governoor election.The final election will be getting by
the last debate that will win voters for the three candidates for Jakartans governoor.If
every candidates prepare themselves to face the debate they will win this election.
12.IS supporters may return to thie homes scot free
The shelter has several parks where social workers take the children to play
various games and teach them to read books every day accompanied by
psychologists to ensure that they are in a stable psychological state and have not
been exposed to radical ideology by their parents.
The shelter in Bambu Apus,Jakarta has made in the reason to avoid terrorism in
Indonesia through IS.They have to live separate with Indonesian people,wich they
come from Japan,Turkey and etc.They did not allow to have an internet or other
communication tools.It is done to change their miund not to do terrorism before they
go back to their country.
4.2.Finding
In this thesis,the writer found different using of affective meaning in the news
of Jakarta Post Daily.There are positive and also negative meaning that the writer
analyse from different news.In this thesis the writer find the using of affective
meaning that could be dangerous to the future and other people,could help people to
keep their asset,to keep the force of one country,one culture and one fantastic
prestige that can’t be humiliated by us or another.The most impotant is,take the
38

positive one.Do not affected by wrong purpose and wrong source if you want the
peace keeping in your area. Respect the other if you want respected by
them.Affective meaning gives us understanding that one action can reacted different
feedback,it is our duty to keep it safe and secure.Affective meaning gives feedback
and the attitude towards them,as democratic country we have to respect them.The
annihilation of the affective meaning can make our lifes felt empty and meaningless
39

CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion.
..........Language has given many advantages to us.It gives us comprehension that
every people is really vary and different around the world inspite of the variational
of language.Every language has meaning,of course in every word or phrase has
meaning between them.It is Geoffrey Leech who has been giving the cluster of the
meaning in the seven types of meaning in his book,Semantics.He categorised
meaning in Connotative meaning,Dennotative meaning,Social meaning,Affective
meaning,Reflected meaning,Collocative and Thematic meaning.In this paper,the
writer focus on the study of affective meaning.Affective meaning is what is
conveyed about personal feelings or attitude towards the listener. Affective meaning
gives comprehension about the effect of a speaker towards the listenener.In this
thesis the writer found that every meaning gives different reaction to them.The
blashphemy of religion for example has made the Nov. 4 rally eventhough it is just
the citation of one verse in the Quran by one one of Indonesian leader.It has made
many critics and expossed towards that leader.The governoor should not do this.This
is the effectively using of affective meaning to avoid this occurance,by reacted
positively into this news (the speech of Jakarta Governoor ) and keep in the peace
way.Because negative thinking only leads into breaking of this country.
40

5.2 Suggestion
As a suggestion to this thesis,the writer wants to suggests that meaning
interpretation should be in good interpretation because the bad or wrong
interpretation could cause the defamation to another.If we found something wrong
we don’t have to judge him or her,give improvement and lead him or her to the right
way.It is good if we active and beneficial to our environment,but if our action just
worse the condition it is better stop that and keep away.Remember,keep positive
thinking do the best.
41

REFERENCES
April 2017.Sense and Reference .https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sense_and_reference
Azhar,Ridwan2008.Analysis Semantics Bahasa Melayu dialek Bandar
............Khalifah.Medan:Sekolah Pascasarjana USU
Bloomfield,Leonard.1933.Bahasa.Jakarta:PT.Gramedia Pustaka Utama.
Chaer,Abdul. 1994.Linguistik Umum.Jakarta:P.T. Rineka Cipta.
Hugher,Geoffrey.2010.Political Corretness:A History of Semantics and
...........Culture.London :John Wiley and Sons.
Hurford,James R.1983.Semantics:A Course Book.Britain:Cambridge University
...........Press.
Kreidler,Charles W.1998.Introducing English Semantics.London:Routledge.
Leech,Geoffrey.1974.Semantics.
Saeed,John I.2009.Semantics.United Kingdom:Blackwell Publishing
Saliyanti.2001.Beberapa Kejadian dalam Penyebaran dan Beberapa Macam Makna
.........dalam Bahasa Indonesia.Medan:FS USU
Salliyanti. 2003.Analisis Semantik Leksikal dan Seamntik Kalimat Bahasa
...........Minangkabau. Medan Pascasarjana USU.
Siregar,Bahren Umar.1990.Introduction to Semantics.Medan:FS USU
Sudarya I,Yaya.2008.Makna Dalam Wacana:Prinsip-prinsip Semantik dan
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Verhaar,J.W.M.1996.Asas-asas Linguistik Umum.Yogyakarta:Gajah Mada Press.
West,Michael 1967.Ageneral Service List of EnglishWord with Semantics and
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..........Technology.London:Longman.
43

APPENDIX
1.Police question MUI leader over Ahok’s alleged defamation case
The Jakarta Post
Jakarta | Mon, November 7, 2016 | 02:01 pm
The National Police are set to question Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) leader
Ma’ruf Amin as an expert witness in their investigation into religious blasphemy
allegedly committed by Jakarta Governor Basuki “Ahok” Tjahaja Purnama.
“We are scheduled to question the MUI chairman today [Monday],” National Police
spokesperson Brig. Gen. Agus Rianto said at the Criminal Investigation Department
(Bareskrim) office in the police’s headquarters in South Jakarta.
He said Ma’ruf would be questioned at the MUI office in Menteng, Central Jakarta.
On Oct.11, the MUI concluded that Ahok had insulted both the Quran and ulemas in
his statement, in which he cited Al Maidah verse 51, during a visit to Thousand
Islands regency on Sept.27. This act had legal consequences, the council said.
The police questioned Islam Defenders Front (FPI) leader Habib Rizieq as an expert
witness in Ahok’s blasphemy case on Thursday. As of Monday, the police had
summoned 12 expert witnesses comprising religion, language and criminal law
experts, in their investigation into the case.
The police have also questioned 13 witnesses, including Ahok, Thousand Islands
residents, and people who have reported the governor to the police.
As of Monday afternoon, Ahok was still undergoing questioning at the Bareskrim

office. Ahok voluntarily went to Bareskrim to clarify blasphemy accusations against
him on Oct.28.
Agus said Ahok’s questioning on Monday was to complete the information related to
his case. (ebf)

2.Tolerant Muslims encouraged to speak up, defend harmony
The Jakarta Post
Jakarta | Mon, November 7, 2016 | 02:12 pm
Interfaith activist Mohammad Guntur Romli has called on tolerant Muslims in

Indonesia to speak up and counter religion-driven sentiments against Jakarta
Governor Basuki Tjahaja "Ahok" Purnama.
Guntur said anti-Ahok sentiments, which peaked at the Nov.4 rally by Islamic
organizations against the governor’s alleged blasphemous speech, were only political
maneuvers amid the Jakarta gubernatorial election campaign but these would destroy
diversity in the country if ignored.
"Several groups out there aim to change our Constitution, which upholds our
religious harmony, into a Khilafah Islamiyah [Islamic caliphate]," the activist told
The Jakarta Post on Monday.
"Tolerant Muslims as the majority must no longer keep silent. Our Constitution has
opened the opportunity for anyone to compete in elections regardless of their
religious and racial backgrounds," he said.
Protests against Ahok developed after part of his speech, in which he cited a verse
from the Quran, was uploaded by Buni Yani, a communications lecturer, who later
admitted that he had made errors in transcribing the video he uploaded on his
Facebook page.
The video went viral and sparked public outrage, which eventually led to Nov. 4’s
mass rally by several Islamic organizations, which called on the police to conduct a
transparent legal process against Ahok over his alleged blasphemy. (ebf)
3.Indonesian coal miners remain cautious despite predicted increase in demand
The Jakarta Post
Jakarta | Mon, November 7, 2016 | 09:41 am
Despite rising coal prices and new research indicating that the country’s coal
production will begin to increase, coal miners are still doubtful the rise in demand is
enough to significantly boost domestic production in the near future.
BMI Research, a unit of Fitch Group, has predicted that Indonesia—which is among
the five largest thermal coal producing countries— will see its coal production
increase by an average 7.5 percent per year from 2017 to 2020, after suffering from a
15 percent year-on-year (yoy) decline this year.

“This will ensure the country increases its global market share from 4.2 percent in
2016 to 5.4 percent in 2020. Indonesia’s additional output will be used to meet strong
demand from a domestic pipeline of coal-fired power plants,” said the report, which
was published on Friday.
The government is currently implementing an electrification program aimed to add

35,000 megawatts (MW) in power generation capacity across the country by 2019.
Almost 20,000 MW under the program will come from coal-fired plants.
Publicly listed Bumi Resources will remain the largest coal miner in Indonesia,
according to the report.
“Through its two coal subsidiaries, Kaltim Prima Coal and Arutmin Indonesia, the
company produced 60.0 million tons of coal in the first nine months of 2015, down
7.7 percent yoy,” it said.
The report also said that India and Russia were set to increase their market shares in
thermal coal production as well, with only Russia’s additional output destined for the
seaborne market.
Other large producers, including China and the US, will slowly lose market share.
Although the report paints a pretty picture, the Indonesian Coal Mining Association
(APBI) casts some doubt on any significant increase in production for the next
couple of years.
APBI deputy director Hendra Sinadia said the electrification project was not enough
to spur production for domestic coal miners, because many power plants would not
begin operations until 2019.
“I doubt there will be any significant increase from 2017 to 2018, because most of
the power plant projects need two to four years before the commercial operation
date,” he told The Jakarta Post.
According to data from the association, coal demand for electrification stands at
around 80 million tons per year and has the potential to double by the time the
government’s electrification program is completed.
However, progress in the 35,000 MW project has been slow, and by September, data
from state-owned electricity company PLN show, that less than 1 percent of the total
35,000 MW has gone into commercial operation since the program was launched in
late 2014.
The APBI acknowledges that there has been a sudden increase in coal prices after the
coal market was badly hit for the past two years.
Reuters reported that the Asian benchmark Newcastle thermal coal price reached
US$105.81 per metric ton at the end of last month, almost 109 percent higher than at
the end of last year.

Meanwhile, Indonesia’s coal reference price (HBA) for November rose to $84.89 per
metric ton, up from $54.43 per metric ton at the same time last year.
However, the trauma of low prices might be enough to discourage mining companies
from boosting production too much, Hendra said.
“The volatility of coal prices has made companies more cautious. They are now more
psychologically hesitant, which leads to more conservative production plans despite
high prices,” he said, adding that companies that had shut down some of their mines
due to low coal prices would need several months before the mines could start
operating again.
Government data reveal that Indonesia had around 32.2 billion tons of coal reserves
in 2014.
However, another study conducted by the APBI and auditing firm

PricewaterhouseCoopers suggests that low prices make only 7.3 to 8.3 billion tons of
coal economically viable to mine.
These reserves will most likely be depleted within the next two decades, forcing the
country to start importing coal by 2030.
4.Myanmar's farmers face criminal charges over land rights
Yangon, Myanmar | Thu, November 3, 2016 | 06:43 pm
Despite the process of democratic transition, farmers in Myanmar's Karen state are
being pushed off their land and face arrest and prison for standing up for their rights,
an international watchdog reported Thursday.
A report by Human Rights Watch shed light on land confiscation in Myanmar, which
has escalated in recent years with the military and armed groups driving people from
their land. Eastern Karen state, on the border with Thailand, has been engulfed in
conflict between Myanmar's troops and ethnic rebels for more than half a century,
resulting in massive displacements of villagers.
Well-connected business owners, militia leaders, and government officials exploit

land laws and regulatory weakness to obtain land from farmers who have been long
using it, said Phil Robertson, deputy Asia Director of Human Rights Watch.
The Southeast Asian nation's 70 percent of the population live off agriculture and
depend on land for survival.
The Assistant Association for Political Prisoners, a pressure group, said that more
than 40 farmers were on trial while three have been sentenced to three to five years'
imprisonment on charges of protesting usurpation of their land rights.

They are among 98 "political prisoners" and 104 political activists on trial in
Myanmar, said Kyaw Soe, the group's assistant manager.
Aung San Suu Kyi's government, which took office more than five months ago
following five decades of military rule, has not responded to any of the particular
cases, Human Rights Watch said.
The state government in Karen did not immediately return phone calls seeking
comment on Thursday.
"The authorities has not been able to solve any of the land grab issue in Karen state
until now, because they have no powerful influence on the military or any armed
groups and this is a great loss for many farmers," said Naw Ohn Hla, a prominent
human rights defender and land rights activist.
When civilians flee their homes to escape conflict, militias operating under the
central government, police or local authorities usually confiscate the land, he said.
The government's repressive laws on freedom of expression have suppressed dissent

among farmers, who have no other form of recourse, the report said.
5.Why Americans tip waiters: A closer look at the US tipping norm
Badung | Mon, October 31, 2016 | 07:58 am
Coming from a culture where tipping is less demanding, the American tipping norm
is something new for me. In fact, my first culture shock in the US was when I
received a bill with a tip calculator telling me how much to tip based on my meal
purchase.
In general, Americans tip waiters in restaurants between 15 to 20 percent of their

meal, and not giving a tip is considered rude. Not paying a tip is considered as bad as
robbing the waiter because they do not get paid much. The question is why
Americans feel it is obligatory to give tips to a waiter? Although many people think
that good service is the main reason for tipping, a study has revealed that a feeling of
guilt is the primary cause of high-tipping.
Taylor Smith, a waiter at a restaurant in Boulder, Colorado, argues that customers tip
because they receive good service from the waiters. She thinks that customers will
tip more if the waiter does a good job. She further explains that young people like
herself tend to tip less than older people because they normally do not have much
money. She believes that tipping involves a lot of human psychology. Everyone
wants a different kind of service, and they have different criteria for what constitutes
good service. Their tips will vary regardless of the waiter’s performance.
However, Michael Lynn, a professor at Cornell’s School of Hotel Administration and

a former waiter at Pizza Hut, has another explanation. Americans tip waiters because

they feel guilty about having people wait on them. His theory, which is also an idea
introduced by anthropologist George Foster, works when Americans are having more
fun than the person waiting on them. Waiters at a restaurant or a bar offer a good
example. They are busy working while the customers enjoy the meal they serve. This
theory reveals why Americans do not tip shop clerks or those who work at the post
office; the customers are not having more fun than the servers.
In his research, Lynn also found that good service and high-tipping have a weak
relationship. That is, customers do not give good tips to waiters just because they get
good service. He further explains that the quality of serving has the same effect with
what the weather looks like and how the customers feel that day. Even if a server
makes a mistake like spilling water on the customer’s table, he will still likely get a
tip of at least 15 percent of the meal price.
Tipping is unpredictable. Common sense suggests that the better the quality of
service, the higher the tip. Although this fact is true to a certain degree, according to
the study, the quality of the service is not comparable to feelings of guilt. A very
important takeaway from the study is that waiters should always do their jobs at their
best and be grateful when they get high tips. On the other hand, they should not be
discouraged when they get low tips because it does not necessarily mean that they
provided poor service.
6. Expeditionary force for Indonesian defense
Jakarta | Fri, November 4, 2016 | 07:35 am
Most recent discussions of regional security in Southeast Asia center on the ongoing
tension in the South China Sea. China’s apparent assertiveness in expressing its
claim to this region has raised concerns with Southeast Asian countries bordering
this strategic spot.
Indonesia, which controls the Natuna Islands in the southern end of the sea, keeps its
distance from the dispute and tries to serve as an honest broker to keep the area
peaceful and secure.
But recent events seem to have prompted Indonesia to increase its defensive posture
in the region. Several Chinese fishing boats — backed by armed coast guard vessels
— have encroached into Natuna waters, and clashed with Indonesian security and
military boats. In response, President Joko “Jokowi” Widodo inaugurated an
expansion of Natuna’s airbase at the Indonesian Military (TNI) anniversary event last
month.
Thanks to the improvements, Natuna can now host a larger contingent of military
forces when security tension escalates. Such forces may include soldiers and
marines, with support from naval ships, aircraft and helicopters, to patrol the islands
and its surrounding battle space.
Despite building the infrastructure, a question remains. At the strategic level, what
would be required of TNI to respond to challenges given the country’s geographical

contour, especially at its door-step, such as in Natuna, Nunukan and Morotai?
Expanding on the notion of archipelagic defense (Krepinevich, 2015), TNI could

utilize Indonesia’s unique geography in developing the strategy. It primarily thrusts
its deterrence through denial, where the adversary’s intention to control or occupy a
maritime region through force is denied by an interlocking and mutually reinforcing
chain of air, sea and ground forces.
Utilizing this concept, TNI could deploy its tri-service assets along the string of
islands in the archipelago. These combined sea, air and ground operations would
entail deployment of surveillance, patrol and strike forces, as well as transportation
assets that would sustain the operations.
Using the Natuna Islands as an example, the army and marine elements would
defend the island from an amphibious assault force and man artillery and missile
batteries to harass an approaching naval fleet. The navy ships would conduct patrols
against surface combatants and submarine intrusions. Aircraft would comb the
horizon for any incoming force and would deny any attempt at air supremacy in the
area.
The ships and planes could be based in either Pontianak or Batam, where there is
more support capability for naval and air operations. In turn, these two bases would
be supported by reinforcement from the main bases in Java or Sumatra.
Such patterns could be replicated for securing the Strait of Makassar from Nunukan
and Tarakan, and similarly for the defense of the Moluccas from the hub in Morotai.
These interlocking forces in the islands, though, are just one of the necessary pillars
to successfully implement the archipelagic defense. The other essential pillar for this
to be effective is the military capability — also known as expeditionary capability —
to move and sustain those combat forces, especially for soldiers on the ground in
those outermost islands.
As such, it is as critical to assess the Indonesian military’s expeditionary capability

as to measure its more menacing combat forces. This would be through examining
TNI’s organizational posture, as well as the primary assets — transport vessels,
aircraft and helicopters — in fulfilling such capability.
Although all military operations are directed from the TNI headquarters as joint
operations by utilizing various forces from the three services, seamless tri-service
combined operations could be very challenging due to a lack of regular joint training
among TNI’s units.
The challenge is especially compounded for the expeditionary units as their training
regimen mostly depends on all-arms exercises rather than specific exercises for them.
A robust and sustainable train of reinforcement and logistics is essential for the
archipelagic defense to be effective.

Furthermore, a deeper look at TNI’s expeditionary assets (The Military Balance,
2016) reveals a concerning shortcoming that could strain operations. Quantitatively,
the naval, army and air force transportation assets are limited in being able to support
operations in multiple theaters along the country’s border. Moreover, the assets are
subject to constraints such as the lack of maintenance and limited supply and crew
capability, which reduce operations.
The naval amphibious vessels are the primary means for TNI’s expeditionary force.
From these ships, marines assault beaches and sustain them for the fight. They also
maintain logistical train to reinforce and resupply the troops on the ground. The
bigger ships also can launch helicopters for expanding the marine’s operational area.
Currently, if using all its ships at one time, the Indonesian navy can deliver about
one-and-a-half marine or army brigades with their associated tanks and artillery.
Considering operational cycles, the most that the ships can transport at any one time
is around one brigade of 2,000 troops.
As this capacity must be divided to allow for support of at least three outposts in the
sprawling archipelago, the navy could move only about a battalion to a theater. That
is indeed only a limited reinforcement for the island defenders.
From the air, the mainstay of TNI’s airlift is provided by 15 Hercules medium
transport aircraft. They can drop paratroopers from their bases in Java into the
outposts even with only a rough landing strip.
When all of them are operational, a brigade of paratroopers can be delivered to a

location. Due to operational constraints, though, only about a battalion of 600 troops
can be transported at one time to a location, which is, again, a limited transportation
capacity.
Another critical airlift and logistical asset is the helicopter fleet, which can be
stationed in forward bases –such as Pontianak – for reinforcement of logistical
sustenance of troops in the outpost. The air force depends on Super Puma for this
purpose, and the army utilizes the Russian-made Hip helicopter. Both are of the
medium-lift type.
Their limited lift capacity and operational endurance, however, hamper the necessary
reach to maintain the interlocking quality of archipelagic defense. For this critical
purpose, TNI needs heavy-lift helicopters with greater payload and range capability.
Moreover, as these helicopter fleets would be the main artery in this strategy, their
operational readiness must be at the highest level, which can be obtained through
extensive crew training, proper maintenance and reliable supply of parts. Our
soldiers and marines depend on this logistical train as provided by the expeditionary
force. They are the critical link in erecting Indonesia’s archipelagic defense chain.
We need those ships, aircraft and helicopters now.

7.Artwork by Indonesian artist gets nod of approval from Marvel
The Jakarta Post
Jakarta | Mon, November 7, 2016 | 11:14 am
A realistic pencil drawing art by 43-year-old Indonesian contemporary artist Veri

Apriyatno has been acknowledged by Marvel Studios as an artwork that shares the
same concept with their mind-bending movie Doctor Strange.
Exhibited for one week at Kota Kasablanka shopping mall in South Jakarta, Height
Ways portrays multiple Veri who is walking on a tightrope above a city, almost
similar to one of the scenes in the movie. In front of the drawing there is a replica of
the tightrope made out of iron, where people can walk on it as if they are strolling
above a city. “People can try it so they can experience the sensation,” Veri told The
Jakarta Post on Saturday.
Indonesian contemporary artist Veri Apriyatno is seen trying out a tightrope replica
in front of his artwork, 'Height Ways' at Kota Kasablanka shopping mall in South
Jakarta.(JP/Ni Nyoman Wira)
Height Ways is part of Veri’s renowned series introduced in 2011, "Hyper

Selfie". The series, which took him two years to finish, consists of 25 artworks where
he becomes the center in each of them, which is showcased in his solo exhibition at
Emmitan Contemporary Art Gallery in Surabaya, East Java.
When creating Height Ways, taking around two months, Veri asked his friend to take
photos of him walking on a railroad. “Everything was drawn by pencil in a detailed
way,” he said, adding that the one being displayed was actually a resized print
version since the actual piece was around 2 by 1 meters.
Later on, Veri, who is also a Marvel enthusiast, met with the representatives of the
company. “As far as I know Disney Marvel likes to collaborate with local artists.
They are looking for artists whose artwork resembles their concept,” he said. “Height
Ways was chosen because it is closest to their concept among others.”
The artwork has a quite interesting philosophy. “I want to feel like I can be in many
places, but I have to split myself in two,” Veri said. “The point is we need to delegate
[our tasks] to other people, that is how we [actually] split ourselves, therefore we can
do as many tasks as we want.”
Unlike other artists who are usually shy to put themselves in the spotlight, Veri often
features himself as the object of his drawing series. “I found a philosophy [from
there] that if we want to know God, we have to know ourselves first. It means that
you don't need to search for God everywhere, but inside of you,” he said.
As for his forthcoming object, Veri plans to create encaustic (hot wax) paintings and
post the tutorial on his YouTube channel. (kes)

8.Indonesia, Iran pledge to improve cooperation
Iran celebrated its 38th anniversary of the victory of the Islamic Revolution of 1979
by rejoicing in what it called a new era of Iranian development, following the lifting
of unilateral sanctions against the Gulf power.
Iranian Ambassador to Indonesia Valiollah Mohammadi Nasrabadi welcomed the

successful results of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) agreement on
the Iranian nuclear program after talks held in Vienna on July 14.
Speaking during the reception of the anniversary at his residence in Jakarta on

Thursday, Nasrabadi pronounced Iran as a “stable and safe” and ripe with good
opportunities to cooperate and invest in the economic sector, while also calling
Indonesia an old friend that had been singled out as one of a few countries with high
potential for bilateral cooperation.
The agreement, which was discussed by Iran along with the United States, the United
Kingdom, France, Russia, China and Germany, allowed Iran to continue developing
its nuclear program as long as it was for peaceful civilian purposes in return for a lift
of economic sanctions on the country.
Meanwhile, Agrarian and Spatial Planning Minister Sofyan Djalil, who represented
the government of Indonesia, delivered a keynote speech highlighting the
possibilities of closer cooperation between the two countries.
Sofyan noted weakening trade relations between the two partners over the past few
years, but resolved to find opportunities to reverse the trend in key areas of
cooperation, including in energy, oil and gas, electricity, technology and agriculture.
He also noted the possibility of better bilateral cooperation following the

achievement of the JCPOA on the Iranian nuclear program.
“I’m optimistic that the trade volume could be increased in the coming years, since
the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action has been reached by the P5+1 countries,”
Sofjan said at the reception.
Indonesia and Iran’s trade balance stood at US$221.31 million between January and
October last year, roughly $10 million lower than that recorded in the same period in
2015, and still below $273.09 million — the total twoway trade in 2015.
In December, President Joko “Jokowi” Widodo met with Iranian President Hassan
Rouhani and a number of business delegates during his two-day state visit to the
Persian Gulf country.
Among the luminaries spotted at the reception were envoys to Jordan, Morocco,
Afghanistan, as well as a number of ambassadors from European and Asian
continents.

High-profile national figures also featured at the intimate garden party setting, such
as House of Representatives deputy speaker Agus Hermanto, Corruption Eradication
Commission (KPK) commissioner Laode Syarif, Regional Representatives Council
(DPD) deputy speaker Farouk Muhammad, former foreign minister Alwi Shihab and
Deputy Foreign Minister AM Fachir.(jun)
9.Malaysia one step closer to amending death penalty
(1/2)Malaysia is one step closer to amending the mandatory death sentence, Minister
in the Prime Minister’s Department Nancy Shukri said.
Nancy told the World Congress Against The Death Penalty in Oslo, Norway,
recently that a government-backed study on the death penalty had been completed
and a paper is being readied by the Attorney General’s Chambers.
“There are positive signs in Malaysia and a steady momentum towards possible
change in the death penalty legislation,” Nancy said.
The study was conducted by the International Centre For Law and Legal Studies (I-
CeLLS). The consultant was then Roger Hood, Professor of Criminology and
Emeritus Fellow of All Souls College Oxford.
Currently, in Malaysia, the death penalty is mandatory for 12 offences while 20 other
offences are punishable with discretionary death penalty.
Murder, drug trafficking, and offences related to security are instances of offences
which are punishable with death.
However, Nancy said empirical studies showed that the death penalty had not led to
“the deterring effect that such a penalty was created”.
“Although Malaysia is generally in compliance with international standards in so far

as the relevant safeguards [on capital punishment] are concerned, Malaysia’s position
on death penalty has always been subjected to national and international criticisms.”
The global anti-death congress was the sixth edition. Nancy expressed her “deepest
appreciation to Norway” for inviting Malaysia to participate.
10.Evictees take up hard stance against Ahok in election
For Teddy, 57, the forced eviction he experienced in Kampung Akuarium, also
known as Pasar Ikan, in North Jakarta, in April last year was unforgettable and
changed the course of his family’s life for the worse.
The evictees in Pasar Ikan believe that incumbent Jakarta Governor Basuki “Ahok”
Tjahaja Purnama is responsible for their misery because he was the one who ordered
the forced evictions.

Asked if any Pasar Ikan evictees will vote Ahok in the Feb. 15 election, Teddy shook
his head and said, “He will not get a single vote from us.”
Pasar Ikan residents say that in the 2012 Jakarta gubernatorial election, President
Joko “Jokowi” Widodo, then campaigning for the position of governor, and his
running mate Ahok won an overwhelming majority of votes there. Jokowi-Ahok
signed a political contract with the residents promising them several things including
upgrading the on-site slum, a process labelled geser bukan gusur, meaning “move a
little, not forced evictions.”
In the geser bukan gusur scheme, residents would agree to move a few meters away
from the river to make way for the inspection road.
For Pasar Ikan residents, the forced evictions have changed their feelings about Ahok
completely. Teddy, who has four children and is now unemployed, said he had
planned to send his children to university using the money he had gradually saved up
over the years. However, the eviction destroyed his dream.
The city administration evicted 596 families in the poor fishermen’s neighborhood in
April last year to clear the area of what Ahok called illegal squatters and a hotbed of
tuberculosis.
Jono, who like Teddy still remains in the evicted neighborhood, said relocation was
not an option for him and many of the residents who worked around Pasar Ikan. He
said he once checked out an apartment in Marunda but later decided to come back
and live in a makeshift shack because the apartment was too far away from Pasar
Ikan where he works as a boat porter.
Since the eviction, the community of Pasar Ikan has been one of the most organized
in its animosity toward Ahok.
When The Jakarta Post visited the area on Wednesday, Anies Baswedan banners, the
rival of Ahok in the Jakarta gubernatorial election, and the flag of the Gerindra Party,
were everywhere to be seen.
Teddy said Anies had visited the area during a recent campaign stop and personally
met with residents along with Gerindra Party chairman Prabowo Subianto.
Teddy said, however, that residents did not expect much from a politician like Anies,
noting that they had already been betrayed by politicians in the past.
“If a political contract is betrayed, how can we trust a [mere] promise,” Teddy said.
In 2012, Jokowi-Ahok also made a contract with Bukit Duri residents in South
Jakarta. One of the points was geser bukan gusur. In 2012, Jokowi and Ahok also
won a majority of votes in Bukit Duri.
In September 2016, however, Ahok ordered the forced eviction of residents in the
area and told them to move to apartments in Rawa Bebek.

Bukit Duri residents have pinned their hopes on candidates other than Ahok and they
met with Anies in early January. During the meeting, the residents gave Anies a list
of “10 aspirations,” which included halting the forced evictions.
Besides Anies, rival Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono has also taken a different stance
from Ahok in regards to forced evictions. He has tried to woo voters with promises
that he will not evict them. He also used the term geser bukan gusur while
campaigning in the area.
Ahok’s camp, on the other hand, has campaigned on continuing to develop the city.
Ahok and his supporters have mocked Anies and Agus, saying that they are all talk
and that it is impossible to develop the city without forced evictions.
On social media, memes mocking Agus’ geser bukan gusur proposal are circulating
with Ahok’s supporters calling it a “ridiculous theory.”
11.Final debate last chance to win voters
The third debate on Friday evening will be the last showdown for Jakarta
gubernatorial candidates to win over swing voters amid a tight race, in which
pollsters have difficulties predicting the winner.
The debate, which will address population and quality-of-life issues, will take place
two days before the campaign period officially ends.
“This debate will be the final chance for voters to see all candidates on one stage,
imparting their solutions, visions and missions, regarding the city’s woes. We hope
that through this debate, voters will be able to single out the person who will lead the
city for the next five years,” Jakarta General Elections Commission (KPU Jakarta)
member Betty Epsilon Idroos told The Jakarta Post on Thursday.
Betty also urged the three candidate pairs, Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono and Sylviana
Murni, Basuki “Ahok” Tjahaja Purnama and Djarot Saiful Hidayat and Anies
Baswedan and Sandiaga Uno, to use the finale debate as a medium to woo more
voters.
“The debate may not only help undecided voters make a decision, but could actually
influence voters that have already made up their minds to switch to candidates they
deem as having presented better and concrete ideas,” she said.
Friday’s debate, which will cover the topics of women’s empowerment, child
protection, drug eradication and the protection of residents with disabilities, will be
moderated by CNN Indonesia news anchor Alfito Deannova.
Betty said KPU Jakarta selected Alfito because he had long experience as a
television host.

“We believe Alfito has the capacity to host this debate. He also doesn’t have any
political affiliation,” Betty said.
Betty said just like the second debate on Jan. 27, the final one would run for 120
minutes and be divided into six segments. There will also be four panelists. KPU
Jakarta has yet to divulge the names of the panelists.
The election commission has engaged Transmedia, Kompas TV, SCTV and JakTV
as host stations for the debate, which will also be broadcast by 10 other television
stations, including Aljazeera TV.
Candidate Agus, who surveys and analysts say did not benefit from the previous two
debates, said there were no special preparations for the final debate.
“In preparing myself for the upcoming debate, I delved into the issues to be
addressed in between my daily campaign activities,” Agus said.
Agus said he was optimistic that he and Sylviana could convince Jakarta voters to
cast their votes for the pair in the remaining time before voting day, believing that, if
elected governor, the ticket’s programs “could further develop” the capital.
Agus’ rivals, Ahok and Anies have until now gained most from the debates, with
survey results showing their electability had received a boost after each debate on
Jan. 13 and Jan. 27.
The Ahok-Djarot camp said it had prepared nothing special and would again
elaborate on what it had accomplished during its tenure. In the past debates Ahok and
Djarot took advantage of their incumbent position and many voters said they were
the most knowledgeable pair.
“They don’t need to get too fancy,” Ahok-Djarot campaign team secretary Ace
Hasan Syadzily said.
He said Jakartans should not doubt Ahok’s programs regarding women’s

empowerment and the protection of mothers and children, because people were
aware that Ahok’s wife, Veronica Tan, was active as the chair of Jakarta Family
Welfare (PKK) and had initiated the childfriendly integrated public spaces (RPTRA).
Meanwhile, the Anies-Sandiaga ticket is also confident going into the final debate,
hoping that the issue of improving Jakarta residents’ quality of life, which has been
the focus of its campaign, could give them an edge in the final debate.
On women’s issues, Anies said he had plans to make life more comfortable for
women in Jakarta, including by providing “labor emergency units” in all community
health centers (Puskesmas), as maternal deaths continued to occur on account of a
lack of medical access in Jakarta.

12.IS supporters may return to their homes scot free
The Bambu Apus shelter in East Jakarta looks like any regular rehabilitation center
where children can be seen playing without a particularly heavy security presence.
But that does not mean visitors can simply drop into the shelter, which currently
houses 75 people deported from Turkey, Singapore and Japan for allegedly trying to
join the Islamic State (IS) terrorist group in Syria.
“I’m sorry, entry to this place must be approved by the National Police’s
counterterrorism squad Densus 88,” a man holding a walkie-talkie told The Jakarta
Post at the shelter’s gate.
Of the 75 people housed in the shelter, which has a total capacity of 130 people, 17
are men, 24 are women and 34 children.
Many of them are related to each other. The last batch of alleged IS supporters sent
to the shelter includes former Finance Ministry official Triyono Utomo, 40, his wife
Nur Khofifah, 55, and three children aged 12, 7 and 3.
Unlike neighboring Malaysia, which has charged a number of people with trying to
join IS in Syria under its penal code, Indonesia does not regard such attempts as
crimes.
The National Police have said supporters can only be charged with terrorism if they
are found to have actually joined and fought with IS.
Despite having been exposed to radical ideologies for years that inspired them to
migrate to Syria to join IS, the deported IS supporters, particularly the 41 adults, only
undergo a one-month deradicalization program at the shelter before being sent back
to their respective hometowns.
The 17 men are held in separate buildings away from their wives but they can still
interact with each other during breaks and before bedtime.
The children are also separated from their radicalized fathers and housed in the same
buildings as their mothers. One of the 34 children is a three-week-old infant and
some others are toddlers.
The shelter has several parks where social workers take the children to play various
games and teach them to read books every day accompanied by psychologists to
ensure that they are in a stable psychological state and have not been exposed to
radical ideology by their parents.
Children only return to their parents during breaks and when they want to go to sleep
with their mothers, Bambu Apus shelter head Sulistya Ariadhi told the Post over the
phone.

The Bambu Apus rehabilitation center has several cottagelike buildings situated
around 10 to 15 meters from each other and each building has several rooms.
Activities start at 5 a.m. when they wake for dawn prayers at the shelter, after which
they are required to attend daily sessions from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m.
National Counterterrorism Agency (BNPT) officers, Indonesian Military (TNI)

personnel, clerics and former jihadists are scheduled to speak during the daily
sessions. “Yesterday, they had a dialogue with a former jihadist who was once more
radical than them,” Sulistya said.
Many of the deportees, who are not allowed to have access to cellphones or the
internet during their stay, refused to talk in the first days after their arrival at the
shelter, Sulistya said.
“But after three days or so they start to communicate with social workers. That’s
good progress. Social workers will ensure that they are ready to communicate with
other people before they are sent to their respective hometowns,” he said.
At the end of the program, Sulistya said, Bambu Apus officials will meet with
Densus 88, the BNPT and Social Affairs Ministry officials to conduct an assessment
of each of the deportees to determine whether they are ready to go home.
Society must embrace the families after they return home because to leave them
alienated and stigmatized will only push them back into radicalism, BNPT chief
Suhardi Alius said.
Critics, however, question the law enforcers’ decision to let the adult IS supporters
go despite their attempts to join the terrorist group. “The fact that they already
arrived in Turkey to enter Syria shows that they were acting on their intentions. That
should be subject to prosecution,” terrorism expert Al Chaidar said.
He further argued that the problem could be because Indonesia has yet to draw up an
official list of foreign terrorist organizations that could be used as a legal reference
by the police in their investigation of deported IS supporters.
“The Attorney General’s Office has to move to draw up such a list so our law
enforcement agencies have a reference list on which organizations are labeled as
terrorist groups,” he said.

An Analysis of Affective Meaning On Articles in Jakarta Post Daily

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An Analysis of Affective Meaning On Articles in Jakarta Post Daily

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AN ANALYSIS OF AFFECTIVE MEANING ON ARTICLES IN

JAKARTA POST DAILY

FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

The examination is held in Department Of English Faculty of Cultural Studies

Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies

University of Sumatera Utara

Dr. Budi Agustomo,MS

Rahmadsyah Rangkuti ,M.A.Ph.D ........................................

Dr.Masdiana Lubis,M.Hum .........................................

Dr.Eddy Setia,M.Ed,TESP .........................................

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

Dr.Deliana,M.Hum Rahmadsyah Rangkuti,MA.,PhD

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

I, DONA P. ARITONANG DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF

THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE THE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE

TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL

PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE FOR OR

INPART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR

AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE.NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS

BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT

OF THIS THESIS.THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE

AWARD OF THE ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.

Date : April 21st 2017

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

NAME :DONA P. ARITONANG

TITLE OF THE THESIS :AN ANALYSIS OF AFFECTIVE MEANING ON

............................................ .ARTICLES IN JAKARTA POST DAILY

QUALIFICATION : S-1/SARJANA SASTRA

I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR

REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH,FACULTY OF CULTURAL

STUDIES,UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE

UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS MAY AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION

UNDER THE LAW OF REPUBLIC INDONESIA.

Date : April 21st 2017

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

thesis.Without humiliating they are.My parents, Lasmaria Tambunan and Elisker

Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies,Dr.Budi Agustomo,MS,Dr.Eddy

Setia,M.Ed,TESP,my Supervisor and Drs.Chairu,M.Hum as my Co-

Supervisor.Without your attention and guidance I can not finish my Thesis.My

brothers and sisters,Maria Arta Aritonang,David Franciscus Aritonang,Dedy Rudy

Nova Kristina Oppusunggu,Mesrani Tumanggor,Rinova Simanungkalit,Anna

Simbolon,Raja Guntar Simamora,Ridho Vandi Amabarita and Dani Saputra

Tarigan.May our friendship long lasting forever.I love you all.

bless all of us,once again thank you very much

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA

1.1 Background of the Study…............................................................ 1

1.2 Problems of the Study .................................................................... 3

1.3 Objective of the Study.................................................................... 3

1.4 Scope of the Study ......................................................................... 3

1.5 Significance of the Study .............................................................. 4

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2.1 The Semantics Definitions ............................................................ 6

2.2 The Lietral and non-Literal Meaning ........................................... 8

2.3 The Word Meaning ....................................................................... 8

2.4 The Referentional Theory ............................................................. 10

2.5 Semantics and Reference...............................................................11

2.6 Meaning Relations..........................................................................13