CSEC ADD MATHS 2015

1. (a) Data: f ( x ) = x 2 + 5, x ³ 1 and g ( x ) = 4 x - 3, x Î R .

Required to Calculate: gf ( 2 )
Calculation:
f ( 2) = ( 2) + 5
2

=9

\ gf ( 2 ) = g ( 9 )

m
= 4 (9) - 3

co
= 33

.
OR

hs
gf ( x ) = 4 ( x 2 + 5) - 3

(
\ gf ( 2 ) = 4 ( 2 ) + 5 - 3
2
) at
m
= 33
s

(Note: The given domain for f ( x ) and g ( x ) are of no consequence in the

as

question).
sp

3x + 5
(b) Data: h ( x ) = , x Î R, x ¹ 2 .
x-2
Required to Calculate: h -1 ( x )
.fa

Calculation:
3x + 5
w

Let y =
x-2
w

xy - 2 y = 3x + 5
xy - 3x = 5 + 2 y
w

x ( y - 3) = 2 y + 5
2y + 5
x=
y-3
Replace y by x to obtain:
2x + 5
h -1 ( x ) = , x¹3
x-3

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(c) Data: ( x - 2 ) is a factor of k ( x ) = 2 x 3 - 5x 2 + x + 2 .
Required to Factorise: k ( x ) completely.
Solution:
If ( x - 2 ) is a factor of k ( x ) = 2 x 3 - 5x 2 + x + 2 , then k ( x ) is divisible by
( x - 2)
2 x2 - x - 1
x - 2 2 x 3 - 5x 2 + x + 2

m
- 2 x3 - 4 x2

co
- x2 + x + 2
- - x2 + 2 x

.
hs
- x+2
- - x+2
0
at
m
We factorise 2 x 2 - x - 1 = ( 2 x + 1)( x - 1)
s
Hence, k ( x ) = ( x - 2)( 2 x + 1)( x - 1)
as

1
(d) (i) Data: 16 x + 2 =
sp

4
Required to Calculate: x
Calculation:
.fa

1
16 x + 2 =
4

( 24 ) = 21 2
w

x+2

( )
w

2 4 x + 8 = 2 -2
w

Equating indices since the bases are equal, we obtain

4 x + 8 = -2
\ 4 x = -10
1
x = -2
2

(ii) Data: log3 ( x + 2) + log3 ( x - 1) = log3 ( 6 x - 8)

Required to Calculate: x
Calculation:

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 log 3 ( x + 2 ) + log 3 ( x - 1) = log 3 ( 6 x - 8)
(Product law)
\ log 3 {( x + 2 )( x - 1)} = log 3 ( 6 x - 8)
Remove log 3 , we obtain
( x + 2 )( x - 1) = 6 x - 8
x2 + x - 2 = 6x - 8
x 2 - 5x + 6 = 0
( x - 2 )( x - 3) = 0
Hence, x = 2 or 3

m
When x = 2 , there are no terms of the equation that result in log3 ( - ve ) or

co
log3 ( 0) .
When x = 3 there are no terms of the equation that result in log3 ( - ve ) or

.
hs
log3 ( 0) .
Hence, x = 2 or 3.

at
m
2. (a) Data: f ( x ) = 3x 2 - 9 x + 4
Required to Express: f ( x ) in the form a ( x + b) + c , where a, b and
s
2
(i)
as

cÎR .
Solution:
a ( x + b ) + c = a ( x + b )( x + b ) + c
2
sp

= a ( x 2 + 2bx + b 2 ) + c
.fa

= 2ax 2 + 2abx + ab 2 + c
Hence,
w

3x 2 - 9 x + 4 = ax 2 + 2abx + ab2 + c
Equating coefficients:
w

a=3
w

2ab = -9
\ 2 ( 3) b = -9
1
b = -1
2

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 ab 2 + c = 4
2
æ 1ö
\ 3 ç -1 ÷ + c = 4
è 2ø
27
+c =4
4
27
c =4-
4
3
= 4-6
4

m
3
= -2
4

co
2

\ f ( x ) = 3x - 9 x + 4 can be written as 3 æç x - 1 ö÷ - 2 , where

2 1 3
è 2ø 4

.
1 3

hs
a = 3 Î R, b = -1 Î R and c = -2 Î R .
2 4

OR
at
3x 2 - 9 x + 4 = 3 ( x 2 - 3x ) + 4
m
1 1
s
One half the coefficient of x is ( -3) = -1
2 2
as

\ 3 ( x 2 - 3x ) + 4
2
sp

æ 1ö
= 3ç x - 1 ÷ + *
è 2ø
¯
.fa

æ 1 öæ 1ö
3ç x - 1 ÷ ç x - 1 ÷
è 2 øè 2ø
w

æ 9ö
= 3 ç x 2 - 3x + ÷
w

è 4ø
w

3
= 3x 2 - 9 x + 6
4
3 3
6 -2 =4
4 4
3
\ * = -2
4

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 2
æ 1ö 3
If 3x - 9 x + 4 = 3 ç x - 1 ÷ - 2 and which is of the form a ( x + b) + c ,
2 2

è 2ø 4
1 3
where a = 3 Î R, b = -1 Î R and c = -2 Î R .
2 4

(ii) Required to State: The minimum point of f ( x ) .

Solution:
2
æ 1ö 3
f ( x ) = 3x - 9 x + 4 º 3 ç x - 1 ÷ - 2
2

è 2ø 4

m
2
æ 1ö
ç x - 1 ÷ ³ 0 "x
è 2ø

co
2
æ 1ö
\ 3 ç x - 1 ÷ ³ 0 "x
è 2ø

.
hs
Hence, if the graph of f ( x ) is drawn, the minimum value of f ( x ) is
3 3
at
0 - 2 = -2 . The minimum value occurs when
4 4
æ
2
1ö
3 ç x - 1 ÷ = 0 that is
è 2ø
m
1
when x = 1 . Therefore, the minimum point on the curve of f ( x ) is
2
s

æ 1 3ö
as

ç1 , - 2 ÷ .
è 2 4ø
sp

(b) Data: The equation 3x 2 - 6 x - 4 = 0 has roots a and b .

1 1
Required to Calculate: The value of + .
.fa

a b
Calculation:
Recall: If ax 2 + bx + c = 0
w

÷a
w

b c
x2 + x+ =0
a a
w

If the roots are a and b , then ( x - a )( x - b ) = 0.

\ x 2 - (a + b ) x + ab = 0
Equating coefficients, we get:
b c
a + b = - and ab =
a a
So, in the expression 3x 2 - 6 x - 4 = 0

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 - ( -6 )
a+b =
3
=2

4
ab = -
3

1 1
+
a b
b +a a + b

m
=
ab ab

co
2
=
4
-
3

.
hs
1
= -1
2
1 1 1
So, + = -1 .
a b 2
at
m
(c) Data: Equation of the curve is 2 x 2 - y + 19 = 0 and the equation of the line is
s
y + 11x = 4 .
as

Required to Find: The points of intersection of the line and curve.

Solution:
To determine the points of intersection we solve the two equations
sp

simultaneously.
Let y + 11x = 4 …(1)
.fa

2 x 2 - y + 19 = 0 …(2)
Equation (1) + Equation (2)
y + 11x - 4 + 2 x 2 - y + 19 = 0
w

2 x 2 + 11x + 15 = 0
w

( 2 x + 5)( x + 3) = 0
w

5
x=- or - 3
2
5
Substitute x = - in equation (1)
2

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 æ 5ö
y + 11 ç - ÷ - 4 = 0
è 2ø
55
y =4+
2
1
y = 31
2

Substitute x = -3 in equation (1)

y + 11( -3) - 4 = 0
y = 37

m
æ 1 1ö
\ The points of intersection are ç -2 , 31 ÷ and ( -3, 37 ) .

co
è 2 2ø

(d) Data: Starting salary of employee $36 000 and which increases $2 400 per

.
hs
annum.
Required to Calculate: The salary of the employee in the 9th year.
Calculation:

Year at Salary
m
1 36 000
2 36 000 + 2 400
s
= 36 000 + (2-1) 2 400
as

3 36 000 + 2 400 + 2 400

= 36 000 + (3-1) 2 400
4 36 000 + 2 ( 2 400) + 2 400
sp

= 36 000 + (4-1) 2 400

.fa

9 36 000 + ( 9 - 1)( 2 400)

w

The annual salary is in arithmetic progression, with the first term, a = $36 000
and the common difference, d = $2 400 .
w

The nth term, Tn = a + ( n - 1) d , where n = number of term.

w

T9 = $36 000 + ( 9 - 1) $2 400

= $ ( 36 000 + 8 ( $2 400 ) )
= $55 200

3. (a) Data: The equation of the circle is x 2 + y 2 - 12 x - 22 y + 152 = 0 .

(i) Required to Determine: The coordinates of the center.
Solution:

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 The equation of the circle x 2 + y 2 - 12 x - 22 y + 152 = 0 can be written as
x 2 + y 2 + 2 ( -6) x + 2 ( -11) y + 152 = 0 and which is of the general form
x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0 .
In this case, g = -6, f = -11 and c = 152 .
\ The center of the circle is ( - ( -6) , - ( -11) ) = ( 6, 11) .

m
. co
hs
(ii) Required to Determine: The length of the radius.
Solution:
( -6) + ( -11) - (152)
2 2
The length of the radius =
at
= 36 + 121 - 152
m
= 5 units
s

(iii) Required to Determine: The equation of the normal to the circle at

as

( 4, 10) .
Solution:
sp
.fa
w
w
w

Let the center of the circle be ( 6, 11) .

Let P be the point ( 4, 10) .
The angle made by the tangent to a circle and the radius at the point of
contact is a right angle.
Hence, the normal to the circle at P is the line (radius) CP.

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 11 - 10
The gradient of CP =
6-4
1
=
2

The equation of the normal to the circle at P is

y - 10 1
=
x-4 2
2 y - 20 = x - 4
2 y = x + 16

m
1
y = x +8
2

co
(b) Data: OA = 3i - 2 j and OB = 5i - 7 j .

.
(i) Required to Find: The unit vector AB.

hs
Solution:

at
s m
as
sp
.fa
w

AB = AO + OB
w

= - ( 3i - 2 j) + 5i - 7 j
= 2i - 5 j
w

Any vector in the direction of AB = a ( 2i - 5j) = 2a i - 5a j , where a is a

scalar.
Since the vector is a unit vector, then its modulus is 1.

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 ( 2a ) + ( -5a ) = 1
2 2

4a 2 + 25a 2 = 1
29a 2 = 1
1
a=
29
1 2 5
\ The unit vector in the direction of AB = ( 2i - 5j) or i- j
29 29 29

m
(ii) Required to Find: The acute angle AOB (to 1 decimal place).
Solution:

.co
hs
at
s m
as

ˆ = q°
Let AOB
Hence, OA. OB = OA OB cos q (Dot product law)
sp

OA . OB = ( 3 ´ 5) + ( -2 ´ -2 )
= 29
.fa

( 3) + ( -2 )
2 2
OA =
w

= 13

( 5) + ( -7 )
2 2
w

OB =
w

= 74
So, 29 = 13 74 cos q
29
cos q =
13 74
æ 29 ö
q = cos -1 ç ÷
è 13 74 ø
q = 20.77°
q = 20.8° (correct to 1 decimal place)

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4. (a) Data:

m
co
The diagram shows a circle, cente O and radius 4 cm. The sector AOB subtends
p 1
angle radians at the center. Area of DAOB = r 2 sin q .
6 2

.
hs
Required to Calculate: The area of the shaded segment.
Calculation:
Area of the shaded segment = Area of sector AOB – Area of triangle AOB
æ p ö
ç ÷ at 1
= ç 6 ÷ (p r 2 ) - r 2 sin q
m
ç 2p ÷ 2
è ø
s
æ 1 2ö 1 æp ö
= ç ´ p ( 4 ) ÷ - ( 4 ) sin ç ÷
2
as

è 12 ø 2 è6ø
æ 4p ö
=ç - 4 ÷ cm 2
sp

è 3 ø
.fa

(b) Data: 8sin 2 q = 5 - 10cos q , 0° £ q £ 360° .

Required to Find: q , correct to one decimal place.
Solution:
w

8sin 2 q = 5 - 10cos q
w

Recall: sin 2 q + cos2 q = 1

\ sin 2 q = 1 - cos2 q
w

Substituting this expression in the original equation, we obtain,

( )
8 1 - cos2 q = 5 - 10cosq

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 8 - 8cos2 q - 5 + 10cos q = 0
- 8cos2 q + 10cos q + 3 = 0
´ -1
8cos2 q - 10cos q - 3 = 0
( 4 cos q + 1)( 2 cos q - 3) = 0
1 3
\ cos q = - or
4 2

-1 £ cos q £ 1 "q

m
3
Hence, cos q = has no real solutions.
2

co
1
Taking cos q = -

.
4

hs
at
s m
as

1
cos q = - has solutions in quadrants 2 and 3.
sp

4
A = 75.52°
.fa

\q = 180° - 75.52°, 180° + 75.52

= 104.48°, 255.52°
w

= 104.5° and 255.5° (correct to 1 decimal place)

w

sin q + sin 2q
(c) Required to Prove: º tan q
1 + cos q + cos 2q
w

Proof:
Recall: sin 2q = 2sin q cos q and cos 2q = cos2 q - sin 2 q or 2cos2 q - 1 or
1 - 2sin 2 q .
Left hand side:

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 sin q + 2sin q cos q sin q (1 + 2 cos q )
=
1 + cos q + 2 cos q - 1 cos q (1 + 2 cos q )
2

sin q
=
cos q
= tan q
L.H.S. = R.H.S.
Q.E.D.

5. (a) ( )
Required to Differentiate: 2 x 2 + 3 sin5x with respect to x.

m
Solution:
( )

co
Let y = 2 x 2 + 3 sin5x
y is of the form y = uv where

.
du
( )

hs
u = 2 x 2 + 3 and = 2 2 x2 - 1 = 4 x
dx
dv
v = sin 5 x and = 5cos5 x
Let t = 5 x
dx
at
m
\ v = sin t
dv dv dt
= ´
s
(Chain rule)
dx dt dx
as

= ( cos t ) ´ 5
= 5cos5 x
sp

dy du dv
Recall: If y = uv , then =v +u (Product law)
.fa

dx dx dx
dy
Hence, = ( sin 5x ) 4 x + ( 2 x 2 + 3) ´ 5cos5x
dx
w

= 4 x sin5x + 5 ( 2 x 2 + 3) cos5x
w

So,
d
dx
{
( }
2 x 2 + 3) sin 5x = 4 x sin 5x + 5 ( 2 x 2 + 3) cos5x
w

(b) Data: y = x 3 - 5x 2 + 3x + 1
(i) Required to Find: The coordinates of all the stationary points on the
curve.
Solution:
y = x 3 - 5 x 2 + 3x + 1
dy
The gradient function, = 3x 3 - 1 - 5 ( 2 x 2 - 1 ) + 3
dx
= 3x 2 - 10 x + 3

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 dy
At a stationary point, = 0.
dx
dy
Let =0
dx
3x 2 - 10 x + 3 = 0
( 3x - 1)( x - 3) = 0
1
\x = and x = 3
3
1
The x – coordinates of the stationary points are and 3.

m
3

co
3 2

When x =
1 æ1ö æ1ö æ1ö
y = ç ÷ - 5ç ÷ + 3ç ÷ + 1
3 è 3ø è 3ø è 3ø

.
1 5
= - +2

hs
27 9
13
=1

at
27
m
y = ( 3) - 5 ( 3) + 3( 3) + 1
3 2
When x = 3
= 27 - 45 + 9 + 1
s

= -8
as

æ 1 13 ö
\ The stationary points on the curve are ç , 1 ÷ and ( 3, - 8) .
è 3 27 ø
sp

The second derivative

.fa

d2y
2
= 3 ( 2 x 2 - 1 ) - 10
dx
= 6 x - 10
w
w

1 d2y æ1ö
When x = 2
= 6 ç ÷ - 10 Þ - ve
3 dx è 3ø
w

æ 1 13 ö
\ ç , 1 ÷ is a maximum point.
è 3 27 ø

d2y
When x = 3 = 6 ( 3) - 10 Þ + ve
dx 2
\ ( 3, - 8) is a minimum point.

OR

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 1 1 1
x 4 3 2
dy
dx + 0 -

1
\ At x = , the stationary point is a maximum.
3

m
x 2.9 3 3.1
dy
-

co
dx 0 +

\ At x = 3 , the stationary point is a minimum.

.
Data: A spherical balloon is filled with air at the rate of 200 cm3s-1.

hs
(c)
Required to Calculate: The rate at which the radius is increasing, when the
radius = 10 cm.
Calculation:
4
V = p r3
at
(V = Volume of the balloon, r = radius of the balloon)
m
3
dV
= +200 cm3s-1 (+ Þ and increasing rate)
s
dt
as

dr dV dr
= ´ (Chain rule)
dt dt dV
sp

dV 4
= p ( 3r 2 )
dr 3
= 4p r 2
.fa

dr 1 1
= =
dV dV 4p r 2
w

dr
When r = 10 cm
w
w

dr 1
= 200 ´
4p (10 )
2
dt
1
= cms-1
2p

1
Note: = + ve Þ and increasing rate.
2p
1
So the radius of the balloon is increasing at the rate of cms-1 .
2p

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 p
6. (a) Required to Evaluate: ò p cos3q dq .
3

6
Solution:
ò cos 3q dq
dt dt
Let t = 3q = 3 and dq =
dq 3
dt
\ ò cos 3q dq º ò cos t

m
3
sin t
= + C (C = constant of integration)

co
3
sin 3q
= +C

.
3

hs
p
p
é sin 3q
Hence, ò p3 cos 3q dq º ê
ù3
+ Cú
6 ë 3 ûp
at6
(The constant of integration, C, cancels off in a definite integral and may not be
m
mentioned.)
æ æp öö æ æp öö
s
ç sin 3 ç 3 ÷ ÷ ç sin 3 ç 6 ÷ ÷
è ø÷-ç è ø÷
as

=ç
ç 3 ÷ ç 3 ÷
ç ÷ ç ÷
è ø è ø
sp

1 1 æp ö
= sin (p ) - sin ç ÷
3 3 è2ø
.fa

1 1
= ( 0 ) - (1)
3 3
w

1
=-
3
w
w

dy
(b) Data: = kx ( x - 1) for a curve (k = a constant). The gradient of the curve at
dx
( 2, 3) is 14.
(i) Required to Calculate: k
Calculation:
dy
= 14 at x = 2
dx

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 \14 = k ( 2 ) - k ( 2 )
2

14 = 2k
k =7

(ii) Required to Calculate: The equation of the curve.

Calculation:
The equation of the curve is
y = ò ( 7 x 2 - 7 x ) dx
7 x 2 + 1 7 x1 + 1
y= - + C (C is the constant of integration)

m
2 +1 1+1
7 x3 7 x2

co
y= - +C
3 2
The point ( 2, 3) lies on the curve. Therefore the equation of the curve

.
must be ‘satisfied’ when x = 2 and y = 3.

hs
7 (2) 7 (2)
3 2

\3 = - +C
3 2
3=
56 28
- +C at
m
3 2
56 28
C = 3- +
s
3 2
as

5
C=-
3
7 x3 7 x2 5
sp

\ The equation of the curve is found to be y = - - .

3 2 3
.fa

(c) Data: y = x 2 + 1
Required to Calculate: The volume of the solid generated when the region
w

enclosed by the curve and the x – axis is rotated through 360° between x = 0 and
x =1.
w

Calculation:
w

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 m
. co
A sketch of the solid generated looks like:

hs
at
s m
as
sp
.fa

x1
Volume, V = p ò y 2 dx
w

x2

(x + 1) dx
1
w

2
=pò 2
0
w

(x + 2 x 2 + 1) dx
1
=pò 4
0
1
é x5 2 x3 ù
=p ê + + xú
ë5 3 û0
ìïæ (1)5 2 (1)3 ö æ ( 0 )5 2 ( 0 ) 3 ö üï
= p íç + + 1÷ - ç + + 0÷ý
ç ÷ ç 5 ÷
ïîè 5 3 ø è 3 ø ïþ

Copyright © 2019. Some Rights Reserved. www.faspassmaths.com Pg 18 of 26

 æ1 2 ö
= p ç + + 1÷ cubic units
è5 3 ø
28p
= cubic units
15

7. (a) Data: The probability that a motorist stops at 1st, 2nd and 3rd traffic lights is 0.2,
0.5 and 0.8 respectively.
(i) Required to Calculate: The probability that the motorist stops at only one
traffic light.
Calculation:

m
Le us define the ‘stops’ as
S1 - the motorist stops at traffic light 1

co
S2 - the motorists stops at traffic light 2
S3 - the motorists stops at traffic light 3

.
hs
P ( S1 ) = 0.2 P ( S2 ) = 0.5 P ( S3 ) = 0.8

( )
\ P S1¢ = 1 - 0.2 ( )at
P S2¢ = 1 - 0.5 ( )
P S3¢ = 1 - 0.8
m
= 0.8 = 0.5 = 0.2
s
P(Motorist stops at one traffic light)
( )
as

= P S1 and S2¢ and S3¢ or S1¢ and S2 and S3¢ or S1¢ and S2¢ and S3

= ( 0.2 ´ 0.5 ´ 0.2 ) + ( 0.8 ´ 0.5 ´ 0.2 ) + ( 0.8 ´ 0.5 ´ 0.8 )

sp

= 0.02 + 0.08 + 0.32

= 0.42
.fa

(ii) Required to Calculate: The probability that the motorist stops at at least
w

two traffic lights.

Calculation:
w

P(Motorist stops at at least two traffic lights)

( ) ( ) (
= P S1 and S2 and S3¢ + P S1 and S2¢ and S3 + P S1¢ and S2 and S3 + )
w

P ( S1 and S2 and S3 )
= ( 0.2 ´ 0.5 ´ 0.2 ) + ( 0.2 ´ 0.5 ´ 0.8 ) + ( 0.8 ´ 0.5 ´ 0.8 ) + ( 0.2 ´ 0.5 ´ 0.8 )
= 0.02 + 0.08 + 0.32 + 0.08
= 0.5

OR

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 P(Motorist stops at at least two traffic lights)
= 1 – P(Motorist stops at exactly one traffic light or does not stop at any of
the three traffic lights)
= 1 - {0.42 + ( 0.2 ´ 0.5 ´ 0.8)}
= 1 - ( 0.42 + 0.08)
= 0.5

(b) Data: Table of values of a measure, x, and its frequency, f.

Required to Calculate: An estimation for the mean of x.
Calculation:

m
x 5–9 10 – 14 15 – 19 20 – 24

co
f 8 4 10 3

å fx , where x denotes the

.
Since the values of x is grouped, then the mean, x =

hs
åf
mid-class interval.

at
If the data was discrete or continuous, the mid-class interval would be the same.
m
Let us re-configure the table.
Assume that the data is discrete.
s
In this case, the lower class limit = the lower class boundary and the upper class
as

limit = the upper class boundary.

sp

Values of x Mid Interval Value f fx

5–9 5+9 8 8 ´ 7 = 56
=7
2
.fa

10 – 14 10 + 14 4 4 ´ 12 = 48
= 12
2
w

15 – 19 15 + 19 10 10 ´ 17 = 170
= 17
2
w

20 – 24 20 + 24 3 3 ´ 22 = 66
= 22
w

2
å f = 25 å fx = 340

Copyright © 2019. Some Rights Reserved. www.faspassmaths.com Pg 20 of 26

 x=
å fx
åf
340
=
25
3
= 13 or 13.6
5

(c) Data: It rains on Monday.

The probability of rain following a day of rain is 25%. The probability of
rain following a day of no rain is 12%.

m
(i) Required to Draw: A tree diagram to illustrate the data.
Solution:

co
1
P(Rain, following a day of rain) = 25% =
4

.
1 3
Hence, P(No rain, following a day of rain = 1 - = (Law of total

hs
4 4
probability)

at
P(Rain, following a day of no rain) = 12% =
3
m
25
s
3 22
Hence, P(No rain, following a day of no rain) = 1 - = (Law of total
as

25 25
probability)
sp

Let RT = Rain on Tuesday

.fa

Let RW = Rain on Wednesday

w
w
w

Copyright © 2019. Some Rights Reserved. www.faspassmaths.com Pg 21 of 26

 m
. co
hs
(ii) Required to Calculate: The probability of rain on Wednesday.
Calculation:
(
P ( RW ) = P ( RT and RW ) + P RT ¢ and RW )
æ1 1ö æ3 3 ö at
m
=ç ´ ÷+ç ´ ÷
è 4 4 ø è 4 25 ø
1 9
s
= +
16 100
as

61
= = 0.1525
400
sp

Data: A particle moves in a straight line with a velocity of 3 ms-1 at t = 0 s and 9

.fa

8. (a)
ms-1 at t = 4 s.
(i) Required to Draw: A velocity time graph of the motion of the particle.
w

Solution:
w
w

Copyright © 2019. Some Rights Reserved. www.faspassmaths.com Pg 22 of 26

 m
co
Note: If the acceleration is not constant, the line joining ( 0, 3) to

.
( 4, 9) would not be straight. Constant acceleration is assumed in this

hs
question.

(ii)
at
Required to Calculate: The acceleration of the particle.
Calculation:
m
Assuming the acceleration is constant, the gradient of the straight line
‘branch’ will give the acceleration for the interval from t = 0 to t = 4 .
s
9-3
Gradient =
as

4-0
6
=
sp

4
1
= 1 ms-2
2
.fa

OR
w

Since the acceleration is constant, we may use the linear equation of

w

motion v = u + at , where v = final velocity, u = initial velocity, a =

acceleration and t = time.
w

Hence,
9 = 3 + a (4)
9-3
a= ms-2
4
1
a = 1 ms-2
2

(iii) Required to Calculate: The increase in the displacement from t = 0 to

t = 4.

Copyright © 2019. Some Rights Reserved. www.faspassmaths.com Pg 23 of 26

 Calculation:

m
. co
hs
The displacement, s, is obtained by calculating the area of the trapezium
1
= ( a + b ) h , where h = 4, a = 3 and b = 9 .
2
s = Area of trapezium at
m
1
= ( 4 )( 3 + 9 )
2
s
= 2 ´ 12
as

= 24 m
sp

(b) Data: A particle moves in a straight line so that t s after passing O, its
acceleration, a ms-2, is given by a = 3t - 1 when t = 2 , velocity, v, is 4 ms-1 and
displacement, s, from O is 6 m.
.fa

(i) Required to Calculate: The velocity when t = 4 .

Calculation:
v = ò a dt
w

v = ò ( 3t - 1) dt
w

3t 2
w

v= - t + C (where C is the constant of integration)

2
When t = 2 , v = 4 (data)
3( 2)
2

\4 = -2+C
2
4 =6-2+C
C =0
3t 2
\v = -t
2

Copyright © 2019. Some Rights Reserved. www.faspassmaths.com Pg 24 of 26

 When t = 4
3( 4)
2

v= -4
2
= 24 - 4
= 20
\ When t = 4 , the velocity is 20 ms-1.

(ii) Required to Calculate: The displacement when t = 3 .

Calculation:

m
s = ò v dt

co
æ 3t 2 ö
s = òç - t ÷ dt
è 2 ø

.
3 2
3t t

hs
s= - + K ( K is the constant of integration)
3´ 2 2
t3 t2
s= - +K
2 2
at
m
When t = 2, s = 6 (data)
( 2) ( 2)
3 2
s
\6 = - +K
as

2 2
6=4-2+K
k =4
sp

t3 t2
.fa

\s = - +4
2 2
When t = 3
w

( 3) ( 3)
3 2

s= - +4
2 2
w

1 1
= 13 - 4 + 4
w

2 2
= 13

\ The displacement from O when t = 3 is 13 m.

END OF TEST

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 m
. co
hs
at
s m
as
sp
.fa
w
w
w

Copyright © 2019. Some Rights Reserved. www.faspassmaths.com Pg 26 of 26