Metodologi Perancangan Teknik

Dadan Heryada, S.T., M.T.

Teknik Perancangan Manufaktur
POLITEKNIK MANUFAKTUR BANDUNG
Engineering Design (Ertas, Jones)
Engineering design is the process of
devising a system, component, or
process to meet desired needs.

It is a decision making process (often

iterative), in which the basic science,
mathematics, and engineering sciences are
applied to convert resources optimally to
meet a state objective.
 Engineering Design
Pengetahuan Proses
Perancangan Teknik

Perancangan
Input Output
Teknik

Matematika,
Fisika, Mekanika,
Termodinamika,
Ilmu Material, Ilmu
Manufaktur, dll
 Merancang Teknik

Proses menghasilkan model yang

merepresentasikan kebutuhan/
keinginan manusia yang didasari
Ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi
yang selanjutnya dibuat untuk
memenuhi kebutuhan manusia.
 Axiomatic Design
Mapping
Process
Functional Design
Requirement Parameter
DP1
FR1
DP2
FR2
DP3
FR3
DP4

Functional Space Physical Space

Suh’s Concept of Design

Nam Suh, “The Principle of design”
Design Process – A Simplified Approach
General
Information

Specific
Design
Inform Outcome
Operations
ation

No Yes Go to the
Evaluation Next Step

Design Operation covers:

1. Exploring the alternative system,
2. Selecting the best system concept,
3. Construction,
4. Selecting material,
Morris Asimow “Introduction to Design”
 Engineering Design Process

Prototype
Social Recognice &
Ideate Product,
Need formalize process
Compa
-re?

Analyze
Test &
Improve

Marketplace
Engineering Design Process
 The Four C’s of Design
Creativity
• Requires creation of something that has no existed
before or not exited in the designer’s mind before.
Complexity,
• Requires decisions on many variables and parameter.
Choice,
• Requires making choices between many possible
solutions.
Compromise,
• Requires balancing multiple and sometimes conflicting
requirements.
G.L. Giegg, “The Design of Design”
Karakteristik Proses Merancang Teknik
• Persoalan terdefinisi dengan baik dan tidak hanya
memiliki satu solusi,
• Memiliki sasaran dalam mendesain dan memiliki
batasan-batasan (constrain),
• Banyak pelaku dan banyak bidang pengetahuan
dasar, ilmu teknik, pengetahuan empirik, hasil-
hasil penelitian, teknologi dan informasi,
• Menjangkau keseluruhan siklus desain,
• Memiliki keterbatasan ketersediaan sumberdaya.
 Engineering Problem

Organization Analysis

Problem Engineering
Graphics
Solving Design

Communica-
Skill
tion
 Fundamental elements of
design process

• The establishment of objectives and

criteria
• Synthesis
• Analysis
• Construction
• Testing
• Evaluation
 What is
• Synthesis: the combination of ideas to form a
theory or system.
• Analysis: detailed examination/investigation
of the elements or structure of something.
Analysis is the process of breaking a complex
topic or substance into smaller parts in order
to gain a better understanding of it.
A variety of realistic constraints
• Economic factors,
• Safety,
• Reliability,
• Aesthetics,
• Ethics,
• Social impact.
Important design parameter
in design process (Ertas, Jones)
Design Methodology
 Definisi “Methodology”
• Rules, and postulates employed by a discipline: a
particular procedure or set of procedures,
• The analysis of the principles or procedures of inquiry in a
particular field,
• The methodology employed in an experiment is essential
to its success, Source: Merriam-Webster dictionary

Adalah prosedur/tatacara untuk menyelesaikan

suatu pekerjaan tertentu dengan menggunakan
aturan dan dalil tertentu untuk memperoleh
keberhasilan. Metodologi diperoleh dari hasil
eksperimen yang sudah terbukti keberhasilannya.
Design Methodology?
Design science vs Design methodology
(Hubka, Schregenberger)
Design science uses scientific methods to analyse
the structures of technical systems and their
relationship with environment. The aim is to derive
rules for development of these systems from the
system elements and their relationship.
Design methodology, is concrete of action for
the design of technical systems. Knowledge
derive from design science and cognitive
psychology, and from practical experience in
different domains.
Scientific Method vs Design Method
Percy Hill, “The Science of Engineering Design”

Existing
State of the art
knowledge

Scientific Identification
curiosity of need
communication

Acceptance
Conceptualizati
Hipothesis
on

Logical Feasibility
Analysis analysis

Proof Production

Scientific Method Design Method

Design Science = Design ?
Seven phases of a Identification of Need
complete project
Adapted from (Asimow 1962) Phase I
Feasibility analysis

Phase II
Preliminary design

Phase III
Detailed design

Phase IV
Construction Planning

Phase V
Distribution Planning

Phase VI
Consumption planning

Phase VII
Retirement planning
Main design core
adapted from (Pugh 1991)
 Design core and surrounded by PDS
adapted from (Pugh 1991)

Elements of the product design specification

Depiction of
Hubka’s design model
adapted from (Hubka and Eder 1995)
Block diagram of
the design process
Adapted from (French 1998, p.2)
Eight stages of the design process
[adapted from (Cross 2008, p. 57)]
General approach to design
adapted from (VDI 2221, 1987)
 A design methodology must: (Pahl, Beitz)

• Applicable to every type of design activity,

• Facilitate the search for optimum solutions,
• Be compatible with concept, methods and
findings of other disciplines,
• Not rely on finding solutions by chance,
• Facilitate the application of know solutions to
related task,
• Be compatible with data electronic data
processing,
• Reflect the findings of cognitive psychology and
modern science
 Design Activity (Pahl, Beitz)
• Affect almost all areas of human life
• Uses the laws and insights of science
• Builds upon special experience
• Provide prerequisites for the physical
realization of solution ideas
• Requires professional integrity and
responsibility.
 Goals
Design task must be directed toward
meeting the goals to be optimized, taking
into account the given restrictions.

Examples of possible reasons for

establishing new design goals are:
New functions, longer life, lower cost,
production problems, and change
ergonomic requirements
 Design
In organisational respects; design is an
essential part of the product life cycle;
– This cycle is triggered by a market need or
a new idea,
– It starts with product planning and ends
when the product’s useful life is over, with
recycling or environmentally safe disposal.
 Product life cycle (Pahl, Beitz)
Market/Need/Problem Potential/Goal of company

Product/Planning/Task
setting
Product life Cycle Management

Design/development

Requirements Goals
Production/Assembly/Test

Marketing/consulting/sales

Use/Consumption/Maintenance

Energy recovery Recycling

Disposal/Environment
 Product life cycle
Kebutuhan
Produk

Perancangan &
Pengembangan

Pembuatan &
Distribusi

Pemanfaatan
(Pengoperasian
& Perawatan)

Pemusnahan
Product Life Cycle
(Market Phase)
 Product Life Cycle

Market Phase
9 Product introduction
10 Market development
Premarket Phase 11 Rapid growth
1 Idea Generation 5 Product market R&D 12 Copetitive market
2 Idea evaluation 6 Preliminary Production 13 Maturity
3 Feasibility analysis 7 Market testing 14 Decline
4 Technical R & D 8 Commercial production 15 Abandonment
END
TERIMA KASIH