Faseela-Dissertation Report 2020

Biophilic Facade in Built Environment
BIOPHILIC FACADE IN BUILT ENVIRONMENT
SEVENTH & EIGHTH SEMESTERS

B. ARCH DISSERTATION
Submitted by
FASEELA K.A
16054019
MANGALAM SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING

PARAMPUZHA, PERUMBAIKKAD P.O.
Kottayam – 686028
JUNE 2020
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BIOPHILIC FACADE IN BUILT ENVIRONMENT
SEVENTH & EIGHTH SEMESTERS

B. ARCH DISSERTATION
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of

Bachelor’s Degree in Architecture of Mahatma Gandhi University
Submitted by
FASEELA K.A
16054019
Guided by
Ar. SNEHA JOSE

Kottayam – 686028
JUNE 2020
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Kottayam – 686028
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that this dissertation titled ‘Biophilic Facade in built environment’ is a bonafide
record of the study presented by Faseela K.A, under our guidance towards partial fulfillment of
the requirement for the award of Bachelor’s Degree in Architecture of Mahatma Gandhi
University, during the year 2019-2020.
GUIDE PRINCIPAL
Ar. Sneha Jose, Ar. K.Narayanan
Asst. Professor, Professor,
Mangalam School of Architecture and Planning, Mangalam School of Architecture and Planning,
Kottayam Kottayam
EXAMINERS
DISSERTATION
• CO-ORDINATOR
• Ar. Sharon Joseph
Asso. Professor,
Mangalam School of Architecture and Planning,
Kottayam
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DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the dissertation titled ‘Biophilic Facade in built environment’ was carried
out by me during 2019-20 in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of Bachelor’s
Degree in Architecture of Mahatma Gandhi University. This dissertation is my own effort
and has not been submitted to any other University.
Kottayam {Signature}
June 2020 Faseela K.A
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
On the very outset of this report, I would like to extend my sincere & heartfelt
obligation towards all the personages who have helped me in this endeavor. Without
their active guidance, help, cooperation encouragement; I would not have made
headway in the Project.
I am ineffably indebted to Ar. K. Narayan, our principal for conscientious guidance

and encouragement to accomplish this assignment.
I am extremely thankful and pay my gratitude to my faculty guide Ar. Sneha Jose
for her valuable guidance and support for completion of this Project. And I am also
thankful to Ar. James Joseph, Ar. Jacob Chandy and Ar. Deeparani who have helped
me to bringing out this dissertation.
I extend my gratitude to Mangalam School of Architecture and Planning for

giving me this opportunity.
I also acknowledge with a deep sense of reverence, my gratitude towards my parent

and members of my family, who has always supported me morally as well as
economically.
At last but not least gratitude goes to all of my friends who directly or indirectly
helped me to complete this report.
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Table of Contents
1 ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................4
2 SYNOPSIS ..........................................................................................................................5
2.1 AIM ..............................................................................................................................5
2.2 OBJECTIVE .................................................................................................................5
2.3 METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................................5
2.4 SCOPE .........................................................................................................................5
2.5 LIMITATION ...............................................................................................................5
3 INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................6
4 DATA COLLECTION.........................................................................................................7
4.1 History of biophilic design ............................................................................................7
4.2 The origins of term biophilia .........................................................................................8
4.3 Theories pertaining to biophilia ................................................................................... 11
4.4 Biophilia Hypothesis ................................................................................................... 11
4.5 Principles of biophilic design ...................................................................................... 12
5 BASIC PATTERNS OF BIOPHILIC DESIGN .................................................................. 13
5.1 Nature in the Space ..................................................................................................... 13
5.2 Nature Analogues........................................................................................................ 14
5.3 Nature of the space...................................................................................................... 15
6 CASE STUDIES ................................................................................................................ 17
6.1 Titan Integrity Campus, Bangalore .............................................................................. 17
6.2 Malabar Headquarters, Calicut .................................................................................... 23
6.3 The Regimented House ............................................................................................... 26
6.4 KMC Cooperate office, Hyderabad ............................................................................. 28
6.5 Comparison and Analysis ............................................................................................ 29
7 Techniques for creating Biophilic Facade ........................................................................... 31
8 CLIMATIC STUDY .......................................................................................................... 35
8.1 Climatic zones of India ............................................................................................... 35
9 Thermal performance of vegetation integrated with the building facade ............................. 37
9.1 Thermal Comfort ........................................................................................................ 37
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9.2 PMV-PPD ................................................................................................................... 37

9.3 Survey ........................................................................................................................ 40
9.3.1 Questionnaire ....................................................................................................... 40
9.3.2 Conclusion of survey ........................................................................................... 43
10 Conclusion and Recommendations ................................................................................. 44
11 Reference ....................................................................................................................... 45
List of Figures
Figure 4.1.1 Imaginary image of Hanging gardens of Babylon (Source: quora.com) ....................7
Figure 4.2.1 Erich Fromm and his book The Anatomy of Human Destructiveness in 1973 ..........8
Figure 4.2.2 Edward O.Wilson and his book Biophilia in 1986 (Source: nytimes.com)................9
Figure 4.2.3 Stephen Kellert; The Biophilia Hypothesis (Kellert, S & Wilson, E. 1995);
The Architecture of Life (Kellert, S.2008) (Source: archives.news.yale.edu) ...............................9
Figure 5.1.1 Fallingwater by F.L Wright, southwestern Pennsylvania (Source: thespaces.com) . 13
Figure 5.2.1 Suites Avenue Aparthotel Barcelona by Toyo Ito (Source: modlar.com)................ 15
Figure 5.3.1 Genzyme Building by Behnisch Architekten (Source: arch2o.com) ....................... 16
Figure 6.1.1 Aerial view of Titan Integrity Campus (Source: archdaily.com) ............................. 17
Figure 6.1.2 Plans of Titan Integrity Campus (Source: archdaily.com) ...................................... 18
Figure 6.1.3 Spaces connected with nature (Source: archdaily.com) .......................................... 18
Figure 6.1.4 Existing lake through the building (Source: archdaily.com) ................................... 19
Figure 6.1.5 Diffused light in to the building (Source: archdaily.com) ....................................... 20
Figure 6.1.6 Green walls on western side of the building (Source: archdaily.com) ..................... 20
Figure 6.1.7 Green terraces and water body (Source: archdaily.com) ......................................... 21
Figure 6.1.8 Curved patterns in the building (Source: archdaily.com) ........................................ 21
Figure 6.1.9 The exterior wall blends with nature (Source: archdaily.com) ................................ 21
Figure 6.1.10 Section along atrium of campus (Source: archdaily.com) ..................................... 22
Figure 6.2.1 Malabar Headquarters, Calicut (Source: theplan.it) ................................................ 23
Figure 6.2.2 Ground floor plan (Source: theplan.it) ................................................................... 23
Figure 6.2.3 Terrace plan (Source: theplan.it) ............................................................................ 24
Figure 6.2.4 Western facade of Malabar headquarter (Source: theplan.it) .................................. 24
Figure 6.2.5 Green roof of Malabar Headquarter (Source: theplan.it)......................................... 25
Figure 6.3.1 The Regimented House (Source: archdaily.com) ................................................... 26
Figure 6.3.2 Ground floor plan (Source: archdaily.com) ............................................................ 27
Figure 6.3.3 Green wall (Source: archdaily.com) ....................................................................... 27
Figure 6.4.1 KMC Cooperate office (Source: archdaily.com) .................................................... 28
Figure 6.4.2 Building with double skin (Source: archdaily.com) ................................................ 29
Figure 7.1.1 Living wall (Source: livewall.com) ........................................................................ 31
Figure 7.1.2 Reliance center with hydrophilic foamed living wall (Source: omrania.com) ......... 32
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Figure 7.1.3 Park Marina’s bio wall (Source: picuki.com) ......................................................... 32

Figure 7.1.4 Liner pergola system (Source: pinterest.se) ............................................................ 33
Figure 7.1.5 Green string system (Source: pinterest.se) ............................................................. 33
Figure 7.1.6 Bosco Verticale Milan (Source: alamy.com) .......................................................... 34
Figure 7.1.7 Living foam art (Source: pinterest.se) .................................................................... 34
Figure 7.1.8 green matrix wall (Source: pinterest.se) ................................................................. 34
Figure 9.1.1 Environmental and personal factors that influence thermal comfort (Source:
simscale.com) ........................................................................................................................... 37
Figure 9.2.1 PMV Scale (Source: simscale.com) ....................................................................... 37
Figure 9.2.2 PMV Calculation (Source: simscale.com) .............................................................. 38
Figure 9.2.3 PMV vs PPD Scale (Source: simscale.com) ........................................................... 39
List of Tables
Table 1 Case studies comparison……………………………………………………………..29-30
Table 2 PMV-PPD table with various mean radiant temperature value………………..………..40
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1 ABSTRACT
Biophilic design is a concept used in the construction industry to improve building’s connections
to the natural environment through the use of direct nature, indirect nature, and spatial and spatial
conditions. It has been argued that this concept, used in both building and urban relations, has
health, environmental and economic benefits for residents and the urban environment.
The purpose of this study was to understand the concept: Biophilia and its applications in
architectural buildings. Architecture is one such field that has infinite power to dictate the nature
and stimuli of space. Whenever it is tied to architecture, biophilic design can work to bridge the
gap between human nature and create balance. To this end, a framework needs to be created that
would lead to the practical adoption of biophilic literature into various aspects of design and
engineering processes.
The goal of biophilic design is to restore natural stimuli in the built environment to maintain,
restore, and improve physiological, cognitive, and psychological connections to the natural world.
It is not just about the presence of nature, but also about the content in the mind. The purpose of
this study is to describe the relationship between nature and the built environment so that we can
experience the human benefits of biophilia in our design application. And also reveals the values
given to the biophilic facade in the study and thus brings out a clearer and more nuanced
understanding of the role and potential of the biophilic facade in the built environment.
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2 SYNOPSIS
2.1 AIM
Design guide for the applications of biophilic facade in Kerala context’s-built environment.
2.2 OBJECTIVE
• To study on the basic patterns of biophilic design.
• To introduce Biophilic facade as a design factor.
• To study the impact of biophilic facade in the buildings.
2.3 METHODOLOGY
• Introduction to biophilic design
• Data collection
• Study of 14 patterns of biophilic design
• Case studies
• Comparison and analysis
• Climatic study
• Thermal performance of vegetation
• Conclusion and Inference
2.4 SCOPE
The scope of the project is to establish the exact ideology of biophilic facade and their application
on treating the exterior and interior spaces of buildings.
2.5 LIMITATION
The study is limited as it has extensive applications of biophilia in different contexts, not all of
them are included in this study. Limited to application in small building.
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3 INTRODUCTION
The term Biophilia consists of two words ‘Bio: nature’ and ‘Philia: love or affinity’ expressing the
relationship between nature, science and the built environment so that we can experience its
benefits. Biophilic design is a reflection of the relationship between man and nature, which is
architecturally transformed into a built and landscape space. The biophilic concept circumvents
the belief that humans have a biological need to connect with nature on a physical, mental, and
social level and that their connections affect personal well-being, productivity, and social
relationships.
Biophilic design can reduce stress, improve cognitive function and creativity, improve our well-
being. Biophilia is humanity’s innate biological connection to nature. It helps explain why we are
fascinated by exploding fires and crashing waves; why garden view can enhance our creativity;
why shadows and heights evoke fascination and fear; and why the consequence of animals and the
passage through the park have restorative, healing effects. The biophilic facade is popular in
contemporary architecture. Designing a biophilic facade by combining living plants and a building
facade implements the idea of using nature.
“_the enjoyment of scenery employs the mind without fatigue and yet exercises it, tranquilizes it
and yet enlivens it; and thus, through the influence of the mind over the body, gives the effect of
refreshing rest and reinvigoration to the whole system.”
-Frederick Law Olmsted, 1865
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4 DATA COLLECTION
4.1 History of biophilic design

Although biophilic was invented in recent history, indicators of biophilic design have already been
seen in architecture in the backward-hung gardens of Babylon, one of the seven wonders of the
ancient world listed on Hellenic culture. Neo-Babylonian King Nebuchadnezzar II built hanging
gardens alongside a large palace known as The Miracle of Mankind.
Hanging gardens probably aren’t really “hanging” in the sense that they’re hung from cables or
ropes. The name comes from an inaccurate translation of the Greek word kremastos or the Latin
word Pensilis, which means not just "hanging" but "over", as in the case of a terrace or balcony.
Figure 4.1.1 Imaginary image of Hanging gardens of Babylon (Source: quora.com)
To build the garden, the first thing they did was make a series of brick arches to hold them. They
were ten stories high, and under them was a shaded courtyard. On top of them, workers-built brick
terraces. They lined the terraces with lead and laid a thick layer of earth on top. On the platform,
Nebuchadnezzar told his men to plant all kinds of trees and plants, bringing them from all over the
kingdom. The gardens, as described in the works of art, had blooming flowers, ripe fruit, bubbling
waterfalls, and terraces with abundant leaves. Plant species found in gardens based on Babylonian
literature, traditions, and environmental characteristics of the area. Therefore, the garden consists
of almond, juniper, dates, olives, plums, pears and grapes. Beautiful trees such as cypress, oak,
ash, willows, and spruce were planted, as well as ferns, palm trees, vines, aloe plants, and flowers
such as stone roses, water lilies, and incense. The wood from the trees were also a practical
resource for construction, with palm wood being adequate with its strong and hard to rot properties.
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So far, biophilic design has become quite common. More and more designers are combining
elements such as wood, natural lighting, plants and water. However, to understand the myriad
applications of biophilic design, it is important to understand its history and philosophies.
The concept was introduced by E.O. Wilson in his 1984 book Biophilia. Well-known biologist and
professor emeritus of university research at Harvard, Wilson introduced man’s fundamental
tendency to attract nature and imitate its processes and structures in everyday life. This is the basic
idea of biophilic design. The goal is to satisfy this biophilia by creating an architecture that is an
extension of nature.
4.2 The origins of term biophilia

The term biophilia was first expressed in Erich Fromm’s The Anatomy of Human Destructiveness
in 1973 (Fromm, E. 1973). He is a German-born American psychoanalyst and social philosopher.
He explains the reasons for the destruction by saying that “people have committed suicide because
they have not been able to understand the passions of love, power, fame, cosmos” (Fromm,
E.1973). He said people are not happy because they do not embrace the positive aspects of life. He
emphasizes the definition of biophilia as "the passionate love of all living things."
Figure 4.2.1 Erich Fromm and his book The Anatomy of Human Destructiveness in 1973
(Source: historicalmaterialism.org)
Fromm’s theory is developed from Konrad Lorenz’s theory that destruction has been passed on to
humans through their ancestors. Lorenz’s instinctive theory of the 1930s (Lorenz, K.1930) argues
that human aggression is a natural drive that requires survival. Fromm goes beyond the controversy
of instincts, accepting that it is a kind of aggression that man shares with his ancestors. Fromm
expressed this in his book The Human Anatomy of Human Destructiveness in 1973 (Fromm, E.
1973).
Edward O. Wilson developed the idea of biophilia after Fromm published The Anatomy of Human
Destruction in 1973 (Fromm, E. 1973). The result was the publication of Wilson's book Biophilia
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in 1986 (Wilson, E.1986). He expressed that people have been dependent on nature for many years
and this attraction can encourage love of life. “For millions of years, people just went to nature
with everything they had, scratching food and fighting a predator in a world known for a few
square miles” (Wilson, E. 1986).
Figure 4.2.2 Edward O.Wilson and his book Biophilia in 1986 (Source: nytimes.com)
Figure 4.2.3 Stephen Kellert; The Biophilia Hypothesis (Kellert, S & Wilson, E. 1995);
The Architecture of Life (Kellert, S.2008) (Source: archives.news.yale.edu)
Stephen Kellert worked with Wilson, which resulted in the publication of The Biophilia
Hypothesis (Kellert, S & Wilson, E. 1995). This led Kellert to create the idea of biophilic design
and in 2008 published a book called Biophilic Design: The Architecture of Life. He called it, the
architecture of life (Kellert, S.2008) by adopting the theory that nature gives life to the human
mind. Biophilic design combines nature in buildings to provide psychological comfort. For
example, a healing garden is designed to implement gardening to use the brain and affect a
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patient’s self-esteem. Biophilic design is not about healing physical wounds; but seeks to provide
a therapeutic environment. This type of design is new to the industry and requires development.
Biophilic design is divided into six elements, which are defined by Kellert. These elements are:
• Environmental feature
This feature encourages natural light, natural material and plants for human well-being.
“Simply placing plants in a built environment can improve comfort, satisfaction, well-
being, and performance” (Kellert, S.2008).
• Natural shapes and forms
This represents the natural world on the facade of the building. An example of this is the
application of the appearance of fish scales to building cladding systems. It is believed that
these natural forms allow people to feel territorial control by exploring buildings.
• Natural pattern and processes
A feature of this element is biomimicry, in which natural systems are mimicked. Termite
hills are mimicked in buildings to provide natural ventilation. Termites create holes in the
hill to circulate air internally. This can be applied to buildings to allow air to circulate
through the floor spaces at night. This has the effect of reducing emissions from ventilation.
• Light and space
This feature encourages maximum natural light and a system that enhances reflected light.
The aim is to prevent the negative effects of boring rooms. The space feature of this element
allows for spacious environments in building design to create open spaces.
• Place-based relationships
This feature allows an individual to feel safe in a known environment because he or she
can feel excited in a new place. “People’s connection to places reflects a person’s innate
need to create regional control” (Kellert, S.2008).
• Evolved human-nature relationships.
This is the only trait that focuses on the natural human relationship to nature. An example
of this feature is therapeutic gardens where gardening is practiced.
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4.3 Theories pertaining to biophilia

We as humans have developed our behavioral mechanisms and problem-solving tactics that mimic
nature, taking lessons from them and in return using our actions and the stimuli we create. We
have shaped our natural environment. The presence of the natural environment around us is an
important part of creating our evolutionary mechanisms and ways to cope with the challenges
around us. These theories are based on the biophilic hypothesis that humans have kinship and
attraction to nature and elements of nature, leading to the well-being of the whole person.
The theories, relating to this literature, have been broadly divided to 2 classifications instrumental
in affecting the Human-Nature Relationship:
❖ Theories on Psycho- Evolutionary and Restorative Preferences
1. Attention Restoration Theory (ART)

2. Stress Reduction Theory (SRT)
3. Perceptual Fluency Account (PFA)
❖ Theories on Nature-Based and Environmental Preferences
1. Savannah Hypothesis
2. Prospected and Refuge Theory
3. Fractal Theory
4. Aesthetic Appeal of Nature Contents
The present proposed theories justify the Biophilic Hypothesis, where the two preferences co- exist
in harmony and are pivotal in being a major component of the Biophilic framework.
4.4 Biophilia Hypothesis

“Biophilia is the innate emotional belonging of humans to other living organisms” (E. O. Wilson,
1984.) The term biophilia was first introduced by Erich Fromm and was considered a
psychological orientation to the living and vital. Harvard biologist E.O. Wilson introduced
biophilia theory in the mid-1980s and suggested that humans thrive in nature and suffer in its
absence.
Some research has shown that buildings that connect people to nature support healthier human
well-being and higher cognitive performance. The biophilia hypothesis states that humans have: -
▪ An emotional affiliation with life and life-like processes, and

▪ This affiliation is engrained in our genetic makeup.
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4.5 Principles of biophilic design

The successful application of biophilic design needs to following certain basic principles. These
principles represent fundamental conditions for the effective practice of biophilic design. They
are:
1. Biophilic design requires sustained and repeated engagement with nature.

2. Biophilic design focuses on human adaptations to the natural world that over evolutionary time
have advanced people’s health, fitness and wellbeing
3. Biophilic design encourages an emotional attachment to particular settings and places.
4. Biophilic design promotes positive interactions between people and nature that encourage an
expanded sense of relationship and responsibility for the human and natural communities.
5. Biophilic design encourages mutual reinforcing, interconnected, and integrated architectural
solutions.
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5 BASIC PATTERNS OF BIOPHILIC DESIGN
Biophilic design can be divided into three categories - nature in space, natural analogues, and space
nature - that provide a framework for understanding and allow for a wide range of strategies in the
built environment. These figures illustrate the relationships between nature, human biology, and
the design of the built environment so that we can experience the human benefits of biophilia in
our design application.
5.1 Nature in the Space

Nature in space deals with the direct, physical, and current presence of nature in space or place.
This includes plant life, water, animals, wind, sounds, scents and other natural elements. Common
examples include potted plants, flower beds, bird feeders, butterfly gardens, water barriers,
fountains, aquariums, yard gardens, and green walls or vegetated roofs. The strongest nature of
space experiences is achieved by creating meaningful, direct connections to these natural elements,
especially through diversity, movement, and multi-sensory interaction.
Figure 5.1.1 Fallingwater by F.L Wright, southwestern Pennsylvania (Source: thespaces.com)
Nature in the Space encompasses seven biophilic design patterns:
1. Visual Connection with Nature.

A view of the elements of nature, living systems and natural processes. A space with a
good visual connection to nature feels whole, attracts attention and can be stimulating or
calming. It can convey a sense of time, weather, and other living things.
2. Non-Visual Connection with Nature.

A space with a good non-visual connection to nature feels fresh and in a balanced way;
environmental conditions that are considered to be complex and changing, but at the same
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time familiar and comfortable, with sounds, aromas and textures reminiscent of being
outdoors.
3. Non-Rhythmic Sensory Stimuli.

Non-rhythmic sensory stimuli are short-term connections to nature that can be analysed
systematically but cannot be accurately predicted. A state with good non-rhythmic sensory
stimuli as if someone feels they have been something special, something fresh, interesting,
stimulating and energizing. It is a short but welcome distraction.
4. Thermal & Airflow Variability.

Subtle changes in air temperature, relative humidity, airflow through the skin, and surface
temperature that mimic the natural environment. A space with good heat and airflow
variation feels refreshing, active, vibrant, refreshing and comfortable. The space offers both
flexibility and a sense of control.
5. Presence of Water.
The space, with good water conditions, feels attractive and fascinating. Flexibility, sound,
lighting, proximity and accessibility all affect whether the space is stimulating, calming or
both.
6. Dynamic & Diffuse Light.

In a space with good dynamic and diffused light, the expression of time and movement is
conveyed in terms of drama and intrigue, calmed down.
7. Connection with Natural Systems.

Space, which has a good connection to natural systems, evokes a relationship with the
larger whole, making it aware of seasonal variations and the cycle of life. The experience
is often relaxing, nostalgic, profound or enlightening and often expected.
5.2 Nature Analogues

Natural analogues deal with organic, inanimate, and indirect disturbances in nature. Objects,
materials, colours, shapes, sequences, and patterns found in nature appear in art, decorations,
furniture, decor, and textiles in the built environment. imitations of shells and leaves, organically
shaped furniture and natural materials that have been processed or extensively modified (e.g.
wooden boards, granite tables), each provide an indirect connection to nature: although they are
real, they are only analogous objects in their “natural” state. The strongest natural analogue
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experiences are achieved by providing a wealth of information in an organized and sometimes

changing way.
Figure 5.2.1 Suites Avenue Aparthotel Barcelona by Toyo Ito (Source: modlar.com)
Natural Analogues encompasses three patterns of biophilic design:
8. Biomorphic Forms & Patterns.

A space with good biomorphic shapes and patterns feels interesting and comfortable,
potentially fascinating, contemplative, or even absorbing.
9. Material Connection with Nature.

Materials and elements from nature that, with minimal processing, reflect local ecology or
geology and create a clear sense of place.
10. Complexity & Order.

Rich sensor information that follows a similar space hierarchy in a natural situation.
5.3 Nature of the space

The nature of space indicates the spatial configurations of nature. This includes an innate and
learned desire to want to see outside of our immediate environment, fascinated by something a
little dangerous or unknown; obscured views and revealing moments; and sometimes even phobia-
inducing properties when they include a reliable element of safety. The strongest nature of space
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experiences is achieved by creating intentional and interesting space configurations that mix with
the natural models and natural analogies of space.
Figure 5.3.1 Genzyme Building by Behnisch Architekten (Source: arch2o.com)
Nature of the Space encompasses four biophilic design patterns:
11. Prospect.
A space with a good view space feels and liberates, but still gives a sense of security and
control, especially when it is alone or in a foreign environment.
12. Refuge.
A place that feels good in shelter feels safe, offering a sense of withdrawal and withdrawal
from work, shelter, rest, or healing — either alone or in small groups. A good shelter feels
separate or unique from the surrounding environment; its spatial features can seem
contemplative, compelling, and protective without necessarily detaching.
13. Mystery.
This space has a palpable sense of anticipation or temptation, which provides the
atmosphere with a kind of denial and reward that forces them to explore the space further.
14. Risk/Peril.
This state feels inspiring and an indirect threat, perhaps even a little mischievous or
perverted. One can be dangerous but fascinating, worth investigating and possibly even
irresistible.
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6 CASE STUDIES
6.1 Titan Integrity Campus, Bangalore
Figure 6.1.1 Aerial view of Titan Integrity Campus (Source: archdaily.com)
Location Electronics city, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

Category Offices
Architects Mindspace
Lead architects Sanjay Mohe, Swetha A, Joseph KT, Er. Mahesh.S
Landscape designer One landscape, HongKong
Area 390000.0 sq.ft
Project Year 2017
• Titan Integrity Campus is a 6.5-acre corporate office building with a lake to the east and a road
to the north.
• The design has a special connection to the land and the adjacent lake.
• The idea is to take advantage of every possible view of the lake shore, making all users viewers
of this peaceful setting.
• Landscape design is designed as a vertical park, with each level being a green terrace that starts
from a ground-level beach park to a sky park at roof level.
• Integrated with dynamic architecture, landscape spaces blend seamlessly from outside to
inside.
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• The entire Titan Corporate office campus, where ideas for a corporate office are reinterpreted
while sitting in the middle of nature, is meant to inspire and enhance the end-user experience.
Figure 6.1.2 Plans of Titan Integrity Campus (Source: archdaily.com)
Analysis – Based on patterns of biophilic design

1. Visual Connection with Nature.
▪ Green courtyards and green terraces in building
▪ Maintain flora
▪ Presence of water body
Figure 6.1.3 Spaces connected with nature (Source: archdaily.com)
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2. Non-Visual Connection with Nature.

▪ Feels the presence of water body while inside the building, through sound and breeze.
▪ Water that is at rest or in motion inspires the human spirit.
▪ Natural ventilation
3. Non-Rhythmic Sensory Stimuli.
▪ Gave large openings – for wind to enter the building.
▪ Water reflection takes you to the center of your spine early in the morning. Every
movement of the water rhythm is reflected on the roof. A beautiful movement game,
the rhythm gives the space an extra dimension when it opens like a movie. By raising
the ground level, there is a seamless connection between the inner bio-lake and the
outer Veerasandra lake, so that the border edge disappears.
4. Thermal & Airflow Variability.
▪ Lake and green terraces create a sufficient micro climate, thus minimizing mechanical
cooling.
5. Presence of Water.
▪ Lake Bio is designed towards the east side of the area, which corresponds to the existing
lake and would feel like an extension of it.
Figure 6.1.4 Existing lake through the building (Source: archdaily.com)
6. Dynamic & Diffuse Light.

▪ The building faces north and south on the longer sides to produce glare-free natural
light.
▪ A green wall on the west side protects the building from the strong western sun.
▪ The green buffer zone between the green wall and the usable spaces continues to cut
off the radiation.
▪ Solar panels are designed above the terrace along the west surface and above the ground
floor service yard to produce on-site energy that meets 25% of the energy demand.
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Figure 6.1.5 Diffused light in to the building (Source: archdaily.com)
Figure 6.1.6 Green walls on western side of the building (Source: archdaily.com)
7. Connection with Natural Systems.

▪ Allow access to experience climate and weather changes
▪ Walkways between trees and waterways
▪ Green terraces are an extension to indoor office areas that allow you to work outdoors
and stimulate interaction in the midst of flora and fauna.
▪ The entire Titan Corporate office campus, where ideas for a corporate office are
reinterpreted while sitting in the middle of nature, is meant to inspire and live end-
user experiences.
20
Figure 6.1.7 Green terraces and water body (Source: archdaily.com)
8. Biomorphic Forms & Patterns.

▪ Curved walls and pathways.
Figure 6.1.8 Curved patterns in the building (Source: archdaily.com)
9. Material Connection with Nature.

▪ Stone flooring on pathways and exterior walls
Figure 6.1.9 The exterior wall blends with nature (Source: archdaily.com)
21
10. Complexity & Order.

▪ Space planning – Unifying diversity of department.
▪ The program is designed so that each department, such as watches, jewelers, eye
equipment, and accessories, has its own zone, yet it is connected to other departments
through spacious atriums that bring light and hot air to escape and houses elevators
and stairs.
▪ The clear backbone along the edge of the body of water is a linear two-story space
integrated into a series of wide steps, courtyards, product display walls, seats, and
informal meeting rooms.
11. Prospect.
▪ The five atriums of the campus connect vertically all the floors of the basement,
bringing in natural light and creating a single community, cohesion and encouraging
interaction between different departments.
Figure 6.1.10 Section along atrium of campus (Source: archdaily.com)
12. Refuge.
▪ Extended green terraces
13. Mystery.
▪ Porosity in design and shape allows continuous wind movement through wind tunnels
that create a risk factor.
▪ The scale of the green terraces gives a sense of elevated ground at all levels.
▪ The ground floor of the building has been raised 2.7 meters. A wide inviting staircase
that settles along the body of water leads to the middle spine, which connects to the
body of water and outside the green areas, opening up to serenity. This surprise factor,
which changes with the atmosphere around the change, re-evaluates it, so it is
repeatedly a wonderful surprise for the senses.
14. Risk/Peril.
▪ The three-storey structure has a terrace garden on all levels. The free-flowing CSS-
green terraces, reminiscent of rice fields, are connected via external staircases, giving
a sense of elevated ground at each level of these layers. These terraces also insulate
the office space below, which reduces the heat / AC load, which is in line with the
idea of a sustainable building.
22
6.2 Malabar Headquarters, Calicut
Figure 6.2.1 Malabar Headquarters, Calicut (Source: theplan.it)
Location Calicut, Kerala, India

Category Offices
Architects Tony Joseph, Mohandas.P, Sujith.G.S, Kiran Satheesh, Renjith Sukumaran,

Deepak.M.L
Area 18317.135 Sq,m
Completion Date Year 2018
The challenge for the design of Calicut’s Malabar Group headquarters was its steep slope to the
west. The plan has been resolved into a series of planes along the outline, which reduces its
intervention on site to a minimum.
Figure 6.2.2 Ground floor plan (Source: theplan.it)
23
Figure 6.2.3 Terrace plan (Source: theplan.it)
Observations and conclusion
▪ The lower four levels accommodate parking and maintenance areas, and the façade is
defined by an interesting terracotta prison and green pattern.
▪ The office space rises from a large landscaped podium above it, which serves as the
main entrance level. The award height level is accessed through an interestingly
designed bridge and is thoughtfully done with landscaping to help create a sense of
arrival.
▪ In response to the sloping point, the office space is solved in two separate pieces with
a green landscape back between them.
▪ Strategically placed balconies with large trees and vegetation on the western facade cut
off the intense sun and create a green buffer.
Figure 6.2.4 Western facade of Malabar headquarter (Source: theplan.it)
24
▪ Periodically placed wooden trellises functions allow climbers to grow, which helps cut off
intense sunlight in conjunction with the Western Facade Double Glazing.
▪ The roof is designed as a landscaped gathering space that slopes completely to the ground with
amphitheaters, lounges, pavilions and plenty of vegetation, and serves as a space to gather and
relax.
Figure 6.2.5 Green roof of Malabar Headquarter (Source: theplan.it)
▪ The green roof lowers to the south of the country to reduce southern solar power and also
acts as insulation in the office space below.
▪ Interiors are a look of contemporary design that is aesthetically pleasing with bare materials
such as polished concrete floors and cement board coatings that contrast with the stylish of
glass and mild steel.
▪ Natural vegetation enters the interior through splashing balconies and a central landscaped
backbone with a dense green space, providing opportunities for social interaction and
increasing the psychological well-being of workers.
▪ On top of the central landscape is a sunroof that helps meet the building’s energy needs.
▪ Rainwater collected on the roof and other surfaces is directed to the absorption pits and
helps to recharge the groundwater.
▪ Integrity inherent in the use of materials combined with contextual design helps to create a
highly sustainable building that is inextricably linked to nature.
25
6.3 The Regimented House
Figure 6.3.1 The Regimented House (Source: archdaily.com)
Location Malappuram, Kerala, India
Category Residence
Architects LIJO RENNY architects
Area 6850 sq. ft
Project Year 2017
The ‘regimented house’ - a dwelling immersed in nature, which resembles a lantern glowing in the
woods at night. The building comprises two floors. The ground floor of the primary building has
an overlap of formal and semi-formal activities, while the other part of the home has two bedrooms,
one on each floor, accessed by a staircase. The dining area is connected to the central courtyard by
a bridge in the middle of the home.
▪ The building is a simple but formal built form, and the extended front yard and backyard,
surrounded by the demarcated of the hard landscape, form the concept of a boundary, which
is, however, subtle.
▪ The truss layout was designed to fit different types of landscaped yards to ensure
substantial mixing with nature and to soften the otherwise bold presence of the built mass.
▪ A landscaped access field was added to blur the transition between the lush landscape and
the seemingly rigid building.
26
Figure 6.3.2 Ground floor plan (Source: archdaily.com)
▪ The layout of the home is designed to maximize the possibility of cross ventilation,
adapting to changes in wind seasons in the area. As a result, the residence acts as a natural
thermostat, keeping the indoor temperature comfortable all year round.
▪ The garden can also be viewed from outside the second floor.
▪ The balcony overlooks the property.
▪ The material palette and interior of the house were refined towards simple minimalist
possibilities to provide a unique experience of the spacious spaces that combine with the
landscape.
Figure 6.3.3 Green wall (Source: archdaily.com)
27
6.4 KMC Cooperate office, Hyderabad
Figure 6.4.1 KMC Cooperate office (Source: archdaily.com)
Location Hyderabad, Telangana, India
Category Office building
Architects RMA architects
Project Year 2012
▪ The idea of a biophilic facade as an energy-saving and visually striking device.

▪ The building has double skin.
▪ The inside of the building is a reinforced concrete frame with commonly used aluminium
windows.
▪ The exterior facade consists of a custom-cast aluminium frame with aquaculture platforms
integrated to grow many plant species.
▪ The main part of the facade is the idea of a double layer, which allows the modulation of
light and air through the building.
▪ The use of a green wall is mainly aesthetic, not performative.
▪ A green wall arranged to create patterns that blooms in different seasons, bringing attention
to different parts of the building’s facade as the seasons change.
28
Figure 6.4.2 Building with double skin (Source: archdaily.com)
6.5 Comparison and Analysis
Comparison based on common parameters in case studies:
KMC
Titan Malabar Regimented
Functions cooperate
Integrity Headquarters house
building
Provide green Brings the

Provide vertical Biophilic
Visual courtyards and landscaped courts
garden in the facade facade makes
connection Water body of various types to
of the building a connection
with nature ensure the
with nature.
essential blending
Brings sound of
Sound and Modulation of
Non – visual nature inside the
breeze from Can feel the light and air
connection building,
water body movement of air through the
Feel the seasonal
building
shifts of winds
Natural
thermostat by
keeping the
Thermal and create an
Reduce the heat on internal Adequate
air flow adequate
western facade temperature micro climate
variability micro climate
comfortable
throughout the
year
29
Providing
opportunities for
Reduce stress
social interactions Maintain the good
level and also
Psychological and enhances the ambiance inside social
gives Good
health psychological the building interactions
ambiance to
wellbeing of the
employees
employees.
Pollution Produce fresh air and reduce dust.

controlling Acts as buffer to reduce noise.
Aesthetic Gives good and attractive appearance to the building.
Table 1 Case studies comparison with common parameters
Analysis
▪ Biophilic facade works as more than just an aesthetic adornment.
▪ Protection against solar radiant heat.
▪ Reduction of glare.
▪ Blur the transition between exterior and interior.
▪ Reduction of noise by sound absorption.
▪ Reduction of dust by filtering the air.
▪ Stabilization of the micro climate.
▪ A regulating effect on humidity.
▪ Cooling by a ventilated space between green cover and wall or roof.
▪ Reducing the need for air conditioners.
30
7 Techniques for creating Biophilic Facade
There are two main categories of green walls: green facades and living walls. Green facades consist
of climbing plants that either grow either directly on the wall or, more recently, on specially
designed support structures. The plant firing system grows on the side of the building rooted in the
ground. With a living wall, modular panels are often made of stainless-steel vessels, geotextiles,
irrigation systems, substrate, and vegetation. The vegetation of the green facade is always attached
to the outer walls; although some living walls may also have green walls for indoor use.
Different types of techniques to create biophilic facade are:

1. Living Wall System
Figure 6.5.1 Living wall (Source: livewall.com)
▪ There is 100%vegetation cover.

▪ Good control over inbuilt irrigation and drains.
▪ Wide range of plants choice.
▪ Can be used for creating manicured pattern also.
▪ Technically and scientifically designed systems.
▪ Gives immediate effect as modules are pre-planted and grown.
▪ Less mortality and maintenance cost per square meter.
▪ Sound absorbing is facilitated.
▪ 100% modular and can be installed and reinstalled any number of times.
2. Living Wall System with Hydrophilic foam

▪ In addition to all the benefits of living wall system, the benefits of hydrophilic media are
added.
▪ Exact proportion of water and air.
▪ Low light environment.
▪ Can be used for creating manicured pattern it is highly flexible and even a single plant
can be arranged effortlessly.
31
▪ Gives immediate effect as modules are pre-planted and grown.

▪ Less susceptible to pests and diseases as no space for them in the media.
Figure 6.5.2 Reliance center with hydrophilic foamed living wall (Source: omrania.com)
3. Bio wall system for outdoor installation
Figure 6.5.3 Park Marina’s bio wall (Source: picuki.com)
▪ This is simple and versatile Bio-wall system solution for all sizes and scales of
installation.
▪ Modula and easy installation.
▪ Flexibility in size and shape. Modules can be cut to the size and cut parts are also usable
as a complete system.
▪ The modules have water reservoirs.
▪ Modules are never waterlogged and spreading of the water is by capillary action.
▪ Material handling costs are reduced as instead of one cavity, six planting cavities are
handled at a time.
▪ The size of planting is large enough to support very wide plant pellet.
▪ Its mini version can used in indoor spaces.
4. Linear Green/Pergola System

▪ Effect is available immediately after installation.
▪ Ground -cover varieties can also be grown.
32
▪ No accumulation of dirt or dry branches or leaves get accumulated.

▪ Looks attractive from all sides.
▪ Easy irrigation and drain.
▪ Wide plants palette.
Figure 6.5.4 Liner pergola system (Source: pinterest.se)
5. Green String System

▪ Can be used in outdoor- hot and dry climatic conditions also.
▪ Frequent irrigation is not required.
▪ Outdoor applications are successful even in north India over facades.
▪ Manicured patterns are possible to maintain.
Figure 6.5.5 Green string system (Source: pinterest.se)
6. Urban forest and root anchorage

▪ Water proofing and roots barrier
▪ Anchor fasteners
▪ Staging for root anchors
▪ Air pruning
▪ Oxygenation of roots zone
33
Figure 6.5.6 Bosco Verticale Milan (Source: alamy.com)
7. Living foam art: Green wall hangings
Figure 6.5.7 Living foam art (Source: pinterest.se)
8. Green matrix for vertical gardening
Figure 6.5.8 green matrix wall (Source: pinterest.se)
9. Verdant green
10. Wire rope trellis system
11. Modular green roof
34
8 CLIMATIC STUDY
The interaction of solar radiation with the atmosphere and gravitational forces, as well as the
distribution of land and sea mass, produces an almost infinite variety of climatic conditions.
However, certain zones and belts with an approximately uniform climate can be distinguished. It
is important for the designer to know the nature and location of these zones as they indicate the
climatic problems, he is likely to face.
8.1 Climatic zones of India

India has a large variation in climate from region to region, due to its vast size. India experiences
seven climatic types. Climatic zones of India:
1. Tropical Rain Forest:

It is found on the west coast plateau, in the Sahyadri and parts of Assam. The temperature is
high, below 18.2 ° C and rising to 29 ° C in April or May. Cereals such as tea, coffee and
spices are typical vegetations.
2. Tropical Savanna:
It is found in the regions of the peninsula, with the exception of semi-arid zones under the
Western Ghats. The average temperature is over 18.2 ° C and rises up to 32 ° C. The natural
vegetation in the whole area consists of savannah.
3. Tropical Semi-Arid Steppe Climate:

It runs south from Central Maharashtra under the Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu and
Cardamom Hills. Temperatures range from 20 ° C to 23.8 ° C (December) and 32.8 ° C (May).
The climate is suitable for dry climates and livestock farming.
4. Tropical and Sub-Tropical steppe Climate:

This type of climate occurs over a large crescent area from Punjab to Kuchi west of the Thar
Desert and between the wetter climate of the Ganges Plateau and the eastern and southern
peninsulas. Temperatures range from 12 ° C (January) to 35 ° C (June) and the highest is up
to 49 ° C.
35
5. Tropical Desert:
It can be found in the western parts of Bikaner, Baiser, Jaisalmer, Rajasthan and a good part
of Kutsuta. The average monthly temperature is steadily high (34.5 ° C).
6. Humid Sub-Tropical Climate with Dry Winters:

It consists of the Himalayas, Punjab, Haryana plain, and the eastern parts of Uttar Pradesh,
Bihar, Assam, and the Aravalli region. Winters are dry with the exception of little rainfall,
which is derived from Western depressions.
7. Mountain Climate:
It is visible in mountainous areas that rise to over 600 meters, such as the Himalayas and
Karakoram. There is a great contrast between the temperatures of sunny and shady slopes, the
variability of rainfall. The Trans-Himalayan region, i.e. Ladakh, which is not accessible to the
southwest by the monsoon, has a dry and cold climate as well as sparse and stunning
vegetation.
Located in the tropics, Kerala is most often subject to the type of humid tropical wet climate
experienced by the earth’s rainforests. Kerala, the southernmost state of India, stretching from 8 °
18 'to 12 ° 48' 'north latitude, 74 ° 52' to 72 ° 22 'east longitude, between the western Arabian Sea
and the world-famous Western Ghats. there are always green rainforests in the east and they are
characterized by a warm-humid climate. The atmosphere has a high proportion of moisture for
most of the year. Climate-responsive design is one that would provide a comfortable indoor
environment in response to seasonal climate variations.
Warm Humid Climate

The warm humid climate is found on a belt near the equator that stretches around 150 N and S.
Seasonality is very low throughout the year. The only punctuation marks are periods of more or
less rain and gusts of wind and electric storms.
Characteristics:
▪ Air temperature – Day time mean maximum of 27-320C. Night time mean minimum of 21-
270C.
▪ Humidity – Relative humidity varies between 55-100%
▪ Vapour pressure – between 2500-3000 N/m2
▪ Precipitation – High,2000-5000 mm per annum
▪ Sky condition – Fairly cloudy, 60-90% may cover
▪ Wind – Trade wind blows at a steady 6-7 m/sec. Much higher velocities occur during
cyclone.
36
9 Thermal performance of vegetation integrated with the

building facade
9.1 Thermal Comfort

Thermal comfort is an important aspect in representing human satisfaction, defined as "a state of
mind that expresses satisfaction with a thermal environment." It means that the person does not
feel too cold or too warm. Thermal comfort is important for health and well-being as well as
productivity.
Figure 9.1.1 Environmental and personal factors that influence thermal comfort (Source: simscale.com)
9.2 PMV-PPD
To assess thermal comfort condition, designers must first determine the thermal environment or
thermal balance inhabitants of the indoor environment may feel like a tangent with respect to the
heat dissatisfaction experienced by occupants. These comfort limits can be expressed by PMV and
PPD indices. The Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) is among the recognized thermal comfort models.
It was developed using the principles of thermal equilibrium and experimental data collected at
steady state in a controlled climate chamber. The PMV index is used to determine the amount of
discomfort. Within the PMV index, 0 means comfort mode and +3 turns too hot, while -3 turns
too cold, as described below.
Figure 9.2.1 PMV Scale (Source: simscale.com)
37
Figure 9.2.2 PMV Calculation (Source: simscale.com)
Parameters affecting Predicted Mean Vote (PMV):
1. Air Speed (unit: m/s, range: 0 to 2)

The speed of the air that circulates the entire building space, in meters per second (m / s).
2. Air Temperature (unit: °C, range: 10 to 30)

Indoor air temperature in the building space in degrees Celsius. It is measured as the "dry bulb
temperature", which is a measurement of the actual temperature of the warm air without the
effect of humidity or direct sunlight or reflective ambient radiation surfaces.
3. Mean Radiant Temperature (unit: °C, range: 10 to 40)

The average amount of heat radiated into a building from surfaces such as ceilings, windows,
and walls. This is most often the heat that the building fabric absorbs and re-radiates into the
living space.
4. Relative Humidity (unit: %, range: 0 to 100)

This refers to the amount of moisture vapor in the air, expressed as a percentage of the
maximum amount of moisture that the air can maintain at the current temperature before it is
released condensed or precipitated. That is, absolute humidity (grams per cubic meter of
humidity (g / m3) of humidity) divided by the humidity of saturation (e.g., 30 g / m3 at 30
degrees) multiplied by 100 to give a relative humidity percentage (%).
5. Activity/ Metabolic Rate (unit: met, range: 0.8 to 4.0)

The degree of activity combines two factors: metabolic rate and external work. Metabolic rate
is the rate at which the body produces energy. External work is the amount of activity a person
38
performs, so knowing the expected use of a building is important to find the right level of
activity. For example, 1 metabolic unit (1 met) is approximately normal for an active sitting
person in the office. 1.5 met is typical for a standing person.
6. Clothing (unit: clo, range: 0 to 3)

The amount and type of clothing as well as the ratio of exposed/unexposed skin areas. This
affects the amount of heat loss in the body. For example, a 0.25 clock would be a T-shirt,
shorts, shoes and socks and a 1.0 clock would be a light business suit with shoes and socks.
For comparison, 1.0 clo is the value used to assess the energy efficiency of NatHERS Home.
The values of local air temperature and velocity can be measured or computed through CFD
simulations. Metabolism rate (met) and Clothing insulation (clo) are typically considered for an
office environment are:
• Metabolic rate = 1.0 met (60 W/m2)
• Clothing insulation = 0.5 clo (summer) and 1.0 clo (winter)
Through PMV, we can predict the thermal sensation and also consider the level of satisfaction of
the occupants in a space, to get a more holistic idea of if and how thermal comfort can be achieved.
Predicted percentage of discomfort (PPD) essentially gives the percentage of people predicted to
experience local discomfort.
Figure 9.2.3 PMV vs PPD Scale (Source: simscale.com)
39
Occupant comfort is achieved when the PMV value is between -0.5 to +0.5.
Mean Relative
Air Relative Metabolic
Radiant Air Clothing PMV PPD
Temperature Humidity Rate
Temperature Velocity
[℃] [℃] [m/s] [%] [clo] [met] [%]
32 40 0.1 50 0.5 1 3.81 100.0
32 38 0.1 50 0.5 1 3.41 99.9
32 36 0.1 50 0.5 1 3.02 99.2
32 34 0.1 50 0.5 1 2.63 95.8
32 32 0.1 50 0.5 1 2.25 86.8
32 30 0.1 50 0.5 1 1.88 71.1
32 28 0.1 50 0.5 1 1.51 51.7
32 26 0.1 50 0.5 1 1.15 33.1
32 24 0.1 50 0.5 1 0.80 18.5
32 20 0.1 50 0.5 1 0.11 5.3
32 18 0.1 50 0.5 1 -0.22 6.0
32 16 0.1 50 0.5 1 -0.55 11.3
32 14 0.1 50 0.5 1 -0.87 20.9
32 12 0.1 50 0.5 1 -1.18 34.4
32 10 0.1 50 0.5 1 -1.49 50.3
Table 2 PMV-PPD table with various mean radiant temperature value
The above table shows how Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT) is an important factor of PMV
scale. It is observed that even a small difference in MRT can lead in thermal comfort.
9.3 Survey
An online survey was conducted regarding thermal performance of spaces or room.
9.3.1 Questionnaire
40
41
42
9.3.2 Conclusion of survey

The above survey was done between so many variant individuals including architects to common
people. After completing this survey, it comes to a conclusion that the rooms with any kind of
vegetation in or around the room reduces heat and makes indoor spaces cooler. Also, the need of
air conditioners can reduce. This measure can save electrical energy by 30% due to evaporative
cooling and shade.
One of the solutions for integrating a building into its environment is to extend the green space to
the vertical envelope of the building. In essence, wall greenery reduces the cooling load of a
building due to three factors: reduced wall heat transfer, limiting and evaporating solar radiation
(the process by which water is transferred from the ground to the atmosphere by evaporation into
the soil and other surfaces and absorption from plants). It also decreases heating loads by means
of the wall heat transfer reduction and the barrier effect against the wind, reducing the external
surface heat transfer coefficient.
43
10 Conclusion and Recommendations
Benefits of Biophilic facade:
➢ Improved thermal efficiency of the building

Plants can provide cooling benefits in the city through two mechanisms, direct shading and
absorption through evaporation. The plants used in the green walls give the building shade and
the extent of shading depends on the density of the plants in the green walls. Shading a building
leads to a drop in temperature in and around the building. Green walls provide a minimum
daily variation by insulating the building. It has been reported that green walls can lower the
surface temperature of buildings by up to 15.2oC.
➢ Indoor air quality improvement

A biophilic façade can improve air quality by filtering airborne particles from their leaves and
branches and absorbing gaseous contaminants through photosynthesis. They filter airborne
particles in leaves and branches and absorb gaseous contaminants. Through biofiltration,
volatile organic compounds, commonly known as VOCs, are absorbed through both plants and
the planting medium. Reduce dust even in a wet environment.
➢ Economic benefits
A biophilic façade built around buildings can improve construction integrity by reducing the
weather impact. The use of green walls reduces the climatic stress on building facades and
extends the service life and practical life of buildings. It also helps reduce the deterioration of
the building from UV (ultraviolet) rays. Reduced painting material costs are one of the
economic benefits of green walls. It has been reported that in warm climates, the energy used
to cool a building can be reduced by 28%. Greenery can also add value to a property.
➢ Aesthetic benefits
The green wall is often used to enhance the aesthetic value of an urban area. Vegetation can
provide visual contrast and relief from a highly built urban environment. The plants also give
the townspeople a sense of closeness to Mother Nature. In addition, the natural landscape offers
elements of natural scale and visual beauty as well as a seasonal indicator for buildings and
streets. In addition, the softness of greenery compared to the hard surface of concrete can
provide visual relief for ordinary walls. Green walls and vegetation can cover unsatisfactory
building walls.
➢ Decrease voice level

The soil and plants used in the biophilic facade have a sound-absorbing property. For this
reason, they are working to reduce the noise activity that took place both in the buildings and
44
in the surrounding areas. Green walls provide a noise buffer that significantly reduces external
noise and vibration (up to 40 dB) in our homes and workplaces.
11 Reference
[1] Browning, W.D., Ryan, C.O., Clancy J.O (2014). 14 Patterns of Biophilic Design. New York:
Terrapin Bright Green, LLC
[2] https://www.archdaily.com
[3] http://eltindia.com
[4] https://www.simscale.com/blog/2019/09/what-is-pmv-ppd/
[5] Kellert, Biophilic Design: The Architecture of Life,2008, page 9 and 14.
[6] Tatiana Abaurre Alencar, 2010: Biophilic design framework: structuring the relationship
between exposure to nature and health benefits, page 64.
[7] https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/role-cfd-evaluating-occupant-thermal-comfort-sandip-
jadhav/
[8] https://omrania.com
[9] terrapinbrightgreen.com
[10] researchgate.net
[11] andersonenergy.com.
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Biophilic Facade in Built Environment

BIOPHILIC FACADE IN BUILT ENVIRONMENT

SEVENTH & EIGHTH SEMESTERS

MANGALAM SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING

BIOPHILIC FACADE IN BUILT ENVIRONMENT

SEVENTH & EIGHTH SEMESTERS

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of

MANGALAM SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING

MANGALAM SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING

I am ineffably indebted to Ar. K. Narayan, our principal for conscientious guidance

I extend my gratitude to Mangalam School of Architecture and Planning for

I also acknowledge with a deep sense of reverence, my gratitude towards my parent

9.2 PMV-PPD ................................................................................................................... 37

Figure 7.1.3 Park Marina’s bio wall (Source: picuki.com) ......................................................... 32

4.1 History of biophilic design

Figure 4.1.1 Imaginary image of Hanging gardens of Babylon (Source: quora.com)

4.2 The origins of term biophilia

• Natural shapes and forms

• Natural pattern and processes

• Light and space

• Evolved human-nature relationships.

4.3 Theories pertaining to biophilia

❖ Theories on Psycho- Evolutionary and Restorative Preferences

1. Attention Restoration Theory (ART)

❖ Theories on Nature-Based and Environmental Preferences

4.4 Biophilia Hypothesis

▪ An emotional affiliation with life and life-like processes, and

4.5 Principles of biophilic design

1. Biophilic design requires sustained and repeated engagement with nature.

5 BASIC PATTERNS OF BIOPHILIC DESIGN

5.1 Nature in the Space

Figure 5.1.1 Fallingwater by F.L Wright, southwestern Pennsylvania (Source: thespaces.com)

Nature in the Space encompasses seven biophilic design patterns:

1. Visual Connection with Nature.

2. Non-Visual Connection with Nature.

3. Non-Rhythmic Sensory Stimuli.

4. Thermal & Airflow Variability.

6. Dynamic & Diffuse Light.

7. Connection with Natural Systems.

5.2 Nature Analogues

experiences are achieved by providing a wealth of information in an organized and sometimes

Natural Analogues encompasses three patterns of biophilic design:

8. Biomorphic Forms & Patterns.

9. Material Connection with Nature.

10. Complexity & Order.

5.3 Nature of the space

Figure 5.3.1 Genzyme Building by Behnisch Architekten (Source: arch2o.com)

Nature of the Space encompasses four biophilic design patterns:

6.1 Titan Integrity Campus, Bangalore

Figure 6.1.1 Aerial view of Titan Integrity Campus (Source: archdaily.com)

Location Electronics city, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

Figure 6.1.2 Plans of Titan Integrity Campus (Source: archdaily.com)

Analysis – Based on patterns of biophilic design

Figure 6.1.3 Spaces connected with nature (Source: archdaily.com)

2. Non-Visual Connection with Nature.

Figure 6.1.4 Existing lake through the building (Source: archdaily.com)

6. Dynamic & Diffuse Light.

Figure 6.1.5 Diffused light in to the building (Source: archdaily.com)

7. Connection with Natural Systems.

Figure 6.1.7 Green terraces and water body (Source: archdaily.com)

8. Biomorphic Forms & Patterns.

Figure 6.1.8 Curved patterns in the building (Source: archdaily.com)

9. Material Connection with Nature.