ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO-I

ASTU
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
MULTI-FAMILY RESIDENTIAL OR MULTI-DWELLING UNITS (MDU)
A classification of housing where multiple separate housing units for
residential inhabitants are contained within one building or several
buildings within one complex.

There must be at least two adjacent housing units, either horizontally or

vertically, to qualify as multifamily housing

• Apartment
• Condominium
• Housing cooperative (co-op)
• Town house
Architectural
programming
BACKGROUND TO ARCHITECTURAL
DESIGN PROJECTS

We shape our buildings, and afterwards our buildings shape

us.
- Winston Churchill
COMPONENTS OF PROJECT DESIGN
PROJECT
SOCIETAL NEED

ANALYSIS CREATIVITY

Scientific
KNOWLEDGE
Creative Foundation: Why and What?

• Burning Interests, Big Ideas: What makes you feel ------------------ ? What kinds of changes do you feel?
What locality, a city, society, country, …. Needs ?

• Purposes: What do you want to get out of the experience of doing the Capstone project? How do you hope it
will leverage your next steps?

• Grounding: What areas of practice or contexts of change making are most interesting or compelling as the
ground for exploring your big ideas? At the end of the day, who or what matters the most to you to
make a difference to?
WRIGHT BRAIN AND LEFT BRAIN
 YOU SHOULD BE
CREATIVE THINKER
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Form of Architectural projects

 Programmatic
 Socio cultural
 Historic
 Typological
 Contextual response
 Theoretical
 Preservation
 Adaptive
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN PROJECT

Residential
Multi- family dwelling
Mixed use
Institutions
Industrial and farms
Complex buildings (general)
RECREATIONAL AND SPORTS FACILITIES

EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES  
HEALTH CARE FACILITIES
INSTITUTIONAL / GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS
COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS
CULTURAL / COMMUNITY / CIVIC BUILDINGS
TRANSPORTATION BUILDINGS
WHAT IS A COMPLEX BUILDING?

Complex systems are systems that comprise many interacting

parts with the ability to generate a new quality of collective
behavior through self-organization,
e.g. the spontaneous formation of temporal, spatial or
functional structures. Spatial

They are therefore

• Adaptive as they evolve and may contain
self-driving feedback loops. organizational Social
• Much more than a sum of their parts
• Sensitivity to initial conditions
• Emergent behavior that are not readily
predictable or even completely deterministic.
Criteria of a Good design project

• Interesting
• Innovative
• Cost-effective
• Relevant to the needs and problems of the
people
• Relevant to government’s thrusts
• Measurable and time-bound
 Consideration in building projects
• General meaning • User behaviour and requirment
• Types • Programs
• Common features • Circulation
• Site selection criteria • Building service requirments and design
• Factor affecting
consideration
• Design requirment and principles • Amenities
• General provision/ standards/ permits/ regulations•
Form and space • Climate
• Site requirments • Function
• Structural system • Structure
• Constractability –constractablity variables • Technology
 Cost • Materials
 Time • Topography
 Quality • Culture
• Socity
• Economy
Principles of universal design should be applied

 Equitable use
 Flexibility in use
 Simple and intituitive use
 Perceptible information
 Tolerance for error
 Low physical effort
 Size and space for approch and use
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN PROCESS

BASED
The method is primarily a means of resolving a conflict
that exists between logical analysis and creative thought

B A S E D
BRIEFING ANALYSIS SYNTHESIS EVALUATION DESIGN
Problem Program Solutions Priorities Drawings
Definition Site Creativity Grading Final Models
Needs Goals Form & Space Communication Reports
Context Performance Concept Feedback Computer app
Program Concepts Schematic Selection Presentation
Study models optimization Communication
Site Alternatives
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5
Types of
architectural design
process
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Design process is a continuous

B.A.S.I.C. or B.A.S.E.D. linear steps
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Design process is choosing the

best solutions out of several
divisions of design solutions
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There are no steps in design

process. Everything is
happening at the same time
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Design process is an endless

repetitive cycles
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Each steps in the design process is based

on a selective investigation process on
options of idea and solutions
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ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN VARIABLES

The Architectural Design problem has three main variables

NEED - CONTEXT - FORM

NEED

CONTEXT FORM
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN VARIABLES

1.NEED
Space requirements
Relationships
Priorities
Processes
Objectives PROGRAMMING
Maintenance
Access
Equipment
Environment
……
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN VARIABLES

Programming concerns 5 steps

1. Establish Goals

2. Collect and analyze Facts

3. Uncover and test Concepts

4. Determine Needs covers

5. State the Problem • Design data
• Program analysis
• Circulation
• Social and cultural variables
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN VARIABLES

2. CONTEXT
Site
Zoning
Services
Macro climate
Micro climate
Adjacent Buildings
Geographical Factors
Access
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN VARIABLES

3. FORM
Zoning
Circulation
Structure
Enclosure
Construction type
Construction process
Energy
Climate control
image
Information Gathering

Case studies

Site Planning and Analysis

Planning facilities

Structural parts

Planning guidelines
Helps to undertake complicated tasks that would otherwise be extremely hard to
accomplish without the benefit of gathered information.

More data broadens the minds of those who will use the data to solve current
organizational problems.

New ideas come more easily if there are lots of facts to be used as bases.
2 main types of sources

•Existing sources – existing sources are those sources of information that can be
found in the printed, in video, in audio and other materials that are available to the
public or upon request to proper bureaucracy.

•Natural sources – natural sources are first hand sources such as those who
have tried products, services and methods, and expressing their experience and
opinions to the researcher.
w e undertake information gathering in order to:

•Broaden the scope of knowledge

•For the development of particular skills
•To reduce the apprehension caused by the unknown
•For a higher level of understanding of special subjects
•And obviously, for solving problems
i nformation gathering techniques.

• Brainstorming: This method is used to get a list of all project lists. All
ideas are generated with the help of a facilitator through an open
discussion and mass interviewing techniques. Commonly, the brainstorming
technique can be done during a scheduled meeting with peers, individual
brainstorming, or even at an informal meeting.

• Delphi technique: This technique in project management requires

the presence of a facilitator that gives out questionnaires to solicit different oInterviews
ideas. The responses are summarized and recirculated to the participants.
oQuestionnaires and Surveys
• Root cause analysis: One of the information gathering techniques is oObservations
the root cause analysis. It is used in identifying problems and its underlying oFocus Groups
causes thus developing a preventive action.
oEthnographies, Oral History,

• Interviewing: Stakeholders, participants, and experts are interviewed and Case Studies
to identify risks. oDocuments and Records
 H ow to undertake information gathering

A step-by-step approach is advisable

• Analyzing the problem

• Identifying the sections of the information gathering

• Set the actual plan of activities needed to carry out the information gathering tasks

• Collect information through the gathering methods and tools

• Sift through all of information gathered carefully

• Review and record the data obtained

 Basic points to be covered in information gathering
• General meaning • User behaviour and requirment
• Types • Programs
• Common features • Circulation
• Site selection criteria • Building service requirments and design
• Factor affecting
consideration
• Design requirment and principles • Amenities
• General provision/ standards/ permits/ regulations•
Form and space • Climate
• Site requirments • Function
• Structural system • Structure
• Constractability –constractablity variables • Technology
 Cost • Materials
 Time • Topography
 Quality • Culture
• Socity
• Economy
Basic points to be covered in information gathering
Principles of universal design should apply
 Equitable use
 Flexibility in use
 Simple and intituitive use
 Perceptible information
 Tolerance for error
 Low physical effort
 Size and space for approch and use
A case study is an in-depth investigation of a single individual, group, incident, or
community. Other ways include experiments, surveys, or analysis of archival information
p urpose of conducting a Case Study

As the term Case Study suggests, it is the study of a particular case that is similar to
your topic of design project.
Doing a case study will help you understand the various aspects that you have to
consider while designing.

A literature case study would give you a vague idea about your topic. There will be
various questions arising in your mind after you are done with your literature case
study. To find the answers to those questions, you will have to go for minimum two live
case studies.

Always possibly go for more than two different case studies, because a comparative case study of two
or more different cases is very important and helpful.
11 most important things to analyze in any Case Study

1. Environment and micro-climate

2. User behavior and requirements
3. Utility and space enhancement
4. Form and Function
5. Horizontal and vertical circulation
6. Site Planning and Landscape detailing
7. Structural details such as Column and Beam Design, Steel and Composite structures
8. Building Services such as Fire Alarm system, HVAC, Water supply systems
9. Design detailing considering the Barrier-free environment
10.Socio-economic profile of user group
11.Parking details and standards