● SCIENCE

● CLASS - 8TH
● L-1
● FORCE AND PRESSURE

(C) SHORT - ANSWER QUESTIONS (TYPE I ) : Answer in a sentence

or two​ ​(WRITE IN CLASSWORK COPY)
Page No 154:
Question 1:
What two things fully describe a force?
ANSWER:
Force is a vector quantity. It can be described by two things: its magnitude and the direction
in which it acts.

Question 2:
If several forces act in different directions on a body, in which direction will the body move?
ANSWER:
If several forces act on a body in different directions, the effect on the body will be due to the
magnitude and direction of the net force acting on it. So, the body will move in the direction
of the resultant force.

Question 3:
If an object is thrown up, it finally comes down. Why?
ANSWER:
Gravitational force is the force with which the Earth pulls everything towards itself. So, if an
object is thrown up, it slows down and then comes down because of the gravitational force of
the Earth.

Question 4:
What is the difference between mass and weight?
ANSWER:
Mass
1)The mass of a body is the quantity of matter contained in it.
2)It is a scalar quantity that has only magnitude, no direction
3)The SI unit of mass is the kilogram (kg).

Weight
1)The weight of a body is the force with which it is attracted towards the centre of the Earth.
2)Weight is a vector quantity having magnitude as well as direction.
3)The SI unit of weight is the newton (N).

Question 5:
Why can a magnet act from a distance?
ANSWER:
Every magnetic substance is surrounded by its own invisible magnetic field, depending on its
pole strength. A magnet can act from a distance because of the field of magnetic force.

Question 6:
What is pressure? What does pressure depend on?
ANSWER:
Pressure is the force acting perpendicularly on a unit area of an object.
Pressure = Force/Area
Pressure depends on two factors:
(i) Force applied
(ii) Area over which the force acts

Question 7:
What is atmospheric pressure? What is it caused by?
ANSWER:
Atmospheric pressure is the force per unit area exerted on the surface of the Earth by the
atmosphere. Atmospheric pressure is caused by the weight of air molecules in the
atmosphere.

Question 8:
Why is it difficult to cut vegetables with a blunt knife?
ANSWER:
It is difficult to cut vegetables with a blunt knife because it has more area compared to a
sharp knife, which means that the pressure exerted by the blunt knife is less than that of the
sharp knife. In the case of blunt knife, even a good effort may go futile, as the pressure
applied by its edge may not be sufficient to cut vegetables.

(D) SHORT - ANSWER QUESTIONS( TYPE II ) : Answer these

questions.​ (WRITE IN CLASSWORK COPY)

Page No 154:
Question 1:
What is force? What are the four main effects of force?
ANSWER:
Force:
Force can be defined as an influence that tends to set a stationary body in motion or stop a
body from moving. The SI unit of force is kg m/s² or newton.

Effects of force:
1. It can make a stationary object move and stop.
2. It can change the speed of a moving object.
3. It can change the direction of a moving object.
4. It can change the shape or size of an object.

Question 2:
What is the difference between contact and non-contact forces? Explain with the help of one
example of each.
ANSWER:
Contact Force
Contact force is the force in which a direct contact between two bodies is required.
For example: When you stop pedalling a bicycle, it slows down and stops after some time.
This is because of the frictional force or contact force.

Non-Contact
ForceNon-contact force is the force in which two bodies interact without any direct contact.
For example: When a ball is thrown upwards, it ultimately falls down because of the
gravitational force of the Earth. In this case, the gravity of the Earth forces the ball to fall
down without any direct contact. So, it is a non-contact force.

Question 3:
What is friction? Explain with an example.
ANSWER:
Friction is a resistance caused by a surface. It is a contact force that resists the relative
motion between two surfaces. For example, when you stop pedalling a bicycle, it slows down
and stops after some time. This is because of the frictional force

Question 4:
Why are caterpillar tracks used in battle tanks instead of tyres?
ANSWER:
Caterpillar tracks are used in battle tanks instead of tyres because they considerably
increase the area of contact. The larger the area of contact, the smaller the effect of force.
Thus, a caterpillar track helps a battle tank in distributing its weight more evenly over a large
surface area than wheels can. This prevents it from sinking in areas where wheeled vehicles
of the same weight can easily sink.

Question 5:
How does the pressure exerted by a liquid change with depth? Explain with a diagram.
ANSWER:
Suppose we have a liquid column of height h.
The pressure exerted by the liquid is given by the following expression:
P = ρgh
Here,
ρ = Density of the liquid
g = Acceleration due to gravity
h = Height/depth of the liquid column
Here, pressure is directly proportional to the height of the liquid column. If we go down into
the the liquid, the depth(h) of the liquid column increases. Thus, the pressure in the liquid
increases with increasing depth.
Question 6:
When you press a rubber sucker on a smooth surface, it sticks to the surface. Explain why
this happens?
ANSWER:
When we press a rubber sucker on a smooth surface, we remove some of the air between
the sucker and the smooth surface. This deficiency of air lets the air outside to exert
pressure on the surface of the sucker. Force due to the pressure keeps the sucker stuck to
the surface.

(E) LONG - ANSWER QUESTIONS: Answer these questions : ​(WRITE

INCLASSWORK COPY)
Page No 154:
Question 1:
Two forces act on an object. Explain what the net force acting on the object will be in
different situations.
ANSWER:
If two forces act on an object in different directions, then the effect on the body will be due to
the magnitude and direction of the net force acting on it. Thus, the body will move in the
direction of the resultant force.
We can have two situations for two forces:
(i) If forces A and B are applied on an object in the same direction, then they will add up.
(ii) If forces A and B are applied on an object in opposite directions, then the net force on the
object will be the difference between these forces.

Question 2:
Explain the effects that a force acting on an object can have on the object.
ANSWER:
Effects of force:
1. Force can make a stationary object move or change its position of rest.
2. Force can change the speed of a moving object.
3. Force can change the direction of a moving object.
4. Force can change the shape or size of an object.

Question 3:
Describe an experiment to show that air exerts pressure in all directions.
ANSWER:
Take a tin and boil some water in it. When steam begins to come out, cork it and stop
heating it further. Put the tin in a trough and pour some cold water mixed with ice on it. You
will observe that the tin gets crushed and becomes irregular in shape. This is because the
cold water condensed the steam inside the tin to water. This left no air inside the tin. Thus,
the pressure inside the tin became much lesser than that on the outside. The air pressure
from outside acted on the tin from all directions and crushed it.
The above experiment shows that air exerts pressure in all directions.