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ISBN 5-222-06649-5
V pasnegvraxoB orMexrias flaM.qrb. floveuy? Xor,s 6rr rroroMy,
r{To B 9KCTpeHHËIX Cr4TyAqUsx I4M llprrxoÀItTcg c6eÀaTb I{a saBT-
pax (unorga r.r na o6eg, peJfte rra yxzn) cexperuÉre ÀoryMeurlr,
qro6rr ouz He ÀocraJlttcb npary. Ho rloroM our,t tto rraMgrr{ Morvr
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\ne vrv xyxce Mrrorux Apyrfix, HarrÏca4ublx Ha oTy reuy?>
flepuoe ee AocrorrucrBo - rcparxocrb r[ JIaKoH]Ir{Hocrb.
Anrop aroË KHpIru He gaÀaBaJrcff rleJlbro (Jrritrb Bo4yt rr
nycrarbcs B npocrpanuble o6rscnenrrts. Bu yanaere ca-
Myro cyrb, Koropaff 6rrnaer rpyÀHoAocryrrna, ecJlrlt pacre-
KaTbcff MbIcJIbIOnO ÀpeBy.
B orrn.rue or Apyrux KHrIr, BAecb nrt nafiÀere orruca-
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Hbrx cropoH onlrcbrBaer oAHll u Te lrce [pr4eMbr, rr3BecTrrbre
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BeAb arr dygere Buarb cyrb, rir caMrr cMolrcere [plrÀyMarb
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rra reMy paoBlrTr{firraMffTu, [epeBogHue? Bce 4eto B ToM,
qro B Poccuu MEeMoHnra 6uta odrsnnena JrrrcenayroË.
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Ho 6y4er Jrrilpyccrufi TIeJroBeKrlcrcarb cJrolrcuble nyrn?
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coceÀoM Ha crc1nrnofi xonSepenrlur{, TaM r[... Mlroro qero
eu{e. K rorvry xce caMa Barrrrcnafl Krulrcra B KotrcanoM frê,
pe[Jrere, rro4apeuuaff na Poxr4ecrBo, c KpacrirBrru 4raaaft-
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BHÀV, .ruo6sr Bce KoJrJrerlr o6gaBrrgoBaJrucr! BpaA JrtrMoncuo
paccrarbcff c raroË xopoureurrofi nerqraqeË.

CoaepueHHoceKperHo:
6 Qeapann1922r.
UHOBLIKnepenMeHoBaH e klHOfny HKBA PC@CP.

?I ga.reM, noo6rqe, crrparultBaercg, ga6usarb roJroBy

BcgKrrMLr raMeuaMrit, te"rreQorraMrit, a4pecaMrt, Kor.qa ux
MorIcHo 3allucaTb B KpaCI4tByIo 3aIIIICIIyIO KHIIEtxy? rlro
ln, 6olrure rroMurrrb He o qeu? K rowry Ete, Meubrrre BHa-
errrb, JIyqIue cllrllub.
O .reu gro roBoplrr? rrro ro, rrro Barrcuo ÀJrff
O rou,
3aIIaAHOrO rreJIOBeKa, CMeTUHOAnA pyCCKOrO.
flycrr aro rpoaByrrur ogoË-nocneBarrrreM pyccroMy
rreJroBeKVr rro pyccrcuit veJlo^erc - cJroîrcH.ee,7aeaùovruee,
aôyuvueee u rlenpeôcrcaaVemee nnfloao ùpyeoeo veJro*etca
Ha nraHerne 7emna.
H ne xumpbLùrtt. <<
3a6 &€Kalloarc aùtu > npo rcJltovtr.,aanuc-
HbLe rcHu?tctcuu rneneQovHble HoJwepapycctcoao veJloaerca
ne ydeôuwa.
floarouy, ro-pyccru,
co sceË cepbeauocrblo uogoËgeru
K BOIIpOCyO llaMffTrir. fIOCTapaeMCg paaodparbcff B ToM, rrTo
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Brraxua He rlcueoaror deccJlegno' a coxpausrorcs B rraMs-

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orrbrr. flausm fiBJlaerc.g cgoeo6paanbrM MocroM Mencgy
HarrrrrM llpournblM u rlaruuivr 6ygyrqlrM. Venoeevecrca,n' na'
Jwgtnb sarco/upo1ava O JwuJLJIuapAa,xHepavbtx tcJlenlorc'
odpaayrct4ux Haru Jwoge, u 6 tnpuJLJruoHQ'Nc6,ffieit, nettcÔy
t{u,ù1y,.flaUgrs KA}KAOTOIIeJIOBeKAyErIICAIIrIIa, I{MeHHOOHa
otrpeAeJlser uHArrBrIAyAJrbHOCTb.

CoaepueHHoceKperHo:
2 non6pa 1923r.
rocy-
Cos4au lrlnocrpauuaù or4en O6aeÆuneHHoro
AapcrBeHnorononuruqecKoroynpaBnenun(OI-llY)
npn CoBereHapop,nuxKounccapoB(CHK).

B ucropuu lleJloBeqecrBacyulecrByer MnolrcecrBonpu-

MepoBSenouena.nrnoû rraMsrtl. Hsnecruo, rIToA.nexcan4p
Mare,qogcxufi noMHtrJIB JILrqou rro lrMeurl 30 rrrc,stl cBo-
lrx coJr4ar. Asr nuftct<*tit Sunoco(p (Dpencnc Berox rror
npoqecrË Harlaycrb Muorrre rIB cBollx rpy4oB. Jlopa Bafi-
porr BHaJrrro rraMffTu Bce cBorr cruxu. Anaepurcancxufi 6o-
TaHuK Aca lpefi rror uo rraMarrl HaBBars6onee 25 rrtcs'{
paarlrrrnbrx Bu,qon pacrenuft. Eror crrucor Morrcno rrpo-
AoJrlrcarb,qodecronednocru.

CoaepweHHo ceKperHo:
10 upnn 1934r.
Bueuuns pasBe4Kanepe4aHaB Be4enne 7 orÆena
l-naanoro ynpaBneHue rocy4apcr BeHuoù 6esonacHo'
crn (tlF6) HKBA CCCP.
s avexm0nbHue poeeeèuuxoa
MuenomexHuna
npuenu3anowuHnnun.

@esoÀ{euaJrbxasnaMarb }^renuxa Konqryqua, coxpa-

=rJa À,irff rlenoBerrecrBaBHaHua ognofi r4B ApeBnefturux
ia-:ocoQcxtlx rrrxo.n.
Cyqecrnyer rrpeÀarrue' rrro oÀrln rnra.Ëcxufi r{Mnepa-
:op 6oaee 2000 JIer HasaÀ rrponlrxctr saBr{crblo K cBorrM
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pe-rr{rr{oauËreu SznocoScrne ÂoK}rueETbI[pourJroro c reM,
cro6br n 6y4yu1eMBce Beno 6u csoe rsroucqrrcJrexlre or ero
trapcrBoBaxrrfi. On cncer Bce, rrro croJlËKo-xu6ygr rroxo4]r-
jro Ea rrzrcbMeusufi,qoKyI\leHT,BKJIIoqasE coq]Inenug Kon-
Q5qua. CgeÂexus o6 l{cropsr uMrrepus 6rtnu ]trrrrlTorrcelrbl
rr iKHJruJrrrruËn Qoprr,re rpagrlrglfi. Ognaxo cotlnuenun Kon-
Èyrrss rpo.qoJrrrcaJru cyrqecrBoBarb B rroJrnoruodgeue 6na-
roÂaps yArrBlrrenrnofi crrJrerraMaru o,$roro ronQyqnarrcxort
)îregoro, xoroprrfi coxpatrsn B MoBry }nrerrrre, ycBoerrnoe
rru B roxocrr{. floc.ne cMepr}r }rMneparopa oH BoccraxoB$Jr
T€Kcr, rrpogrrrToBaBelo nucqaM. Erc tlaMfirb 6rua HacîoJrb-
Ko coBeprrregua,rrro KorAa Mgoro ner crrycrs 6sr.naxafigena
crapaff xox$yquaucxafi pyxonucË, Karc-Tocnyraftno us6e-
ifiaBrrraa yrrlrrlToxcen]rfi, ro 6rrno ycragoBJreno,.rro yrenrufi
Ee npo[ycTr{Jr rr3 TeIccTaHrr oAHorc cJroBa,

CoeepweHHo ceKperHo:
klpna 1939r.
B cassuc oqepe4HoùpeopraHusaqneùHKBApasBeq-
Kacocpe4oroqnBaercs B 5 or4ene lyT6 HKBA CCCP.

Mnorue 6uorpaQbl nr{ûyr o roM' rITo y BeJlur(}rx ra-

JarrrJruBbrx Jrrogefi 6una npeBocxo4naff IraMETb. r{anuun
lpaHun AanceBbrBeJrcroeo6paor{yrc$opuyny: <flauffrb -
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Muoro paa 6o;ruue>.
flausrr noÂAaercrr rpeHupoBxe. Ho rpeuupoBrca ra-
MflTrr pa4vr catvroË rraMrrrlr 6ecqe.rrrna. To.rHo rar rrce KaK
6ecqe.rrrua rpeurrpoBxa Mbrrrrq pa4vr Mbrruq. ffavrsrs rec-
Ho BsalrMocB.aaauac ÂpyrHMLr rrclrxuqecx]rMtï Qynxqnn-
Mn veroBeKa - BHLIMaHueM,noo6paxcenrleM, MbrruJrenr[-
eM u r. A. Ho ranaenuorraM.ffm o6ecuequBaer rleJrocrxocrb
Vï.ee paSBUTr{e.
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ro MoxcHo cÀeJraTb cJreÀyloulue BbrBoÀbr:
1. flarvrsrb - ocuoBa pasyMa .renosena!
z.TpennpoBxa naMsrn paAlr cauoft naMrrrll 6ecqe"nr-
na. (floeroMy Hyrnuo rorruo oupeÀeJrlrrbcs c reM, BarreM
BaM paaBlrBarb cBoro naMgrb. Kcrarz, ecJlpr Mylrt He rro-
Muprr Bcero, rrro roBoplrr eMy ,rcena, z nao6opor, - gro
He Ârraruoa ÀJIff Toro, .rro6rr yJlfrruarb cBoro rraMsrb, oro
Aap Eoxcnri!)
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troÀefi 6rrna QeuovreuaJrbnafl
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Mgrb. (Tar rrro Molrtuo rrorrpo6onarr ycrauoBrrrb orre,
pe4noË pexopA lnnnecca rro cuoco6nocrlr BanoMrruarb
Lr rroJryqrrrb Ba oro Mnoro-Mnoro Aeuer u 6rrcrporerrHyro
crary!)
4. flo cJroBaM "rrrogeftBepyKlulvrx n MyÀpbrx, xorga Eor
xorrer Haxagarb, oH or6upaer paoyM, a He nausrr. fla-
Mrrrb saBrrcprr or caMoro qeJroBexa. (Ho, cy4a no ToMy,
KaK TIaCTOJIIOApI BOCICJIHqaIOT:<,Jly.rure 6br ff aToro He
gHar!ù vtr?r <Xopouro 6rr ororo He rroMgnrr!>, - cxopo
rrpu/qercfi rrrlcarb Knrrry o MHeMoHuKe nao6opor, l.e. o6
rlcnyccrne sadrrsarr. Iilgefi noxa He Barrarenronaua.)

10
v ou ex mAn bHile npUeMU 3AnOMUHAuUn. MUeuOmexXUXApAgeeô'aUXOe

5. flpexAe qeM rroBeprlrb B rlcrrrxnocrb Kaxoro-To aB-

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BCeMpaaodparbcs AocKoHaJIËrIO,He Beps llycrblM o6erqa-
ErrsM. Ioarouy cyulecrByer HeMHoro 6eaycnonublx rrpu-
qrrE, acHo Aaroqux IIoHgTb, rITo naMffTb rropa paSBrrBaTb'
A IIMCHHO:

F .reronen He rroMgrrr AeHb, KorAa eMy BblAaror aap-

rrJrary (,qeficrsyer roJrbro B ToM cJrlruae, Kor4a aap-
rJrary BblAaror perynaPno);
F .re.rroser He noMHr{T B Jlrtqo cBoero HaqaJrburlxa'
BCJTeACTBTIe qero He sHaeT' oT Kofo llpgTaTbcff Bo
BpeMff rrprlcTyfia rHeBa HarlaJlbrruxa, fioaroMy Bce-
rAa flollaAaeT r{a KoBep rrepBblM;
D o6rscuaff Ha yJrrrqe ilpoxoxceMy AoporV, tIeJroBeK
roBoplrr, rrro *r$Tvt HyrrcHo HaJreBo, a caM upanoË py-
roË noxaablBaer B npaByrc croPoHY;
) na csofi AeHb porrc4eurls qeJIoBeK Aapnr rro4aprcn
,qpyrr.rMr sa6rrn, rrro Bce AoJIrrcHo 6rrts nao$opor
(ecau, KoHeqHo, gror rreJroBex He cquraer ce6g xo6-
6urou, T.e. He aprrfi ToJrxrteuncr).
Ecru Bce oro He rrpo Bac, [pe]rcAe rIeM Baarbcff paBBLI-
BATb CBOrc IIaMfiTË, AOCKOHaJIbHOBO BCeM paAoepuTecË,
BrrRMareJIbHO llrrraff KHrrry AaJrbrue, [oroMy tITo Barrra
rraMarb erlle (u.nn yxê, trJrrl coBcelrr) He HytrcAaerca B rre-
MeAJrerruoË uououlu.
 OTTEOPUU
K NPAKTI,IKE
Ilalînm - ero xpaeyronrxufi
KaMeHb[cl4x]4qecxoro pa3B]4T]4n
14,1û.
Csteuoe

Hcropne HsfteHne naMern

Tp1':xo cxasarb roqno, KTo a KorAa rr trepBhrMnorrËr-
Ta-:cfi f,oEarb Et olrpeÂenETb, qro upeAcraBnaer co6oË
:8-\{srb. carrue trepBhre ytroMuEaEr{s o naMar}r MorKHo
eaËrs a tra@nonlu.
B rpevecxoË unQo.noruu cyulecrByer dornns raMs-
TE - Mseruosuaa (MxeMocrrna). Cornacxo uueaM, B Ha-
qare Bcero 6au 6ecQopnrexxrrfi, HeollpeÂenennrrËB cBo-
nx pasMepax Xaoc. Sareu IloffBfiJracb rur{poKoxoJrMas
les (Bervrna). floc.ne upo6yxAeglrs les poÂlrr vpana
(He6o). PoxAenuhre reefi u vpanoM rrrra'br (oxeau,
Koft, Itpufi, Iuuepuon, f,lner, Kponoc) fi rr{ra'HÂbr
(TeQna, @e6a, MneMoslrua, TeËa, (Deuuga, pea) cqu-
TATOTCA 60raUu uepBoro rroKoJreHuff.Tnranrr, B38B B
,rceHbrcBolrx cecrep, 3alloJrHr{nullpocropbr Marepn-3eru-
Jrttlr Orqa-He6a csosM noroMcrBou: ogrr Àa-[u Eaqaro
BTopoMy rrorcoJrennrc6oroa. PogusmnËcs or Kpoaa u

12
l,loneumanffi u e npueuH ganouuuauun. Mueu omexuuxa pageeôquxoa

Peu Sesc Bcra.lr'Bo rJraBe rroBoro rrorcoJleurJr6oros -

oJ'IlIMrrIIfiqes.
Mneuoarrna pogrrJraor Sesca AeBfiTb4ouepeË - Mys.
Myau - 6orunu rBopqecroro B4oxrroBenrr.ffB rrcryccrBe rr
Eayxe: Ka.nrtnona - [orcpoBrlTeJrbur{qafioaatru, Knuo -
Hcroprrr{, Menruomeua - Tpareçfrer, flovrnruunna (lr.nu
floauunrrs) - reporqecrrlx ryrMEoB,Tannn - KoMeAVwr,
Tepncuxopa - Tarrqa u uenuff, Vpanna - acrpoxowvrvr,
9rrepna - Myabrttu, rutpertrecftoftnoaalru, Eparo - nrrpï-
.recxoË u .rrro6ognofi uoegvrv!,VfuaNr 6orung rraMgrrr, KaK
MaTb MVB,y ApeBHrrXrpeKoB pacupocTpaHseTcBoe BJrr{g-
Er{e trparcruqecnlt Ha nce cQepbr ,qesreJrbnocrrrqeJIoBeKa.
Taxuu o6paaou, VXê ApeBxlre rpexrr rrperpacuo ocoarra-
BaJIrI, IITO rrtIKAKaff,qegTenbHocTb qeJIoBeKa He MoxceT ocy-

ruecrBJltrrbcff 6eg naugtu.

flarlsru - Marb My3.

Bonarep

B arou cMËrcJreMLr MaJroqeM orrrrqaeMca or ApeBrrux

rpeKoB: y rcaE(,qono,rr3 rrae B ,firI3Hrr ecTb cBoa ucTops8,
cBofl rpar€Ar{a rr cBoa lloo3rrs, BpeMfioT BpeMeHrIMbrTaIIqyeM
r{ rroeM, a nnorga, o6rruuo, Korga n.rrro6.neubl,cMorp}rM Ea
3BesÂbr.LI xar 'r{e s4ecs o6ofirucr 6ea nausru? flocuor-
prrnË Ha BBeBAbr,rroroM Bepnerub cnoft BgrnSA rra seMJrro,
rirfirrerub rrepæ uneqo na oGserr csoeË nrodslr !r cupocrrmb:
rDft, trr rro? 9ro-ro s re6.n He rroMrrK)'.
flpegcraBJrsere, KaK cJroxcno6rr BceMrraM [purrrJrocb,
ne 6y4r y Eac uanasrnt Hn na BBeBAbrHe flocMorperb, rrn
rrorauqeBarb, Hrr crrerË o ruupore Ayrrru cnoeft, ElI paabrr-

13
 3n6nuueaa
M.fl.

parb rpare4rrr) B Jruqnoft ntlranrr, H?r ycrpor4Tb Sapc n

Ka6rruere HaqarËHprna...

CoaepueHHoceKperHo:
@eapanu 1941 r.
Coe4ano I YnpaaneHueHK\E CCCP, Ha Koropoe Bos-
naraercç, BeAeHueauewueù paSBeAKn.

flepnaa Kourlerrqrff naMfiTrr [prruaÀJrex(rrr Apucro-

TeJrro, [ocBffTtrBrrreMy arofi npodleue crrequanrnrrù TpaK-
Tar - <.O naugrur tr BoclloMrrHaHurrr>. ApucroreJrb yT-
BeprIcAaJI, IITO IIaM.fiTb IIpïCyII{a II II€JIOB€Ky, tt ]ICIIIBOT-
HbrM, BocrroMrrnaur4e ,fie - ToJrbKo qeroBexy.I4ttt 6rtnu
cQopuytrrpoBaubr rrpaBfiJra .qJr,fiycrrernnoro BocnoM]rua-
raus.. ApucroreJrb rarclrce yxaabrBaJr Ha Boapacrubre rrsMe-
HeHrrff vr vrÉAplBrrÀyaJrËnbre pasJrvrqvrfi. IIaMsTpr.

CoaeputeHHo ceKperHo:
Anpena 1943r.
Paseegrcacocpe4oroqnBaercflB Vnpaenenw
n HKI-E
cccP.

SnarvrerrllruË gperuerpeqecrurfi QulocoQ flnaron B À!ra-

nore <@e4on> ofirlcblBaer cBoe [peÀcraBJleurre o rl€lMsrr4.
flo llnarouy, B Àyrue KalrcAoro rreJroBera ecrb BocroBa.fi Ao-
rrleqxa, (y Koro-To oua no6onrrue, y Koro-To rroMeubrrre, y
oAHOTO- r1r36Onee rrrrcToro BocKa, y Âpyroro - ns 6o.rree
rpaauono uttw 6onee lrcecrroro, â y HexoropËrx oH uoM.flrqe,
Ho ecrb y KoFo r[ B Mepyrl. ,{aa rore.rro6rr rrro-To coxpa-

t
{rt. uo: flcuxoJrorua rraMaru / TIon peg. IO.B. InnueupeËrep lr
B.,fi. PouagoBa.- M.: 9ePo, 2000. C. 11.

14
 npuewu3anobtuHluun.
MoneumanbHile paseeôuuxoe
MuenomexHuKo

HI{Tb B naMffII{; <MbI IIO,{KJIAÀbIBA€M ee IIOA HAIIIII OIIMqe-

IJJ/rs. v MbrcJrLr, MbI AeJraeM B Heft OTTTTCK TOr0, rrTO xOTrlM

3aIIOMHIITb !I3 BI4AeHIrOrOr CJIbImaHHOnO Ii{III CaMIIMII IIaMIlt

rrpl{ÀwaHrrolto, Ka$ 6br ocraBJrss rla HeM orfierraTKrr [epcT-

Hefi. VT ro, qro BacrbrBaer B aroM Bocre, Mbr rroMnwll'u aua-
eM, noKa coxpallaercs r.rSooparKeHr4e9Toro, KorAa )rce oHo
crr{paercfi.ullru HeT yrKe MecTa.qJIa HoBbIx oT[erraTKoB, ror,qa
]WbIgadbrBaeM ra 6onrure yïce He BHaeMrl.

CoaepueHHoceKperHo:
Mapr 1946r.
MfE CCCP,KoropoeaaHnMa-
Coe,qauoI YnpaaneHne
nocb BHeuHeùpasBe4Koù.

Anrycrun Bnarrcennrrft Anpemrft n rnure <?IcuoBeAbD

ouucËrBaeTcBoe BrryTpeHHeepa3BuTue oT MnaAeHlrecTBa
Ao rrpuusnvts.xpr{cruancrBa. ICacaercfi oH n aroË rcnure u
BonpocoB [aMaru. Ounpatrcb na co6crnennrrû orrbrr, orr
Aaer xapaxtepncrrrxy oco6ennocreù rrpoqecca BocrroMrd-
rraurrff: <Haxo4scb raM (a ùeop4ax nalw,nmu) s rpe6yro
IIoKaSaTbBce To, rrro g xoqy; oAHo IIo.fiBJrJreTca ToTlrac
)rce, Apyroe upllxoA]rTcfi ucKaTb AoJrbrrre,cJIoBHo oTrca-
trbrBaa r.r3 KaKlIx-To raûnuron; qro-To BpbrBaercff rle-
rofi ronnofi, r{ BMecro roro, qro rbl lrrqerrrb u ttpocurub,
BbrcraxrlBaer BIIepeA,cJroBHoroBopff: (MorIceT,aro nac?r>
fl urrcnenrlo rouro ux upoqb, ril, HaKoHeq, To, rITo MHe
Hy)rcuo, rrpoJrcngercfl r,rBbrxo.qtrr ug cBoux cxpbrrÉrx y6e-
)Kr{rq. Koe-qro BoBHr{KaerJrerro r[ [poxo4r{T B crpofinovr
rropaAre, KoropbrË u rpe6oBarrcs: rrAyrqee Btrepe4rrycry-

t IIur. no: flcnxoJrorra rrausTlr / tlox peg. IO.D. IuuuenpeËTep n

B.JI. PoruasoBa.- M.: 9ePo, 2000. C. 11.

15
 3n6nu\eea
M.n.

rlaeT MecTocJreÂyrouleMyc3a/qyrvr, ycTy[I4B, CKpbrBAeTCff ,

qTo6br BbIcTy[r4TbBHoBË,rcorAa fi Toro [o]r(eJraroù1.

CoaepueHHoceKperHo:
1947r.
Ilpnunro peueHue o cos4aHun Kounrera unQop-
Maunn Kn) npn Coaere MnHucrpoBCCCP, Koro-
putù o6ue4nuner BHeuH,otononurn.tecKyton BoeH-
Hyp pasBe4Kn.

Konqeuqlra fiaMaru O. Barona

cocroffJra uB AByx fre-
HuË: 1nreuue o BclloMorareJrbuÉrx cpegcrBax rraMfiTvryt ]rqe-
Eue o cauofi rraMaTrr. flo mnenuro SznocoQa, ocHoBHbrM
BC[OMOraTeJIbHËrMCpeACTBOMIIaMSTU ffBJITIeTCffIIr{CbMeH-
Hocrb. Bea raroft nououlkT naMarb He Morrcer cnpaBrrrbcff c
Aocrarorrno o6rulrpubrM tr cJrolrcnbrM MareprlaJroM.

CoaepueHHo ceKperHo:
Qeapanu 1949 r.
KH npn CM CCCP peopraHnso*aH a Kl4 npu Muuu-
cTepcTBeuHocTpaHHbtxAen.

fleproe orcrrepuMenTaJrbnoeuccJreÀoBanrreraMflTrr
6uao rpoBeAeno B 1885 r. IepuarroM O66nnrayaoru. ?Inn
6rrnr [poBeAeHbIgxcrrepllMenTbr,ilpuqeM Ha caMoMce6e,
tro ga]rqrlBatrulo 6eccnnarcJregrrËrx
cJroroB, cocroffrrlrlrx rra
AByx corJracubrx rr rJracnoË naexc4yHrrMr[. Ha ocHoBaHuH
oTlrx oxcrrepuMerrToB 6rrnu uoÇTpoenËrKJraccrrecK]reKprr-
sue ga6brBaur/rs,rroxagbrnaK)rrlfie,qro Har{do"rrrurufinpo-

t ltrur. uo: flcuxoJroruff rraMarr{ fiol, pe.q. IO.B. fuuuenpeËTep rr

/
B..fl. PouarroBa.- M.: {ePo, 2000. C. 14.

16
 u JanovuHoHus.MuenomexsuKopæBedquxoe

qeHT MareprraJra gaobrnaercrr B lleprroA, cJreAyroulnfi

ne-
nocpeAcTBeHrro 3a SaIrynBaHr{eM.
ogna uB rrepBhrx ficrxononl*rec*rfx reopuË uamsr n -
ACCOqUAT}IBIIAfi.}rA rCOP}Iff BOSIIËKJIAB XYI.I B. }I IIE [OTE.
psna cBoer0 SHarrellra rr B Hacrosulee BpeMs. B ocgone
Aarr_
uoË reopuwl rerx?rr rreHrre o6 accoqua\wu - cBas}r MerrcAy
OTAENbHbIM}IIICUXUIIECKI.TMIISBJIEIIITSMIT.fIAUgrr B
PAM.
xax sroft TeopIII[ paccMarpuBaercs nax cucTeMa accoqlla-
qnrÏ, 60.nee nJrrl Menee ycroËuuBËrx, KparroBpeMenrrhD(
tr
,foJrnoBpeMerrrrbrx. Llcxo4a uMeHHO rs aroË Teopnrr, D66wn-
rayS oTKpbrrr SaKorr gaoËIBaHUr. o4narco ara Teopu.ff ne o6rsc-
HffET UA6UPATEJIbHOCTI{ IIAMffTIT: ACCOqITA^qUII
BOSIII{KAK)TrIA
Mrrome crrrMynhr cayraËurr*r o6pa30M, a 3alloMuHaerca
rr
coxpaHsercs B IIaMATr.rroJrbKo ollpeAeJreHHaff Unsoprua rl]r8.
B xIX B. B paM*ax reurraJrËTrrcr{xoJrorura 6rrna paa-
pa6oraua reruraJrËTTeopng [aMJrru. reurraJrbr -
rleJrocr-
r{âfi crpyKTypa' [epBrlttlHaJr IIo orHorrreHuro K cBetrM
KoM-
noHeHTaU. reunaJrbr rloÀrrrrH.sercfi o[pe,qeJrerrHbrM
SAKO-
HaM: TsrOTeHUe qacTeË rc odpa3oBaHlrro crIMMerpurrHoro
qeJroro; rpyfiIlïpoBKa oTrrx "racreË B HAIIpaBJreHrlrrrrlpo-
crorbr; oarngocrr. To ecrb B llpoqeccax SarroMrrllarrna
rI
BocIIpoIIsBeAeHrs JIeEcur qenocrHas crpyKTyp8,
a He Ha-
6o p c;ryrarÏHux accoqfi arr{B'Ërx oJreMe'Tos. coorBercrBe* -
:
I so neooxoArrMo crpyKTyprrpoBarb 3alloMrrHaeMbrË
I uare-
puraJr, ÂoBoAUTb ero Ao rleJroro o6paaa. cauu
upoqeccbr
3AIIOMI{HAIIUg I{ BOCIIPOIISBEAEHUfl TEIUTAJIbTIICIIXOJIOTNA
cBssbrBaJra c uorpe6nocrbro, aKTyanË'HoË r gannrrË
lro-
MeHT BpeMeHrr. Ero norpe6nocrHoe cocroallrre cosAaer y
qeroBeKa ollpeAeneErryrc ycraHoBKy,
KoHTponupyrcqyro Ba-
rroMuHarrue urJtvrBocrrpousBeÀeH[e. oÂHaro II y arofi
Teo_
pun 6rrnr Her4ocrarKu. leruraarrllcrxonor]I croJrKHyJrtrcb

17
 M.fl.
3n6nutleea

c npo6nevrofi paaBrlrrls naMtrrrl B rrepBylo oqepegb y Ae-

refr, TaK KaK TeIIITaJIbTbIpaCCMaTpUBaIOTCgKaK IIeJIbIe'
TT3HAtTAJIbHO 3AAAHHbIE, HCPA3BIABAIOII{H CC'I CTPYKÎIYPbI'

CoaepueHHoceKqerHo:
fluaapa 1952r.
Coe*auo f\epaoe l-naeuoeynpaBnenne(f\l!) MfE
CCCP.

B na.ra.ne XX B. BOBHpIKaeT CMrICJIOBA^gTeOpIzIg IIaMflTI['

yTBeprlcAalolqag, IITO llpoqeccbl fIaMffTu HaxoAgTcg B HeIIO-

CpeACTBennOfi BaBIICIIMOcTII OT HaJlllawffi' vlfivl oTCyTCTBIltfi

cMbrcJroBbrx cBsaefi. CuucJroBoe cogeprranue sarroMrlnaeMo-

ro MaTepva;rràcTaBllTcff erofi reo-

Ha IIepBoe MecTo. Anropu
pIIII yfBep)IcAarcT, IITO CMbICJIOBOeSaIIOMIIIHaHI{e OTJIIttIaeTcff
or MexaHr/rllecKoro reM, IIBO SanoMr4HaeMbIË *rarepu€tJl BrcJIrO-
rIaeTCA B KOHTeKCT O[pe,qeJIeHHbIX CMbICJIOBTIX Cnggefi.

CoeepweHHoceKqerHo:
Mapr 1953 r.
nfy MfE peopraHusoBaHoBo 2 l-naauoe Ynpaaneune
MBA CCCP.

Henrsfi He yrroMrrHyTbpaoorrr pyccKrrx lrreHblx. Ana-

ro nuî,r,AlexcarApoBuq CrurapHoBeKCrrepIIMeHTaJIbHo Ao-
KaSaJI, IITO XapaKTep HeIIpoIISBoJIbHOIO SaIOMI4HAHTIJI CBg-
BaH C M6ITJISHIISM, a IIMSHHO - CO C1py6rypofi ,4eSTeJIb-
HOcTrr rIeJIoBeKa. JIes CennenOsu.r BrrrOrcXuË B pAMKax

paapa6otannofi IIM (KyJlbT]lpHo-ucToprqecxofi TeopuII IIo-

Be4egr{ffl u3}rrla;1 Bblc1rlue nguxlrrlegglle Qyuxrluu (u rOvt

rrlrcJre u rraMsrr), A.rrertcag.qp Potvranoguv Jlypnff rI3] raJI

18
14on eumanffi orcnp ueuu sononunauun. Muenomexxuxa paseeôquxoe

pasr{bre Qoplru HapyureHrlrs IIaMffTrlr rrpu pasrurrHbrx Jro-

KaJIbHbIX llopa]rceHufix Mo3ra.

O6ufae xapaKTepncrnKa naMertl

<fraryrsrr - aro fipoqeccËr opraHuaaqn'rr r{ coxpa'e-
HlIs [porlrJroroorrbrTa' AeJIarcIqEe BoBMo)rcHbrMero IIo-
BTopHoe uclloJlËSoBaHrre B AeffTeJrbHocrrr rlrJrr4Bo3Bparqe-
Hr.reB cÔepy co3Har{Efi>1.
Irauamb - emo cJrottcHblit,ncuxuvecrcuû. npot4ecc, co-
cmoat4uit. u3 Hecrconbrcux vacmHbLx npot4ecco6, c6a3aH-
Hbtx îpye c ùpyaou: sanoWuHaHu.e, socnpoueeeùenue, 3a-
6waanue, coxpaHeHue.

,t,:rT+iïlf"ffit+i
l-lausruMoxer 6uru reHerilqecroÉr HMMyHHoù.
l-eHerr,{ecKasnaMsrbo6ecneqnBaernepe.qa-
t{y143noKoneHnflB noKoneHne Hacne.qcreeHFrofi
nH-
Qopuaqnn, sau)raQpoeanHoù e AHK. Tar, Hanpn-
M€p, y qenoBeKa raKofi r,rHeopua4reù,nepe.qato_
uqeùcnoT po.q,rrelefix pe6eHKyB BytgereHoB,eB_
rsercs llBer rnag, LlBerBoJloc,eoprraaHoca, ry6,
BecHytuKn Harhqe, peeyc-eaKropv r.:p,.
klr,'rrvryHHan
naMflTbnpeAcTaBJreer co60ù cno-
co6nocrbopraHn3Ma oTnnqarbco6creeHHbre Kner-
KH OT npOHHt(|.UhX
143BHeq!â(epoAHbtxTen u MnK_
poopraHilsMoB. OHa yqacrByer B aulpa6orKe nM-
MyHnrera - cnoco6nocrt4 .opraHrsMa 3aqrqarb
ce6s or 6onesHerBopHbtxMHKpo6oen BhpycoB.
I Kparnufi nc[xonorr{rrecr'rË
cJroBapb.- M.: rloarrnagar, lggb. c. 280.
 M.fl.
3n6nuqeea

OAnuu rIB rJIaBHbrxrrpoqeccoB flaMffTu ,ffBJraercs3a'

rroulrraune. 9ro npoqecc SaKperrJIeH]IffHosoË unQopua-
qnfi . Sauouunanr.ieHoctrr uodlrparenrnrrfi xapaxTep. Pas-
JrrrrIaK)THeflpofi SBoJIbHOeU [poIISBOJIbIIOe Ba[OMIltHaHIIe.
HenpOuSBoJIbHoe BArrOMtIHaHue - oTo saIIOMIIIIanze 6es
SApAHee[OcraBJlennofi rIeJIrI ]I BOJIeBbIX.yCUnUft. HaUpU-
M€P, [OCJre nporynKrl no Jlecy EJII IIOCerqeHrIJrMy3es MËI
MOII(eM BCIIOMHIITb MHOIIOe U3 TOrO, qTO yBUAeJIII, XOTS

cllequaJrbHo He craBfiJl]r ce6e qenb Ha salloMvrraHue. He-

rrporiraBoJrbggMy BAIrOMIIHaIIIIIo CUOCo6CTByST .flpICOCTb'

oMorILtoIIaJrbHa.E OKparrreHHocrb o6texroB: MbI nyqrue 3a-

noMHLrM Ty KAprlrHy, Koropafi [opaSrIJIa nac 6orarcrBoM

KpacoK, vîJtu Ty MeJIOAI{rO' KOTOpAS BbrsBAJIa y HaC qyB-

STBO BoCXuIqe :evs.. HalrUqrae fi HTepeCA TA$'$e CuOCO6CTByST
He[pOTIBBoJIrHOMy BAIIOMI{IIAH}IIo. BCe }IHTepecHOe 3a1ro-

MI{HAETCff SHAqUTEJIbHO JIETqE' IICM HEIIIITEPECHOE. TAT,

rocJre gKcKypclIrl no cTaplrHHoMy SaMKy apxlITeKTOp 3a-
noMHlrT IInaHupoBKy 3aMKa, A AI43AfiHep
BHyrpeHHero osopuneH,vlÉ.vI T. A.

3anounHarbyMeer ror, KToyMeer 6ulru BHhMa-

T C Tb H b I M .
C, Axoncon

flpouanoJrËHoe BarroMunarrrae orrultaercs or Herlpouls-

BOJTbHOTO TeM, qro qeJIoBeK craBrIT [epe.4 co6oË IIeJIb 3a-
IIoMHrlTb OllpeÀeneHHyrc unQopnaaqr4ro I,r coBepruaer AJI,fl
0Toro onpe4enerrnoe BoJIeBoe ycfinrle. B gaaficl4Mocllzt or
cTeIIeHIr IToHIIMAHII8 3AIIOMIIHaeMOr|OMaTepIAaJIa IIpOIIB-
BoJIbIIoe BaIIoMIIHaHIIe MorKeT 6rrrr MexaulIqecxritM II oc-

20
MoneumanbHu e npueMbr3anoMuHouun, lrlueuomexHuKa poseeôuuxoa

MbrcJreHrrtrnr.BanoMr{HaHr{e, Koropoe ocyrqecrBJl8erCg 6ea

EoHnMarrrfi cyrlr, SBJrSerCa MexaHr{llecKutrc. ocuncJlerr-
EOe 3AIIOM]IHAHIIe OCHOBbIBAeTCfi Ha IIoEuMaHuu MaTepr&
aJra ï BKrroqaer psA norfiqecKlrx ollepaquË, Korophre Mhr
paccMorprrM c [oMorqbro cxeMbr ocMbrcJreHnoro 3aIIoMlt-
Haurrs (uo M.B. fauego, 2008):

OcogHaHheqenh ganoMktHaHnA

\
flonnuaHre cMbtcnaganoMhHalue
\
AHaans Marepnana
\
BHseneHne Hav1onee cyu{ecTBeHHbtx
Mbtcfieil
\
O6o6qenyre
\
SanonanHaHhe
ororo o6o6u{enran

Bceu rsaecTHa noroeopKan3apy6raruHa

HOCyD,T.e. XOpOIltOOanOMHt4Tb,ganOMHt4Tbpag ]l
HaBcerga.flo yrBepxÂeHiltog. BapraHbnHa,
cno-
BO (HOCDe grofi noroBopKeo3Ha,{aeT He OpraH
o6onsnns,â anâMnrHyoAou{elKy,6r,rpryÂflq aa-
nnceùo. cnoeoM (Hoc),B ApeBHOCTH Ha3btBanH
oco6yxc,qou{eqKy,KoTopytoHocunu c co6oÉ He-
rpaMorHbteno.qu. Ha orhx AoqeqKax- (Hocax,)
n Aenanuc noMotr{btocneqnanbHbtxnanoqeK3a_
MerKH-3apy1rcn.

21
 M.fl.
3n6nuqeea

fIOXaAareJIeM 1IpOIIHOCTII SaIIOMI{HaHIIfi sBJIaeTCff BOe-

rrpOr{BBeAeHIIe - 11poqegc IISB;IeqeHIIfl uB [aMffTI4 o6pa-
BOB 11peAMeTOB, BOCIpIIHI{MaSM6I1 pagee. PasIgtIaIOT He-

cKoJrbKo ypoBHeft BOCIIpO]l3BeAeHrIs. cauas fipocrafl sop-

Ma BOCIIpOtIBBeAeHpIfi - yBHaBaHpIe. VanasaHue BOBHII-

KaeT IIpfi IIOBTOpHoM BOCrrpLTffT?Iu o6beKTa. flcnxo.rrOru

pa3JrrrqaloT IIoJIHOe I4 HeIIOJIHOS yBHaBaHI[e. flOlnoe yA-

HaBaHrre flpoucxoAfrT, Ha[pIIMep' IIpu BcTperre xopoÛro

BHaKOMOTO rIeIOBeKa. BnOsr BOCnpflHfiTbIft O6paa ATOrO

r{eJroBexa cpagy ,ICe oTO}ICAeCTBJISeTCa C TeM o6paeo*r,
KOTOp6IË xpaHIITcff B [aMffTlI. HeuOlnge yBHaBaHIIe xa-

paKTepfisyeTcsTpyAHocTSMIIcooTHeceHplffBHoBbBoc[pu.
HSTOTO [peAMeTa c TeM, qTo rlMeJIo MecTo B llpeAblÀy-
rrleM OnbITe. Hanpnltep, yCJIIIIIIaB MyBbIKaJIbHOe upOIIS-

BeAeHrre, qeJIoBeK MotrceT Bc[oMHrlrb' rrro yrKe KorAa-To

CJTrIIIIaJI ATy MeJIOÂIIrc, HO He CMOTICeTBCuOMHIITI HaBBA-

HII9 ilpOIISBeÂeHI/ts.

Co6crser{Ho BocnporrgBeAeutre, vîrv BocrroMrluauïe'

sBJrae1cfi cJIorKHoft Qopruofi npoqecca BocnpousBeAeg1Iff.
OnO upOucxo4ll1 6es uOstgpugro Bocrrplls1lls To1.o' tITo
BOCCOBAaSTCS. TaX Xe ftaK 113a11OM]I11aHIIe,upOqeCC BOc-
11pOuBBeAeII[IEMO)ICeT6rrm [po![SBOJIbHbIM LIJIII He11pO-
r.rBBoJrbHËIM.flpu upOIIaBOJIII{OM BocIIpOu gBeAeHIIu IIe JIO-
BeK rrMeeT coSIIaTeJIbIIO IIOCTaBJIeHHyIOqeJlb BCIIOMHIITb

22
MouesmanbHue
n u 3anovuHoHun. MuenomexsuKapæBeôquKoa

.rro-.nn6o, HarrpllMep HoMep re;reQona 6an:fta

u[rur reope-
nny flu(paropa Ha gKBaMeHerro reoMerpuu. HeuporraBoJrb-
Hoe BocIIpolISBeAeHue llpoucxoÀrlT rreorKrl,qaHHo AJIfi rrac
caMrrx: o6paa uJrlr cBeÀeHlrff Bc[JrbrBaK)T B COSHArrr4rw6ea
OCOSHAHHOTO HAMCPCHIIfi. TAX, IIPOXOÀff MIIMO IIIKOJIËI,
qeroBerc Morfier BcnoMuurr o6pae l rrrreJrff.

CoaepweHHo ceKperHo:
Mapr | 954 r.
Bueutuss pasBe,qKaBosnaraercs Ha llepaoe l-naeuoe
ynpaBneune (l1lT) Kounrera rocyA,apcrBeHHoù6e_
sonacHocrn npu CM CCC?.

.Iro6rr cpaBgrrrË arlr

ABa [poqecca Bocr'po'BBeÀerr]rs-
yBHaBaHwev BocrroMlrHaHrle'BbIIIoJIHurecJle,qyrculr{ e,qBa
TecTa.

23
 14.n.
3n6nutleea

Tecr aYgnagaHre QuryPrt

Ba ogny MrrHyTy sAEOMHr{re@nrypbr, rrso6paxcennsre
Ha prrrc.1. Sarerc IIepeBepHHTecrpaHrlrly rI Ha p}Ic. 3 nafi'
qscro upa-
Àr{re aru $urypbl cpeg}r Apyrux. flogcuuraËre
BIIJIbHbIX OTBETOB.

OO T
+ X
A fl Puc. 1

I Tecr uplrBeÀeuno: gsquxrose,quqecruË croaapb tolroro 6uolora. -

M . , 1 9 8 6 .C . 2 1 9 .
MoneumonbHue
npuevu3anoMuHonun. pageedquxoe
Mueno'mexHuKa

Tecr aBocnponsBe,qenlte
Onryprt
Ba o,qrryMunyry BarroMnrrreSnrXpru, lroo6panrcerrxbreHa
prcyrrxe 2, uepeaeprrrre crparruqy n uo rraMar]r napncyùre
aru $nrlpbr B cerry KBaÀpara Ha puc. 4. Cpannure Barrïrr
cxeMbrc puc. 2 u nogcurarafire qlrcJro [paBnnbrrbrx orBeroB.

UI !
r
VA Puc. 2

I Tecr rrpr{BeÀeuno: 9nqnxrorte,qllqecrnfi caonapËnuoro

6no.nora. -
M . , 1 9 8 6 .C . 2 1 9 .

25
 lYI.fl.
3n6nuqeea

ODO o
n T fl O
ffi O I
+ A DX n
Pnc. 3

26
MoneumanbHue
npuevu3anowuHeuun. paæeôuuxoa
MueuomexHuKa

Pnc. 4

27
 ful.tl.
3n6nuueea

fIoAgeAeM rlroru recra.

Cxopee Bcero, KoJlrittlecrBorrpaauJlbnbrxorBeroB B rrep-
BoM recre (na ysnaBanue) 6rrno 6onrure, qeM Bo BropoM
(ua aocuoMr{Iraulre),u Ha BbInoJrHeHue rrepBororecra 6rtno
Barpaqeno Merrbrrreycrl.nttfr, veu rra BblnoJrrreurIeBTopo-
ro. Eru pegyJIbTaTbIerqe paa IIoArIepKrIBaroT'rITo yguaBa'
Hr{eaBJIffeTCs6ônee[pOcTbIMenOCo6ouBOcrrpOuBBeAeHIIff'
qeM co6crBeHHoBocllpor3BeAeHue,urvr BocrroMuHaHne.

CoaepweHHoceKperHo:
klpna 1978 r.
nfy KF6 npn CM CCCP nepenMeHoBaHoa nfy KfE
CCCP.

Bce, qro qeroBen BarloMunaer, co BpeMeHeMrrocre-

rrenno ga6srraercg. SadrrBaulre - oro rrocreflennrrft npo-
qecc, rcoroprtË xapaxTepr[Byercff yMenbruenr{eMBoaMorrc-
IIOCTU npUnOMLIHaIIU,I II BOCIIpOIISBeAeIIIIA 3âyUgHHatt
Marepr,raJra.To ecrb gadsrsantî.e- sro flpoqecc, o6par-
uuË aanoMuuauulo. Ba6usauue Molrcer rlpoffBJlsrbcfi B
AByx ocnoBuËrxQopuax : HeBosMolrcHocrbK) BcnoMr'urrbulrfti
yonarb (no.nnoe ga6rrsauue) unw HeBepuoeBocrroMurranue
uJrrr yBHaBaHIre(vacruvnoe ga6ËIsaxlre).

AMHegnq- HapyueHhe naMsrl4, Bo3HnKaloqee

npH pa3nhl{HbrxnopæKeHrsxMo3ra. Pagnh\ta}orgBa
ocHoBHblxBhÂaaMHe3nn- perporparqHyloH aHTe-
porpaAHylo. npn perporpaAHoù aMHesnhh3 naMfl-
rn auinagaor AHH,MecsLlbln .qæKeroAbl, npeAlue-
crByor4tle 3a6oneBaHup.AnreporpaÂHaeaMHe3ilR

28
{t MoueumanbHg!9
npuequJnnoMuH0uun, paeeeôuuxoe
MxeuomexHuna

xapaKTepnsyerceBbtnarqeHueM
HgnaMernco6urufi ,
npoucxop3u{t4xHenocpe4crBeH
Ho nocJresa6oneea-
HÂn.Iïo xapat$epy ranQoplaat1;nn,
Koropyto6onu-
Hofi ne Moxer BcnoMHl4Tb,
pasrilqator penpogyK-
aMHe3nlo- HeBoSMOXHOCTb
rlr4oHHyto BCnOMHHTbB
Hprnulfi MoMeHTqrcflo, AAry, HMR,TepMHH,onpe-
,qeneHne, QurcaqhoHHyto aMHegHo - HeBogMox-
'Hocrb ganoMuHarbreqyque co6urrs.

CoaepweHHo ceKperHo:
Hondpal99l r.
Bueu uns pagBeAKa cTaHoBnrcn caMocronrenbHHM op -
raHoM,BbtBo4t4Tcens cocraaaKI-Su nepeuMeHol*Ba-
ercfl a Qenrpananyacny>r6ypasleâ,KuHCel CCC4.

OcHoeHble Bng,bl naMgrtl

Cyulecrnyer HecxoJrbro xnaccu$nxaquft BrrAoBrraMa-

Tu. c ognofi lrg KJraccusuraquft - rro aarroM]rrrarruro(upo-
tlSBOJrbHAffIr HellpotrSBoJrbHaff)- Mbr yECerroSHaKoMlr-
Jrucb B trpeÂbrAyrrleMpasAeJre.K.uaccnQuxaqus raMfiTr{
IIo coAep]r(aHrrrc(uo xapaKrepy rcuxuqecxoË aKrrlBHO-
CTU) HACqITTbIBACT qCTbIPE TI[[A IIAMSTrI: ABIITATCJIËIIYIO,
o6paanyro, cJroBecno-Jroruqecryrou aMorluonaJrbrryro.
r CoaepweHHo ceKperHo:
:
-t 18 Aexadpn 1991 r.
Cos4ana Cnyxâa aueuJneù pas*e4Kn poccuùcxoù
(cBp po).
cDeaepaunn

29
 3n6nuqeea
M.fl.

Sauovrunanvre, coxpanenure v BocrrporraBeÀenrlre paa-

Jrnrrubrx,qnulrceuuft cocrasJrfl er ocnoBy ABrrrare.nrrrofi na-
MffTrr. 9ror B?rArraMsrrr npoffBJrffercJr B TpyAonoË, upo]ra-
BoAcrBeunofi 4eareJrbuocrur v fiBJrflercs 6aaofi ÀJrff Qop-
urapoaaHrrff TpyÀoBbrx HaBbrKoB, a raxlne xo4r6rr, nucb-
Ma lI r.A. Eeg rraMffTrr Ha ABr,rxceurrfiqeroBery npuu"nbcr
6u xaxcgrrË genr sauoBo )ruurbcs Bbr[oJrnsrb olpeÀeJreu-
nrre 4eficrBrrs, HarrpfiMep, ]rqr{Tbcs xoAr{Tr. PfueHHo ÀBLra-
TeJrbHaff IIaMsTb rroSBoJrfleT nprarrHcTy HrpaTb My3ËrKaJrb-
HbIe rrporraBeÀen]rs 6ea Hor prJrr4e uoruofi TeMHore. Jfto4lr,
y Koropbrx npeo6laÀaer ÀBrrrareJrbrrafl rram.flTb, Jr1nrrrreBa-
IOMIIHaIOT TeKCT, 9CJI}I[pOr{JIrr erCI BCJr}rXr,rJrlrnepefrvrca]ruI.

CoaeputeHHoceKperHo:
nOCOnbCKUn 1PUKAS - nepBuù s Poccun caMo-
crosrenuuaù rocyAapcrBeHHbtù opran, ae,qaeutnù
BceMn BonpocaMn Mex4yHapoAHbtxorHorxennù. Ou
6arn coe,qau Lleauou [-posHbtM(lV) a 1549 r. ,Qo co-
aAaHun lI oconacKoro np n KagaAu nno Mar n Ltec Ku e Ao -
KyMaHTHxpaHunhcb BMecre c uapcxoù xasuoù. B ror
nepuoq pasnnqnù uex<gy éa,HnnoMaru,iæxoù n pa3-
B?AHBATenbHOù AesTenbHOCrbnnæKrHLteCKHHe cy -
uJecTBoBano.
,0,nnnoMaT,KaKfipaBnfio. BdnonHnn n
Qynx4un pasBeA.tuKa.

Odpasratr naMsrb - tro 3i:trlovrrgrrlre o'6paaoB pauee

BoclrpunlrMal rlrux cE rlp€JlteroB, sqqes'rË trptrpoÂbr, Kap-
TprH )nrIaI{rI. B BaBncrxoertl clr lom, Ëanitru oprauoM
rryBcrB Boctrplrnrrtlalore.E oûrerrg rtlT g-q:errrrff, o6pae-
Ilyro uavaTb uo.trpa3Je-aEllt Er qfieJLE]-ro, ciryxoByro,
ocgaareJbn)-ro, o6oe.n'e.lruyn, E cog:rc.

x,
MoneumanbHu e npuevH 3anoMuHauun. MxenomexHuKapazeeôuuxoe

JlroAsru c upeo6ta,qaurreMapurnenwtoît.naynrrra neo6xo-

ÀrrMo Br{Asrb garroMtrrraeMyrouuSopuarlfirc B BrdÀe,Hanprr-
Mêp, Harrucauuono rexcra. Korga onrlr BocrrporraBo4ffTrrro-
TO IIO rraMsTr/r,To MbrcJreHHoBuArrT sprrTeJrbnrrËo6paa u
qraTarorero. Oco6enno xoporuo BprrreJrbua.firraMsrb paaBu-
Ta y xyÀolrcrrlrron. Irïssecruo, 'lroIL.IL Jlenrran uo na6poc-
KaM, c4enarrnbrMJreroM, Mor guMofi Boccoa4aBarbHa rro-
Jrorue Kaprrrnbr npupoAbr. Xy4oxcurrK [xc. PeËHonr4c
flrlcaJr [opTpeTbr IIo IIaMfiTrr, Jrrrrnb]r31qs3 B TeqeHueHe-
Koroporo BpeMeurr[oarlpoBaBrrreroeMy qeronexa. O4xaxc-
gu QpaxrlyocxoMy xy4olicHrrxy frocrany Jhope nagareJrb
uopprrJr cgeJrarbplrcyuor c SororpaSuu anruuËcrono Br{Àa.
Arcpe yrrreJr,sadbrs Bssrb c co6où QororpaSuro, oAHaKoHa
cJreAyroqnË 4enr rrprruec coBepruexno rorrnyro Korrrrro.

CoaepueHHoceKperHo:
1PUKASTAÙlHblXAEn - oco*as KaH4ennpun, cosÆaH-
Hafl B 16il r. UapeMAnexceehnMnxaùnoenqeîû.gra
cne4cny>x6a Ha.tanapadorara napannenbHoc flocona-
cKnMnpnKagoM.Ona Bgenana ce6s BcepasBepHBa-
TenbHHeQynruun. Taxnu o6pasou, BnepBHe6uno
npegt pnHnrocrpyKrypHoews4eneHne At4rno Maruu u
pasBe4Kn. B perynapuynnryffnKy cercpernoùnepennc-
KnBBo4ercnceKperHbrc wuQpat Ynpas&ieHB 1676r

Xopomafl BpureJrbnafi rraMaTbnadtro4aercs ll y ruax-

MarrrcroB. Llanecrno, rITo oArrg trg Br,rAarouluxca [rax-
Marncron XIX s. flo.nr Mop@u Mor rrparb BoceMbuapruË
oAuoBpeMerrno,He rnaAa Ha rrraxMarrryp Aocry, a A. A.ue-
xrlu rrpoBogrrn ceancbr oArroBpeuennoft [rpbr {BcJre[yrot
na 30-40 4ocxax.

31
 M.n.
3n6nutleea

t-lp utvrep3aMeqaren uuoft 3phren bHoÉ ruaxMarHo fi

naMRThonncaH CreQaHola [eeÉrorr,t e nllJaxnaarHoù
Hogenner. Fepofi erofi HoBennH- rqoKTop5. Mor no
naMsn4Bocnpor3Becrh 150 ura,ruarHblxnapruil, cblr-
paHHbrxgHaMeHhruMl4ulaxMarucraMh. nCnloft cBo-
ero aoodpaKeHns q Mor Bocnpoh3Becrh B yMe uax-
crporofi onpe-
AocKyraQrarypun 6naro,qapq
MarHyro
.qeneHHocTnnpaBiln cpa3y xe MblcneHHooxBaTblBan
nro6yro roru6nHaqh0. Tar onutrHuù MygblKaHT, eÂ,Ba
B3rneHyBHa HOTbl,CnbluJHT naprlllo KaxAoro nHcrpy-
MeHTa B OTRenbHOCTl4H BCe fOnOCaBMeCTeor.

JIpAn c xoporueft cnyxoaoit' nanttarËroJIFrrre sanoMu-

Haror ry unsopMaqup, Koropyrc ycJlblrrlarv- B npoqecce
BOCtrpO11gBeAeHII,fi OHfi O6u.rnO BC1rOMIaHArcT He TOJIIKO
CMbrCJrTeKCTa, HO u IIHTOHaIIuIO, c XOtOpOfi 6rrn npOqIITaH

4auu6Ë TeKcT. Clyxoaafi IIaMsTr s Hau6onrurefi cTeIIeHIa

paaBura y MygbIKaHToB. Braorpa$rt Moqapra onucblBalor

ritcroplrro, rloBecrByroqyrc o ToM, IITO KOMrrOSlrrOpO6la-
AaJr orJrlr.urofi cJlyxoBofi uaustrro. B rcHocrll Moqapt ona-
BaJrcff n Pnvre u ycJIbIIIIaJI B Co6ope Cssroro flerpa 9-ro-
nocnoe flecnoneuue lperopllo A.nnerpu Miserere. Boanpa-
Tr{BrrrugË gOuOfi, OH BaIIUCaJInO IIaMfiT}I 3TO COquHeHUe'
ffBJrsBIIIeecg codCtseuuocrbro uancxofi Ka[eJIJIbI ]I sanpe-
rrleHHoe K KorrupoBaHrlro.
PaccnagrtBalor, tITo rtTaJlrnxcxufi KoMrlogrrrop Poccu-
nu nro$nJl pagbIIpbIBATb;rrO4efi, He SHaBIIIux o ero BSJMKO-
lreunofi rraMsrfi. Tax, HarrprlMep, rrocJle roro' xax Qpaxrlys-
t
llaeûz C. Co6panuecoquneuÈfi: B

32
 UKOp13sedqn KOI
3OnOMUHOHUil. MHeMOmeXH

cn*rir, soar A.nribpen Mrocce upoqelr Earrucannoe rrperqbr4y-

qefi HorrbrocrraxorBopeurrfi n 60 crpox' Poccnrul l]oBToprrJr
EIO CJIOBO B CJIOBO, CKASAB' IITO CJIbIIuAJI ATII CTTIXU EIqC B

AercrBe. Arrarrorrnrnrrft cn]t raË orrucarr n n 6uorpaQrul ea-

MetrareJrÉrroncpyccKoro IluarlrltcTa r{ KoMrrosrmopaceprea
PaxrrarmrroBa. ORna.lrcAur TaneeBy,qon)rcen6rnr rrpuexarË
lnasynon, uro6rr cËrrparb roJrbxo rITo Ha[rrcarrryro trbecy.
flepeÀ ert) [prrea.qoM Tanees ctrpffTarl n 4pynoË KoMHare
PaxnnannrroBa - Tor.qa cryAexta KorrcepBaropuu. rlepea
r{exoropoe BpeMa rrocJleroro, rcax InagyrroB BarcoEtIr{JIrrr-
parb, PaxuanuuoB ceJrBa poJrJrbu [oBToprlJr [oJrrrocrbro ero
cJIO)KrrOe COIIIIIIeIIIIe, IIe rIMefi HoT, - JIrIIIË UO CJr]rJry.

CoaepueHHoceKperHo:
1PEOEPAXEHCKWÙ\ npUXnA - opraHnaaunn,co-
aAaHHafl[TerpomI Ms 6opa6wc BHWqaHHUMU Bpa-
raMn rocy4apcrBa(xontppasaegxa).B nepnoq Mex-
Ay nnKBu4auneùs 1572r. onpuqHnHHn cos4aHueM
a 1697 r. llpeodpaxeHcKoronpuKasaa Poccuu He
cwecrBoBano ueHTpannsoBaHHoù cnyxdu "raùuoù
nonnuuu". Ilpnxas npocyluecr*oBanrpn4qarb ner,
nnKBuAupoBaH a 1699r.

V ncex mogeË AoBonbuoxopomo pailBtrra r[ BprrreJrËEa^a,

r cnyxoBag lraMffrb. Teu Ee Merree,KTo-rlo n5nrme BarroMrr-
rraer ry rrgQopMar{ûro, Koîopyro ycnbrlrraJr, a KTo-To ry,
Koropyro )rBrr,qeJr. Haupnnnep,qacrb cry4errroB Jrfrme Barro-
Mrlrraer Marepualr, paccraaasnblfi upetroAaBareJreMrra ner-
{Il}l, a qacTË - To, rITo 11poqv1TaJrtl. B Vrlefi11uxe.
finn roro.rro6rr Bbr.ficrrrlTb,KaKaff traMsrË upeo6.nagaet
y Bac, BbrtroJrrrurecne4ylorquË îecr.

2 3n6nraqeeaM. A 33
 3n6nuqeea
M.fl.

Tecr rrCnyua.o nnn Bnxfrl

1. ClyxoBaa [aMsrb. floupoczre BarrreroApyra upo-

rrr{TarbcJre,qypquËpsg cJroB:
,[npnxa6nu
flauna
fl6noro
Kapangar.u
l-poea
Yrra
O6pfr
Menunrqa
flonyrafi
r|ucror
A reuepb galtrrrur{Te cnoBa, Koropble Bbr BarroMnr{Jrr{,
n ra6a. 1. Cneprre BarrucarrrrbreBaMrrrcnoBa co crrxcrcoM,
troAcrrr,rrafire qrcro upaBlrJrblrblx orBeroB.

CoeepueHHo ceKperHo:
TAnHAn KAHUEngPng - cosAaHaB tTtg r. B cuc-
TeMe rocy4apcTBeHHoro ynpaBneHne oHa BHnonHe-
na Qynx4uu nonnruqecKoro paccne4oBaHue (cuc-
xa). CosaaHHaflA,nnBeAeHnecneAcrBnn no Aeny ua-
peBuqa Anexcen llerpou I , oua Haxo4nnacbnoq nnq-
HbtMKoHTponeMUape, KoropHù cau HepeAKo npn-
HuMan yqacrne B ee pa6ore. OrAenenne KaHuens-
pnu pacnonaranocb B |lerep6ypre, a l-lerponaBnoB-
cxoù Kpenocrn. Ee orqeneHne ras.e pa1orano a
I Cnncru cJroB rrpnneÀeuËr so: Pe;l;ari.w T-A- Mttrmo H.@.Ilcnxo-
AuarHoqruqecxre xsrt)Àrr E3yqerna rrqrffir. - X-, 2OO3. C. 33.

æ
Moneumonbnue
npuewu3anonuHonun. pozeeôuuxoa
MuenomexHuna

Mocxae.B 1826roqyTaùuan KaHuenf,pus6una nnK-

Bn4npo*aua.Ha ee Mecre 6una cog4aHaKanuenn-
pnn raùnwx pogbtcKH*xA,en.

2. SpureJrbuasrraMsrb.flpourrafiTe crrrcorccnoBogrrrr
pao rpo ce6s:
Cauoner
LlafiHrr
6a6oqra
Horn
Cee.{a
Ta.{ra
XypHan
MaurnHa
Cron6
Spenuo
cnona BarrururlTecJroBa,KoropbreBbI garroMrrrrJrrl,
B
ra6a. 1., cseprre Barrru aallucu co cnucKoM cJroB, Ilo,qcq\4-
raËre qrrcJro trpaBrrJrbrrbrx orBeroB.

CoaepueHHo ceKperHo:
TAnHAg eKCnFAnUng - cos4aua6atnanpn Cena-
re B 1762 r. B uee nepeunu Bce KoHrppasBeAHBa-
renbHwe Qynx4uu. Ann 6opa6u c uHocrpaHHuMn
areHTaMneKcne4uuuflBBenan cTanaeeeercuano
ncnonbsoBarbuHcrurg ocBeAoM nreneù æ py6exon.
Llepes Hnx, .<KonQn,qe
nrOarr,poccu ùcxue cne\cnw-
6u nonytanu AaHHbteKaKHa unnoHaB, gacnaHHbtx B
Poccua, TaKn HasaBepûoaanuaxuMn coTpyAHnKoB
na qncna poccnùcxux noq4aHHbtx.

35
 3n6nu4eaa
M.fl.

Ta6tuqa I
Cnlxoeafl naMflTb 3pnrenuHafl naMflTb

Llucno npaBhnbHbrxorBeroB

fIoAneAeM urorr recra.

Ecn*r BËI BanoMHrIJrr46o.rrme cnoB Ea trepBoro ctrrrcxa,
To y Bac [peo6nagaer cJryxoBag rraurrb, a ecJrr{ EB BTopo-
IO - sprrTeJrbHa.fl.

CoaepweHHoceKperHo:
OCOE\IU KOM4TET. Taùnas oKcneAnr+4snpeKparn -
na cBoe cwpcrBoæHne c nptuo4oM Ha npæron Anex-
caH4p l. Ee QynKWH 6unn neæa,aHu flepaouy u [1n-
ToMyAenapraMeHTauCenara. Ho ua,taBunect Hano-
neoHoBcxne eoùuu norpefuænH nepæMorpa aceù
cncreM H pa3BzAHærenbHoù n xonrppg BzAHBarenb-
noù pa6orw. B flHBape 1807 r. co34aeræ Oco6aù xo-
MnTeTAns PCCrlrOTWibtsAelTnOnWTWneHnsM, <<t<JlO-
HçruMMceK Hapryexun o6qero cnoKoùcrann" (e Ao-
KyMeHraxBCTpeqaeTæn ppype Ha3æHueSToroopn-
ua: "Kouurer oxryHeHnso6ueù 6esonacnocru").Ko-
Mnrer npocyuecrBoaan ao 1829 r.

36
 Monenmanffi u e npuenu sanon uuauun. li uenomexnuxa pos eedquxoe

Tecr rrGnoaecxulÛ nOPrPerrl

Dror recr rrogBoJrrrr orle'rrrb, rracroJrb*o xopoûo y

Bac pasBr{Ta splrreJrbrras IIaMsrb. Bu6epure treJroBeKa,
II xoroporo Bbr BrrArlrreKarrcArrË4exr, r rrocrapaËrecb co-
l cTaBr{Tb onucallfie ero BHerrrHocTrI.
I
t Pocr -
I
(ovenu aarcorcuû.,6blcotcu.it,aanue cpeùrueeo,cpe/ruuû.,
Huntcecpeùneeo,nugrcuû, ovevb ruusrcuû)

Bec -

I{ner Bonoc -

,{.nzxa BoJroc-
( ùnurunwe, rcopotnrcu.e,
unu omcrmcrnsynn )

Ecrr JrrlrJrbrcuna? -
(a aanneutuvbt ,ceJnnpoepotsenaû)

(Dopua nuqa -
( ônunnoe, rcpv?noe,onalLbvoe,rceaùpamnoe
)

Ecrr Jrr[ Becuymxn? -

@oplra .u6a -
( aatcotcuit,,nu.ercuû;nnocrct^ttt,,
eurnyrcnatû)

I Boupocrr recTa cocraBrerbr

uo: caonecrrrË uoprpe-r / / ?a4",xaone-
Àua ucrxorrôru.recxnx rscroB. - M.: gKcMo-npecc, lggg. c. 444-4g0.

37
 I
3n6nuqeaa
M.tl. I

I{ner rnaa - {

(Dopua dponeft -
( npnnate, ôyeoodpaavble,Hllsrcue, autcorcue)

,{runa pecnrrq -
( rcopomrcue,AJruttnate)

Paauep ry6 -
(yarcue, wuporcue)

(Dopua nepxueft ry6u -

( ôey xeeptuurrtro,n, oùnoaepu.unnaa )

(Doprrrauo,q6opogKa -
( rceaùparnnatit,c ,NJoweoû,,ôaoi.tttott.,nnocrcutt. aatôa'
nt4uitca, nnocrcuit.)

Paauep yureft -
( manenarcueuJLu6oawaue)

flporconorbl JIII yuru?

B 1879 r. AnuQoHcSepruirrou- cnlDKauluÉna-

pr4xcKoùnonut4nu,paspa6oran Mero,qugentwQu-
KaqnhnloAefi,ocHoBaHnufi na rt4arenbHoM143Me-
peïuu qenoBeqecKoro rera. Bcq coeoKynHocrbno-
nyqeHHbrxMerp'rqecKLlxAaHHblxBHochnacb3aTeM
B nepcoHanbHyto Kaproqqy.Tarxe oH pa3pa6oran

38
 pazeedau
Mnenome)Hu,Q
npuerruSanowuHouun.
MoneumanbHb,e xoe

,MeroAcnoBecHoronoprpera, 3aKnoqatoqnÉcse
onncaHru BHeulHeroBu,qaqenoBeKa,oAexÂH, ro-
JIOCa,COqHanbHOrOnonoxeHug,ulpaMoB,poAt4HoK,
raryr4poeox.CnoaecHuùnoprper Ao ct4x nop Lrc-
nOn h3yeTCq B Kpl,lMl,lHanl4CTnKe.

Ea BKyc (arcyco-
flausm rra salraxw (o6ottfl.lrrenbrr.un),
6afl) pasBrrra o6rr.rno B MenbrrreËcrenesu. O,qnaro y He-
Koropbrx aro4eË orra MoJrcer6tlrr ne4yu1efi cpe4rl Apyrnx
Brr,qoBo6paanoË narvr.sru. Haupuuep, y ,qerycraropoB'
cueqrraJrrrcroBrro qaro, auaroxoB Britn,uapQtoltepoB rr r.A.
OcaaarneJlbnoa rraMarb rarrre o6rr.ruo uJroxo paaBrlra y
g,qopoBbrxnrogeË, Ho V cJlerrbrx uMeHHo aror BrrA rraMfiTrr
6rrnaer orregb xopomo pagBrrr.

CoeepweHHo ceKperHo:
nO-
MnHnCTEPCTBA
ocosEHHAnKAHUEnnPnq
nn4Wn. era xau\enepue AeùcrBoBana napannenb-
Ho c Ocoduu KoMnreroM KaKopraH nonnruqecKoro
pos*cKa. Eù npe4nucbtBanocb Be4arb KAenaMn no
BqÆo McTByn HocTpaHueBn SarpaHnqHHM nacnopTaMr"
- 6Op*
KrlercypHoù peBngueù,' n KAenaMuOCO6HMw,,
fuù co unnoHæKeM. llpexparnna cgecrBoBaHne KaK
caMocrosrenauuù opraH B 1819 r. (nepeeeAeHa B
MunncrepcrBo BHWpeHnnx Aen).

II n nayruoft, r[ B xyAorrecrBessoË nuteparpe ouncan

sQQerr cuv.ectnesuû, npoaanarorqufica y aro4eft co cJlrrlrr-
KoM crrJrbrro paaBrroË odpaanofi rraMarbro. fIoA TepMrrHoM
3crrEecîeSrrsr noApaS]4ueBaerlc.ffrroBbrlueEEa.firryBcTBImeJIb-
HOCTb,KOrAa, EarrprrMep, 3ByK, EapffAy co cJryr(oBbrMolr{y-

39
 3a6nutqeea
M.fl.

qeErreM' BËI3ËrBagr qBeToBoe' BKycoBoe otrIyqeEve \rlrEt

OIqYIqCHI{E IIPITKOCHOBEIITIff.TArCrNr"r<qBCTIIbIM CJIYXOM} -
o6aa4anr Baagrauup Ha6oron. Bor KaK orr onucbrBaer cBoe
Bocrrpr{ffure 6yrcn B KrrEne er{pyrue 6epera>: <I{neruoe oII{y-
rqeHrre co3.4aercfi, rro-MoeMy, ocrrgareJrbrrblu, ry6nrrM, qyrb
JIN IIC BKYCOBËIMI4/TËEM. rrrOoN OCEOBATEJIbIIO OUPCAEN}ITb
oxpacxy 6yrcnrr, s\on*cen 6yxy trocMaxoBarb, ,4arÉ eË na-
6yxryrr rz.nra.rrgJryqvrrt,cs Bo prv, troxa noo6paxcaro ee BpLr-
renrnrni y3op... rrepuo-6yp]4o rpyrry cocra&rrsror: rycToe,
6esralraÉcrono rJrsxrla, A; ÀonorËEo poBgoe (uo cpaBrregrrr)
c pBaEbrM R) P; KperrKoe KarryKonoe f; ?I(, oranrvalorqeecs
m ÔpasqyscKoro J, rcax rropffiaË uroKoJraÀ oT MOJTOT{HOnO;
TeMrro-Kopr,{qrreBoe, cxrtroJrrfpoaaErroe fl. B oeaecoË rpytrrre
6yrcnrr JI, H, O, X, E upe4craBJrsror, B eroM rropfiAre, Ao-
BOJTbHO 6"rre4xyro pJ/relv rr3 BepMr.mreJryr,cMoJrerrcKgfi lcarrrl{,
MrrrrAaJrbrrorT)MoJIoKa, cyxoË 6ynrcn ï rnng4groro xne6a.
Ibynrry Myrrrux rrpoMerr]r'rormbrx orreuron o6paayror KJrrr-
cropHoe rI, rryrrrzcro-cr{3oe III rr raKoe Jr(e, Ho c [por$eJrrbro
II{. flepexoAJr K crrertpy, HaxoAr.rM: rcpacgyro rpyrmy c Brrru-
HeBo-rcupnurrrlbrM B (ryqe, ï{eM B), poaono-$nanelenrru M
rr po3oBaîo-TeJrecHËrM (vyrr NceJrîee, ueu v) B; rrcenryro rpyr-
rly c op€lllrrceBuu itr, oxpflEËrM E, uarrearuu ,{, cBerJro-IlaJre-
BbrM H, aoaou{crbrM v u aaryneBbrM IO; aeneuyro rpyfiry c
ryarrreBbrM fI, urr.nrHo-oJrbxoBËrM (D r.r llacreJrËHrrrr T (nce
9To cyme, rreM vrx JrarIIHcKr4e o,qEo3BYqvts.); u, rraKoHer{,
cullroro, uepexoAffrqyro n suoneroBoe rpyfiny c ]rcecrsHbrM
L{, nnanffro-roxy6rnn C, qepHr.urbHbrM K u dtecrsule-crïpe-
nesrru 3. Tarosa Ùroa as6yqnaff paÀyra (BËEIICKB)>t.
<{nernoË cryx,l B. Ha6oxoBa pac[pocrparrfiJr cs. prga roJro-

I Hadorcoa B.
fuynae depera / / c;o6rp'"ne coqr{Hegr{li: B 4 r. - M., 1gg0.
T.4. C.r46-r47.

40
 ca Jrro,qeË:c...40 er{x trop cnbrrrry ero qepEoSeMEO-rUIIIIA-
crrrË 6ac...r1 9QQercr cunecresvtt on*rcarr r{ n pa6ore
A.P. Jl1ryuu eManrenu(a^ffKrrnncra o doarmofi uauarur,
KOTOpastrocBffuIeIIA OIIUCAErIrO UCcJreAosaHuË @nouenaJrÉ-
goË nausrrr rreroero qeJroBera - TIr., KaK HagbrBaer
ero
caM aBTOp. cKaroË y Bac xenrrrfi n paccËru.rarrrË ro-
JIOCD,- CKA3&IIOH KAK.TO dCCCÀONANIIIEMY C IIITM JI.C. Brr-
IOTCKOMY. CA SOr ECTË JIIO,4I{, KOTOPbIE
PASTOBAPITBAIOT
KAIC-TO MEOrOrOJrocO, Koropbre orAaroT rlenofi KoMrroSr{_
queË, 6yrerouoro - rogoprn orr rroSAHBê, - raxofi
noJroc
6rr.rr y uorofiuorp c.M. DfigenurreËEa, Karc 6y4ro Karcoe-rlo
rrJraMa c xcuJrKaMr,rEa,qBrrraJrocb Ea MeEg...r 2 VI ecn]9.,IIo-
BI'TISTMOMY,B. HA6OKOBY CI{EECTES'IAHE MEIIIAJIA, TO CITHE.
cresr{u III. âarpyArreru! sarroMrrEaHrre IInQoprraaqI{II: e ...BEa-
rraJre Bcraer qBgr noJroca' a IIoroM oE yAalrsgnca -
BeAb oE
Merrraer... Bor Karc-To cKaaaJr cJroBo - ff ero BrrrKy, a ecJrlr
BÀpyr trocropoHnzfi rrcnoc - froffBJrsrorca trffTHa. Brpa,qrr-
Barorca cJroru, r I yrre Ee Mory paao6parr...ra

CoaepueHHoceKperHo:
KOnnEfUg WHOCTPAHH\\XAen - oAnH ns opra_
HoBrocy4apcrBeHHoroynpa*neuus. CoaAaH a Hapn4y
c A,pyruMn,saMeHuBuuMu npuKas* s 1717_1721rr.,
llerpom l. I'lo ceHarcKoMyyKasyor sl aBrycra lrlg r.
Konnernu BMeHçrnocb B odnsauuocrb Becrn perncr-
paqup BcexnHocrpaH4eB, npuesxaptuux a poccnù_
cKyrouMnepnp, a TaKXeBHAaqanacnopToBrpaxqa_
nau Poccnn, orbegxaptwnMga rpaHurlynns Annno_
I Hadorcoe8.,{pyme
6epera/ / co1pannecoqu'e'ufi: B 4 r. - M., rgg0.
T.4. C. 146-t47.
'Ilntr. no: flcuxororra trauaru. -
M., 2000. C. l5b.
3 Tau xce.

41
 M.fl.
3n6nutleaa

MaruqecKoù, ToproBoù pa6oru, yqe6bt. Konnerns

nocroflHHo co6npana Bce cBe,4eHneo6 nuocrpaHlJax.
B nrcue 1718 r. eù BMeHenocaa odseaHHocrbraùuoe
npoqreHue (nepnrccrpaune) acex nl4ceM, nocrynap-
t4nx n3-3a rpaHuubt.

Crrosecuo-Jrorrrrecnag traMgrb Bbrpatfiaercff B garroMrl-

Harrrr rr BocrrporrsBeAerrrlt[rMbrcJIef, nouatuir, cJroBecHÉIx
rreJroBex
Soprvry.rrzpoBox. BaaroAaps groMy BrrAy rIaMflTrI
cnoco6en BarroMrilnarb Jlorufty Kaxoro-nn6y4b AoxaSareJrË-
crBa, cMbIcJI rll{TaeMoro reKcra, cMbIcJI co6utprfi. Ecnu lre
npoqecc BarroMrllraul,rff rrpoucxogut 6ee axTlrBxoro BKJrro-
qerrrlff MbrrrrJrenrrg, To flauffTb HaabrBaercg Mexaurrsecrcori.

Tecr allornqecKae
lt MexaHnqecKaf,naMgTbDl
1. flpourarafire 10 uap cJIoB,rrepeBepnrrrecrpaullrly'
IIo rrepBbrM cJroBaM B fiape sarr[[ruTe BTopbrecJIoBa.
Kyrna - urparb
Iauna - Beqep
l-pyua - KoMnor
ilapoeos - exarb
Kopona- MonoKo
HepHuna- Terpa.q,b
CHer- shMa
Sa6oqxa- Mlxa
KHura- yqnrenb
l{erxa - sy6ut
I Cnucxr croa np[BeAelrbr no: Pamouoe TA, Illnexrno H.Q.Ilcuxo4n-
araocrrqecrtre MercAbI lro] reura rrtruocrû. - M., 2003. c. 36.

42
MonenmanbHu e npuer',b,ganowuHanun. MuenomexH
uKapazaedvuxoe

2. To rre caMoeupo4erafrreco BropbrucrrrrcKoM

rrapcJroB.
Xyr - Kpecno
Cnuqa - cecrpa
Pu6a - noxap
[Jnnna - nqena
Fornuxu - caMoBap
Myxorr,rop - .qnBaH
Kounac - rnefi
l-paQux - 6paru
Cnnqra - o6yeu
Tepxa - 'r.qer

Ta6nu4a 2
3ananue1 3ananne2
Kyxna- Xy<-
Jlauna- Cnnqa-
l-pyua - Pul6a-
flapoaoa- lUnnna-
Kopoaa- Eorrxrn -
9epxnna- Mgouop -
Gner- Kounac-
6a6oqra- t-paQnn-
KHrra- Cnnqra-
llerra - Tepra-
t-lucnonpaBrflbHbtxorBeroB

fIoAneAeM rrrorrl Tecra.

Banowurrarb[apÉI cJroBB trepBoM crrucre gxaq]rreJrblro
rerqe r{MeHrronoroMy, rrro orrï JrortrqecKrl cBa3aHrr. ffaprr
cJroB Bo BTOpOM CIIr4CKe He r4Meror raroË cBJrSr4 r[ BârroMr/t-
HAK)TCA CJION{EEE.

43
 M.fl.
3n6nuqeea

CoaepueHHo ceKqerHo:
ErOnM1EPATOP-
ilt oTAEnEHnECO^CTBEHHOn
CKO\O BEfl4'IECTBAKAHUEnflPnh.CoeaaHoB
n,one 1826 r. Ha ocHoBe Oco6ennoù xautlenepnu
Hnxonaeu l. BosrnaBnn ee A. X. 6euxeH4opf. Ouo
6amo gaAyMaHo KaKKBbtcuJagnonnuntu' n, B ornn-
qne or 6uauJnx po3btcKHbtxopraHoB, nMeno uupo-
KA pasBerBneHHyp cerb TeppnropnanbHbtx opra-
HoB B BnAe xaH4apMcKux noqpasqeneuuù. Ha lll
Or4eneuue BoSnaranucb pasHonnaHotbte sa4aqn
- opraHngaunfl nonnTu'tecKoro po3ÛcKa' npoBe-
AeHne cne4crBwçt no ,0,enaMo rocy4apcTBeHHbtx
npecrynneHuex; ua6np4eHue 3a aHTunpaBnrenb'
crBeHHbtMnopraHngaunnMnu orqenbHHMn o6qe'
crBeHHbtMnAegTengMU; BbtcHnKa n ccilnKa <<nto'
ga HuMu; 6opa6a c
Aeù no4ospurenbHbtx,,, Ha4gop
aHTnueprcoauoùAegTenbHocruo pacKonbHnKoB n
ceKTaHTOB,C KpecTbç,HcKuMnBbtcTynneHuqMn;
QanawnBoMoIaeHHu'JecrloM; AonxHocrHbtMu u
ApyrnMu KpynHbtMnyronoBHdMn npecrynneHueMn.
Or4eneune AonxHo 6ano ocyuecrBnnrb Ha4sop 3a
nHocrpaHuaMn, c6op cBeAeHuù o6 ycoBepueH-
crBoBaHnnxn nsodpereHnflx, IJeÆypy nepnoqnqe-
cKux ne4aunù n neqarn. B crpyxrype or.qeneHun
6wno nflrb eKcneÆnunù (otaenoa) n ABa ceKper-
HHx apxuBa. ,Qenaun KoHTppa3BeAKnSaHnManucb
qacTnqHonepBan n TpeTbfIeKcneAnqnh, nocneAHett
Bena HaAsop 3a uHocrpaHuaMn- Ynpas4ueHo B aB'
rycre 1880 r.

M
MonenmonbHu e npueilbrJanoHuHouun. ll nenomexHuKopaseedu
uxoB

Sauournaxrre qeJroBeroM cBorrx tryBcrB u euoquË upo-

rlrcxoArrT 6taro4aps alvlorlrloEâ.rrbEoft uausru. flepencu-
Tbre n coxpanerrrrbre B rraMarrr rlyBcrBa oraaËrBaror 6o;rr-
[roe BJrrrgnrre ra SopurpoBauue Jrrrrtnocrr/l, fiBJlgrorcg
naxcnefimrrM ycnoBneM AID(oBHoro paoBrrraa rreJrosera. 3a-
troMurraroTcs He ToJrBKo aMoqrlrlr, Eo r{ upeAMeTrr u co6rr-
Trlts, KoTopbre rrx BËrSbrBaroT.To, uro BbrSbIBaeT ! E€JroBê;
Ka clrJrËIrÉre 9MoqrroEaJ[bEble IIepeIcrIBaErrS, EArIOMrrEa-
erca nyqure rr Ea 6oaee AJrrrreJrbrroe BpeMa.

CaaepueHHo ceKperHo:
KOPnyC X<AHI|IAPMO B. ?ra crpynypa (cne rytoppas -
geneune) 6una coa4aHa B anpene 1827 r. no uMne-
paropcKoMy yKasy. (BnocnegcrBnu oH uMen HasBa-
nue Or4enauuù Kopnyc xaHÆapMoe.) Co BpeMeHeM
xaH4apMcKne qacTn npeBpaTnnucb B ucnonHnTenb-
HHe opranu lll Or4enenus. CornacHo nonoxeHyrto,
npuHeroMy a 1836 r., Bce crpaHa 6una pas4eneHa
Ha xaHnapMcKue oKpyra (nosxe rau 6unu cosAaHH
rydepncKue xaH4apMcKne ynpaBneunn), Korop*e
BOSrnaBnenHxaHrqapMcKne reHepanil.

Konetnro, Bce rlerËrpe Br{,qa traMJrrrt rre cyqecrByrcT

rreaaBrrctrMoApyr or Apyra, 6o.neeroro, ourr Haxo4ffTcff B
TecrroMBgar{MogeËcrnrau.
Hanpnuep, BcrroMr{rraffo6paa BHaKoMororrJrrr6nuarco-
ro rreJroBera, BocrrporraBo,qffTcsHe roJrbxo (purypa, qBeT
BOJTOC, rJrA3, rro r1 OCO6ennocrrrero pe.tu, reu6p roJroca,
Mol*er npuËrrn rra rraMsrb rr ero AoMaurnlrft rroMep reJre-
$ona, rr aafiax ero .rrro6rrMbrxAyxoB. B ro ,fie BpeMfl rra-
MffTb Morrcer6nrrr Bbrcororreqrranr{BnpoBarruoË.Paarlrlra-

45
 ia6nuqeeoM.ll.

ror trogBrr4brBprrrenËnofi, cnyxoBoË, 4nurarenrxoË rr Apy-

rrrx Brr,qoBrraMsrR. Ero rraMarb na quQprr, 6yrnÉr, cJro-
Bâ, qBera, Jrr{qa, prrrM, MeJro4r{rorr r.A. Hauprnuep, y
oArrrrx arogeË B sprlTeJrbrrblxo6paaax npeodaa4aror qBe-
Ta, a y Apyr[x - reoMerp]rqecrrre Szryprr, oAHu ryque
3alloMrrHarorquopbr, a Apyrue - 6yrnrr.

CoeepueHHoceKperHo:
,qEnAPTAMEHTTOCyAAPCTBEHHOlz nOnWJUt/1.
flogpaqAeneHhepeopraHrcoBaH Horo MBA, qyÂaBoulno
h npoulnoe lll OrgeneHhe,crano Ha3brBarbcsc 1883 r.
.[enapraMeHroMrocy4apcreerlioÉ nonnqhn. OH sa-
HhMarcgBceMnreMn xe BonpocaMr,3a HcKnpqeHr-
eM KOHTppa3BeAKh, KOTOpae CTUInaOAHI4Mn3 rnaB-
HHXno4pa34eneHnùl-naeFrorourra6a pyccroù apMnr4.

Or4emro ocranoBnMcff na oco6oM BrrAe gprlreJrbrro-

o6paaaofi uausu{, Koropaa Hocrrr HasBaurreafigernuecrcoft
naMffTu. 3Ë4eruaM - (aro cnoco6nocrb Hexoropblx uH-
ArrBrrAoB(aftgeruxon) rc coxpauenr4r) rr BocnpouaBe,qe-
Hr{roqpeaBbrraËso Jr(rrBoror4.qeranbrroro o6pasa Bocrrpu-
EffTÉrxpauee rrpeAMeroBr[ crren)l. Bueprbre cucreMarr4-
rrecrcrrena6moAerrug sa aË,qeruraMrr 6rrau trpoBe.qegbr
JI.C. Burorcruu. Ocodennocrrro eùAeruqecxoË uausru
sBr.sercs cloco6nocrr rreJroBexaHa rrycroM axpaue Brr-
,qeTbrcapTrrrryfinlr npeAMeT,KoTopble paHee IraxoArIJIrIcb
rrepeA ero rJraSaMtI.
JI.C. Brrrorcxnfi oruelraer, .rro eftAeruqecKas rraMsTb
ua6rrcgaercff y gerefi u rro4pocrrcoB, Ho rrnor4a, B Br{Ae
I{CKJIIOIIEHITS, COXPAESETCS II Y BSPOCJIbIX.

I Kpamcd trcuxoJronrrecrnË cronapr. - M.: flonmrq4at, 1985. C. 40f. rl

J
t
I

46 I
 MonenmanbHue npuerlbt3anoMuHauun. MuenomexH
uKa paseedu
uxoa

CoaepueHHo ceKperHo:
-
"owAHI(An pfccKâe raùuan nonnu4e BpeMeHuM_
nepropcxoù fuccnn. Ocnoæuaeqe a enoxyllerya t.
cau repMuH<<oxpaHKan flonytnn pacnpocTpaHeHUeB
Haqane80-x ro4oa XIX e. CorpygnnxaMnKoxpaHKu,,
(nonnrnuec Kannu nUun) HagulBanuxaHAapMoB,nory-
roToBneHHHx cooraercrBw utuM o6paeou Kpaccne-
AoBaHneMnonuruqecKnx npecryrnenuù. Bneuneù
paaBe4Koù
"oxpauxaDnpaKTnqecKuHe gaHnManacb.
Oua aenanuub arcx,(y sa nonuruqecxoùoMnrpauu-
eù. rQeùcTBoæna (oxFHKan HâflNTexeHuu TptîAr$-
TU WeCTn neT.

Tecr cEcrr nn y Bac

sÉgerrqecKre cnoco6HoGTn?nI
B re'reslre oÀEofi uunyru paccMarpunaËTe puc. 5,
BalroMrtttalt, rracroJrbro BoaMorrcaotroApodnee, rITo Ea EeM
EAplrcoBarro.
flepenepurlre crpagr.rqy lr orMerbre, qero rreAocraeT lr
qro Jlnruuee Ha puc. 6., rro cpaBrrenurc
c upeAÉrgyrqr{M
pucyrrxoivr (puc. 5).
Sanecnre Barn'noTBerbrn ra6nnqy, a aareM trpoBepbre
[paBr,rJrËrrocTbBbrrroJrrrerrHoro8a/larrl{ff .
rlelr 6onrrue orn.gquir. Bbr
rraruJrrr, TeM nyque y Bac
pasB[Ta Oopaanas traMffTb ,[ TeM 60arrue y Bac cKJroE-
EocrË x eËgeu{qecxoMy Bocrrp]rffTrirtro.
I Pucyarn
.qna ryroaorecra BgarËr uszloxeso M_8., fionouenrco ILA_
Araac so rcuxororuu. - M., 2009. C. 16g.

47
 3n6nu\eaa
M.{1.

ç
i
t^

-,$
Puc. 5

Ec.rr )Ke rroene paccMorpeurrs pucyrrra Bbr (MbrcJren-

Eo' Br{Arrre Bce uao6paxcenrle rreJrfiKoMu cuoco6nËr Eaxo-
,qrrrÉ Ea EeM Bce HoBbre,qeraJlrr, To BËr, EecoMueuno, o6-
na,qaere afi4errnuecxoË nantsruro.
 ,un. MnenomexHItKo

(')^
*

b
Puc. 6
W

49
 3n6nuqeeo
M.fl.

Ta6tuq,a 3
HeAocrapqne Aerant,l
p14cvHKa Iïrunue Aeran[ p]lcyHKa

t Mcno npaBgrnbHbrx
orBeroB:

CoaepweHHo ceKperHo:
BOEHHHÛ A1EHT. l4ucrnryr BoeHHbtxareuroa 6un
WpotqeH B 1810 r. Tor4a no yKasaHup BoeHHoro
MnHncrpa Poccnn M. E. Ûapman-Ae-Tonnn sa rpa-
Hutly B poccnùcxue noconbcrBa 6Hnn HanpaBneHbt
nepBwe nocronHH*e BoeHHbrenpe4craenrenn. Oc-
uoauoù ux garqaLteùnansnocb BeAeHneareHrypuoù,
btx ce Kper -
pasBeq,btBarenauoù pa6orat. Ao6aH a BæKH
HHx cBe4euuù 6atna nocraBneHa Ha npoQeccnoHanb-
HyroocHoay. BueuHetflpasBe4KacrpyKrypno oQoptvr-
nçtercn B BoeHHoMBeÆoMcrBe.OguoepeMeHHoBon-
pocbt eueuueù pasBe4Kn raKxe ocraprcn npepora-
ruaoù Mnuucrepcr*a nHocTpaHHbtxÆen.

50
 K.naccnÈrr*arIus aËAern recroË rraMsr' 6rraa upeA-
JrorrceHaB. ftenmeM rra ocEoBe rrccne,qonanufi, [poBê.{€H-
Hbrx rrM BMecre c oparou E. Ërenmeu. v eT-rura, aËAe-
TITKOB (UO ArIA;TOTIIII C IIA9BAIIIICM MbIIIIEIIIIbIX -
CtrASMOB
tetanie) o6pasrr rrMeror orrerrb Bhrcoryro creregb croËro-
elvr, r4uorÀa npuodperas xaparTep rraBffoqnBocru.
Àpy-
rofi ruu eËAeruron, <B-runr (<Basedowider,r), oxagbrBa-
ercff cuocodnbrMK [porrsBonbrroMy BbrsoByeË4eru.recKrrx
O6PAAON Ï COSIIATENbIIOMY BMEIIIATEJIbCTBY B
PASBEPTÉIBA-
rrrle arrrx o6paeor.

CoaeputeHHo ceKperHo:
BOEHHO-WEH5\Û KOMUTE\. O6æ,æænnaù a tït2 r.
npn I'naaHoM ura6e pyccxoù apMnu, oH Henocpery_
crBeHHo orBeqên sa dopa6y co unnoHæKeM. llpocy-
taecrÙoBan Ao HaqanaM, a, ,Q,annaùKoMnreT Heno_
cpe4crBeuuoù posbtcKHoù pa60roù ue saHnMêrncn.
Ero pona sarutpqanacb B ocHoBHoMa c6ope n
Were
nnQopuaunn. Kounrer BnepBHe cran aKruBHo nc_
nonbsoBarb nHcrnrw <<BÛSHHHX areHToBr' (anaue)
A,ne BeAeHUg paSBeAKn npn noconbcrBax poccnùc.
rcoù wunepnn B crpaHax Eaponat Oeu4nanaHo cy_
t4ecrBoBan Ao | 864 r.

cneAyroqarr,KJraccusuraqrrff TrrrroB rrauarr{ ocrroBa-

HA IIA TPCXKOMIIOIIEHTIIOËUOgEJIII IIAMATU. ErO KOIIqCU-
rlrrflr B KOTOpOË Crpyrrypa rraMarlr Ilpe,qcraBneHa TpeMa
coBMeCTrO pad0rarorqrrMrr o.noraraa rraMaru: ceEcopHbrM,
KpaTKOBpeMerrHbrM rI AOnroBpeMeErrBrM.

51
 3n6nuqeea
M.n.

CoaepueHHo ceKperHo:
rEHEpAIt-KBA?T
UpMEn CTEÆXns Cnyx EA.Bnep_
BHe B Poccnn o K*apTupMeùcrepcrcux quHax ynoMn-
Haerce e Ycraae 1698 r. Tor4a nu 6unu BBe,qeHHnon-
KoBHe KBaprupMeù crepu (corpygu u xu cne4uut tuoù
cny>x6ar).B 1701 r. llerp lyreepgun AonxHocrb reHe-
pan-KBaprupueùcre@. 9ry gonxuocrb saHen KHflsb
A. O. Waxoacxoù. Ho nnuta e 1716 r. pasBe4HBêrrenb-
naa padora npnodperaer npaBoByn ocHoBy. B xoeou
nerpoBcKoM BoUHCKOM yCTaBepasBe4Ka noqqnHger-
-
ce re Hepan xæprn p u eùcre pc xoù cny>x6e. 11p u yt pex -
AeHnu Exarepuuoù il a 17ffi r. Fenerytauoro urafu a
ero æcraB, KaKo4tfr ng BaKHH)(ttoppa44urcuuù, ætuna
reHeryt -xæprupueùcrepcKae uryxfu . I-enepan-KBap-
rnpmeùcrep - nn4o, saBeAWUee oen4epaMu [-eue-
panbHoro wra6a u cneuuanauoù cnyx<fuù. B lgtT r.
soeuuaù MnHucrp M. E. Ûapmaù-Ae-Tonnu BnepBbte
BBOAnTB npaKTutv uHcTnTW BoeHHbXareHToB B nO-
conærBa( Poccnùcxoù uunepuu B pwe eaponeùcKnx
crpaH. B odssaunocru BoeHHbtxareHroB Bxo4uno Be-
AeHue areHrypHoù n pasee4*Barenbnoù pa1orat Ta_
rcnu o6pasoM, c6op cexperuoù BoeHHo-nannruqecxoù
nuQopua4un sa pyÛexou cralurcn ua npoeeccuo-
HanbHytoocHoBy.OgnospeMeHHo BHeu Hpto paaBe4try
npo4onxaeT BecTU,npaBAA,HA ypOBHepaSoBAXOT_
BercTBeHHbtX nOpyteunù, Mnun cre p crBo nHocrp aHHbtx
Aen. B 1856 r. AnexcauAp Il WBepr<Aaer nepByto B
ncropun poccuùcxoù paseeqKu lrlucrpyx4uro o pa6o_
Te BOeHHbtx areHTOB.CDynx4uuaueuJueùpAgBeAKnBCe
donaue cTaHoBnrcnocHoBononara,oluuMnB pa1ore

52
 npuevuganowuHauun.
Moneumanb+ue pasaeàuuxoe
MueuomexHuKo

BoeHHoro BeAoMcrBa. l-naanyo ponb s4ecb carpano

nopa)KeHue Poccnu a Kpawcxoù aoùue. B 1865 roqy
AonxH ocr b re Hepan -KBaprnp u eù cre pa 6un a ynpasÆ-
HeHa. Kopnyc ofuuUepoa cne4cnyxdtt l-enepanaHoro
utrada 6am a ro BpeMfl HenocpeÆcrBeHHono4quHeH
HaqenbHnxyl-naeuoro wraûat C 1892r. AonxHocrb re-
Hepan-KBaprupueùcrepa cHoBaBBeAeHa,Ho TonbKoB
pe4e BoeHHuxoKpyroz, a c 1890 r. u B [-naBuou rara-
6e. B ero Qynx4uu Bxo4,nnano4roroBnrenbHan pa6o-
ra no BeAeHnp BoeHHbtxAeùcrauù u o6opoHe rocy-
AapcrBa. B 1905 r. BoeHHancnryauns noBropunacb
(Kpamcxas aoùua - pyccKo-enoHcKafl aoùnQ. ero
npnBeno x uoBoû peopraHnsaqun aceù paaBeÆHBa-
renauoù u KoHrppasBe4HBarenauoù pdorat poccuù-
cKux cne4cnyx6. B pananeùueM Bce nolqroToBKanW-
QeccuouanaHHx pagBeAttnKoBBoanaraercfl Ha l-eue-
panauaù ura6, xoropaù BBo,qur B cBoto nporpaMMy
cnequanbuutù xypc raùuoù pasBq,Ku. B xauyu ITep-
eoù mupaoù aoùnu 1914-1917 rr. a poccuùcxoù pas-
BeAKe 6unn nWBeAeHH cyqecrleHH*e npeo1paso-
BaHun. l4e cocraea Fnaeuoro urafu 6uno Bbr4eneHo
l-naauoe ynpaBneHue (ll) I'enepananoro ura6a [W).
B ueu n 6atno cocpqoroqeHo pyKolo4crBo aoeuuoù
pasaegxoù. KouxperHo xe pwoBoAnn pasBeqxoù c
1910r. or4en reHeryt-xeaprupmeùcrere PfffiKBAP)
Fnaauoro ynpaBneuns l-euepanbHoro wra6a. C ua-
qanoM aoùuat a geùcrayrcqyp apMuto 6una nepe-
Bea,eHasHaqnren bHaf,qacrb oQ n 4epoa OI-EHKBAPa.
B xo4e doeaux Aeùcrenù opraHnaauun paaBeqKu co-
Bep u eHcr BoBanac b c W eroM np uodperae Moro onHTa.

53
 3n6nuqeaa
M.fl.

K nauuty l9l7 r. areHryHan cerb eoeunoùpasBe4Ku

qeTKopasAenunacbc weToM BunonHf,eMbx3aAaq.
@op u n poaaau nct xax4eùcraeuuaù uHcrpyMeHr ro -
cy4apcrBeHHoto n æ)eHHoro
MexaHnsMa, pyccKanp3-
BeAKaK KOHUyneTA TOrOXe rOAa He CMOrnanonHoc-
THopean naoB€rrbcBoux BosMoxHocreù. Hacryn aBu ae
HoBas gnoxa rpedoaana ugMeHeHnfl aceù cucreMbt
pasBe4Ku n KoHTppasBeAKu.Crapoe npaBurenbcrBo
we Huqero He Morno c4enaTb, Ho8,oeeup AonxHo
6uno po4btræn.

KpaucorpeMennaa naMarb xaparTeprrsyerca orrenb

KparrrrM coxpaaerrueM unQopuaquu - or rrecroJrbrctrx
ceryrrg ,qo EecroJrbrrrx Mrln)rr. 9ro uaurrrb rra roJrbKo
qro MunyBrrree co6rrrue, n neË Morrcer xparr[Tbcrr orpa-
Huqeuxoe KoJrltqecrBonnQopuaquu. Aas xaparTeprrcrrr-
rcr aroft oco6ennocrrr KparroBpeMennoft uausru llctroJrb-
Byxlr rarcoË rroraaareJrb, rcax o6seu. B cpeAEeMorr paBen
7*2. O6reu KparrcoBpeMerrgoË uausru orpe,qeJrsercfiKaK
qucno eArlrlrq uuQopuâr(trlr, KoTopoeqenoBex Molrer rorl-
EO BOCtrpOssBeCTrr CIIyCTArrecKonbKo AecfiTKOBCeKyrrA
rocJre Bocrrpr.rffrnsuuQopMa\uu.

l]o-erAnMoMy, To, rtro B KparKoBpeMeHHofi

na-
MqTt4MOXeTXpaHhTbCe OrpaHhqeHHoeKonnqecTBo
vl, B cpeAHeM ycnoeHo paBHoe ceMh,
r.rHQoprvran.1.:t
6uno naBecrHo B AaBHre BpeMeHa..Q,ocrarovno
BCnOMHT4Tb CeMb qyAec CBeTaB ApeBHeMMUpe.
4n0pa ceMb Bcrpeqaercs vI Bo MHorux pyccKr4x
nocnoBLrqaxu noroBopKax:

54
MoneumanbHu e npuewu 3anonuHaxun. MuenomouuKapaæeàuuxoa

Ceruupa3 orMepb - ogr,rHoTpexb.

Ceuu 6eR - ogr4HorBer.
Ceuepo o,qHoroHe xAyr.
Cer'runsrHr4rlHa HeAene.
Ceuu ns,qeùeo n6y.
Ceguuafl BoAaHa Kncene u r. A.
He cnyvaûnou qucnoqnQp a 6onuulhHcrBe co-
BpeMeHHHx reneQoHHulx HoMepoB - 7. Houep ne
ceMn qrQp qenoBeKganoMuHaer.qocraroqHoxo-
poruo,a Bor npu yBenuqe*nl qhcnaqHOpB HoMe-
pe 6es ganucHoùrxnxxr,i yxe ne o6oftTr4cb.

CoaepweHHo ceKperHo:
LIK - Llpesaanaùuas KoMnccns no 6opt6e c KoHrp-
peBon,ouueù n cadoraxeM. CoaercKae opraHusaunn,
orBeqapqan ga rocy4apcrBeHHyto 6esonacHocrb c
1917 no 1922 r., sareM 6ama nepenMeHoBaHaa BiK
(Bcepoccnùcxyto .lpesaataùnyo Kotqnccnn), a c
1923 r. - e l-nY. OdpaeoaaHHanno yKasy B. 14.Ile-
HnHa, oHa BnnonHf,na unnuueùcKne n pagBeAHBa-
renbHwe Qynrunn. BosrnaBnn ee O. g. ,Qeepxnn-
cxnù. Cua,aanaa Heù pa6orano A,Ba4uarb rpn qeno-
BeKa, a K cepe4une 1921 r. ona We HacqnrHBana
rpwuaTb oAHy Twcnqy qenoBeK, oKono cTa copoKa
Tbtce.tcon4ar auyrpeuunx aoùcx n 6anee AeBsHocra
rbtcett norpaHnqHnKoB. llpn .IK-BLIK 6unu cos4aHu
kluocrpauuaù or4en (aueutunn pasBeAKa), a raxxe
Oco6aù or4en Ane BeAeHufl KoHrppasBe4b,Barenb-
noù padorH u odecnerteHnn napruù no- non uruqecKo -
ro KoHTpaneB pe4ax coBeTcKnx BæpweHHHX cnn.

55
 jndnuqeeaM.fl.

Tecr aO6r'ennBatueË
KparKoBpeMeHHofinaMeTlr))

flonpocrre Bârnero Apyra trporrr{TarË ps4br qr[ùp, pac-

IOJIO'KCIIIIbIE HTI'KC.

flocne nporrreurrfi Ka)rcAoropffÀa Enùp, Bafiuurure B

ra6r. 4 re r1u$pbr, Koropbre Bbr BarroMnrrJrr[.
flponeprre trpaBlrJrbrrocrb BatroJrrrerrubrxBaMrr quôp
ToJrbKorrocJreuporrreuus [ocJre4rrero pfiAa rlr4Qp.
Odseru KparxoBpeMerrnoË uanrsrr.r 6yger paBerr rrr{cJry
quQp B oAHoMpfiAy, B noropoM Bbr He c4enaJrnouru6xr.
Hanpuuep, Bbr fipaBrrnbno Boc[porrsBeJrrrquQponue pfiAbr
c 1 no 4, a n pffAy N! 5 cAenaJru ouu6xy. O6telr saûeft
KparroBpenaennoft rraMffTrr 6yger panen 7.

Pngu L{r4Op i
1) 6 4 2 I
2\31759
3) 2 6 0 4 5 3
4) 8315702
5) 213 7 5 0 6 4
6) 5 7 4 2 3 1 6 0 8
7)4936875',t20
Tadnuqa 4
peÂa
Horraep fl ocnenoBarenbHocruunôp
1
2l
3)
4)
5)
6)
7\
56
 npuewu3anonuHouua.
MoueumanbHHe paæeduuxoe
MuenomexHuKa

KparrconpeMennas traMsrb rrrpaer orpoMnyx, ponb B

)rctrgrru rreJroBera. Iluenrro 6.naro4aps eË .re"uoBer crroco-
6en uepepadarrraarr 6onsmofi o6teu urQoprvrarurx, orceu-
Bas HeEylnEyro II ocraBJrss neo6xo.qr{Myro.Ii[nQopvarIr{a
rra KparroBpeMennofi rraMffTrr Moïcer nu6o fiepexo4llrr B
,qoJrroBpeMeHHylo, an6o aadrrsarbcff .

CoeepueHHoceKperHo:
Ofny - O6aeanHeHHoe rnanHoe nonurn.tecKoe yn-
paBneHue. 6uno coqqaHo a | 922 roqy u npopa6o-
rano Ao 1934 r. npn Coaete Hapoguux Komwcca-
poe CCCP. llpeguaeHaqanocb A,neoxpaH* rocy4ap-
crBeHHoù 6esonacHocrn. foxoaoguno pa6oroù l-flY
cotosHbtx pecny1nux. Bxnpqeuo a HKBA n nepe-
nMeHoBaHoB l-naeuoe ynpaBneune roc6esonacHo-
cru. B HeM 6an cos4an KonrppagBe,qbrBarenauuù
or4en (KPO) (aaqeneH ue cocraBa Ocodoro orq,e-
na). Paepa6orannas KPO cncreMa Mep npeqynpex-
AeHun n npecelteHns noqpbtBHoùAerenuHocrn nHo-
cTpaHHbtxpasBeîq,oKHa TeppuTopuu n BHe rpaHu\
CCCP coxpaHsna cBoe sHaqeHne Ha npoTflxeHnu
MHornx Aecernnernù. B 30-x ro4ax Ofny Bce qaqe
cTano npuBneKaTbcsK peraeHnp BHWpeHHuxn .laue
Bcero nonnruqecKux aa4aq, coBepueHHo He caoù-
crBeHHbtxpa3BeAKen KoHTppasBeAKe. Ouo, no cqn,
npeBparnnocb B Kaparenbnwù opraH, ocyt4ecrBnnfl ,
KaKcneAcrlbre, pacunpeHne BHecyq,eduaxnonHo-
uortuù opraHoB 6esonacHocTu.

?IuQoptvtar{rlrrrB AonronpeuennoË IIaMffTr! xpaHr{Tcs

oTlrocrrTeJrblroAnlrTenbHoeBpeMa - OT HECKOJIbKI{X CE.

57
 3n6nutleea
M.fl.

KyHA Ao secroJrbrrrx Jrer rr 6onrrue, rpe6yer BoJreBoro

yell'.Jrtrs,,4na SarroMrlrraEnff .
,{oaronpeMeunafi rraMgrb - DTo rraMsrb na co6rrrvrg,
Koropbre trponcxo4w;r]t B trcrrgnrr rreJloBexa, a neË xpanffT-
t - -

cff o6pagbl, co6brrulfl, BEaHrrg,yMeurltg, HaBÉrrrit.Irlgnae-

treHuerrEÔopMaquu rd3AoJrroBpeMerrHoË uausru (Bocrpo-
rraBe,qenue) rpe6yer HeKoropoË TpeulrpoBlr;l.iT
t! Mor(er 6rrrr
orreuË 6rrcrprnvr vurvt, nao6opoT, AJrETeJrbHbrM.

CoaepueHHo ceKperHo:
nHO - I4nocrpauuwù or4en (aneunnn pasBe4Ka) ..lK-
BqK-fny-Ofny. OdpasoaaH 20 AeKa6pn 1920 r. B
ero odnsaHHocrn cHaqana Bxo4una padora npoTnB
Aenreneù xourppeBonpunn, gMnrpnpoBaButnx ng
Coaercxoù Poccnn. Cpegn nepBbtx KpynHbx onepa-
Uuù 6unn "Tpecr" n "Cnu4nKarrr. Iloexe or,qen cra.n
roraBurb n sacHnarb cBonx areHToBea py6ex c Ue-
nb,o BeAeHnfl nonnruqeôrcoù, BoeHHoù,Hay.nHo-Tex-
HuqecKoùn ercouoMuqecKoùpasee4xu.

Ceucopnafl naMffTË sBJrgercs rrerrocpeAcrBenubrMor-

parrerrnerr rnQopMaquu oprauaMu rryBcrB lt ocyulecrB-
Jraerca aBtoMarurrecKlr Bo BpeMs Bocrrpursrkrfl.uuSoplra-
\vrût. Ee upogoJrlrcureJrbsocrb rre upeBÉrrûaer o4noË ce-
KyEAbr. B cencopnoË ualnJrrrr rre upoucxoAnr rrepepador-
Kr uoJryrqennoËuuQopnca\us.

CoaepweHHoceKperHo:
HKBA - HapoAuaù xounccapuar BHyrpeHHnxAen
CCCP (amrcuan opraH* rocdeeonacHocrn a lg22-
1923 n 1934-1943 rr.). Oraeqansa odecneqeHne

58
MonenmanbHu e npuenu Janon uHonun. ltlnenomaffiuKopazeedu
uxoa

BHWpeHueùdesonacHocrn rocy4apcrBa u BeAeHue

pasae,qxw.
BHeraHeù

B 70-x rogax XX n. 6rraa rrpeAJroxrexa eiqe o.qua KJrac-

cu$urcaqprg BUAoB naMrrrrr, ocnoBaxna.fi Ha roM, trro Morrt-
Ho [poBecrpr pagrprque Meirc4y rraMsrbp Ha 4eËcrBvre ur Ha
ero HaBBaHrre. ,{erc-naparrrBrras naMlrlb - gro BarroMuua-
xrae odreKToB, co6lnraË, arrngoÂos. LIHa.{e roBop"fi, oro rra-
MfiTb Ha Jrrrqa, Mecra codrrrnfi, [pe.qMeru. SauoMrrxanrre
ran{ropuàr\vmt, oruocflrrleËcs K AeKJraparïBHoË narvrarra,
rpe6yer yqacrufi cocnanlra n upoïcxo.qr{T 6rrcrpo. flanastr
na 4eËcrBue, r4cxoAg ras atoft r"naccudturcar{rrw, r{aobrBaer-
cff npor{e4ypnofi. B sroft naMffTn xpaurrrcrr ABrrrareJrbrrËre
rraBbrrcrr rr. ]ruerrun.' Sanolrrruanr{e unsoprvrarlrau B [poqe-
Aypr{yro fiaMfiTb fiporacxo4r[T Me,qJreHHou rpe6yer HecnoJrb-
rcux rroBropenrft, a aadrrBarrue HerlcrroJlbayeMbrx HaBbrKoB
rpoprcxo,qur 6rrcrpo. B rroBeÀenur rreroBera npoqeAypnag
naMffTb Morrer ocyqecrsuflrrcs 6es ocoguaBanufi lrHrlop-
Maqur.I, I{BBJreKaeuoË t[B naMtrrp{.

CoaeputeHHoceKperHa:
ryfE - I-naauoe ynpaBneHue rocy4apcrBeHHoù 6e-
gonacHocrn - cnpt<6a ÛesonacHocrr4,Bxo4uBruaeB
HKB,Qa 1934-1943 rr.

Tecr <flnq,a, lrMeHa; Jrlr[â...1

Bau rpeAJrararorcfl {tororpadlur,r 10 nro4eË (cpororpa-
cpxu nro6gaHorpeÀocraBJreubrtlrororpadlou la"rrlrnofi Çep-
reesHoË Co6o.nesoft).B reqeupre o4rofi Munyrbr sarroMur4r-
Te llx rrMena u Qannn.nura.

59
 3n6nuqeea
M.{1.

BarervrrepeBeprrrlrrecrparlrqy, uog QororpaQraur

nafluurutre rrMeua u Qaura;r.ufi orrrx aro,qeË. Iocronmy
gro Bcero Jrr{mb Kaprrrnxu, rre 6oËrecr ourudrarbcg, rrrrrn-
To Ha Bac Ee o6uAurcs.

CoeepureHHo ceKperHo:
nry - ilepaoe rnaBHoeynpaanenre(aneuHqepas-
ae.qra)KfE CCCP.

60
 Hue npuenu 3anoMuHaHuf,, Mueuomexuuxa pazaeôquKoI
Moneuman.b

IIrax, 4anafire SEAKOMETbCg:

ffi
| & t
læ I
| @ '

| ryffi. I

M
I E I

t w l .E
I I

| @. I
re l
I

tre
E
E l

Éffiro|
æ_l

BACETA AIIIPPIIIA JII{8OIMA

YJIbIENTH XOMFIIIOB rlPrffillDcnilra

ffi
tl t---........-::-l
l^æ. I
lffi- l t E
t -

t E t
I
|

t - |
- G +
t E l

tEl
nruK|æe I

mml
t @ t
1 @ l

WI
omiluI{A[0rltca MAPOYTA AJIIICA
CIfPOMIIbIX BAfiICI{HA IIIIE.IUCUIIA
|--...-:-|
L-. I

@
t - t

tffil WI
ffiffi
w
-
-lDrel

-iw

OTJTEIIfiA KATrcIIIA BOBOIIICA

8A[yM0B MOPOSIC}IHA nPuIqyPKr{H

oMccM
OYTSOJIK}IH

61
 3n6nuqeaa
M.n.

Ee aoayr ...

A erp BoByr ...

A reuepb rrpoBepbre rrrrcJrorrpaBrrJrbrrbrxorBeroB.

Moueumanb+bre
npuewuJanoiluHanun. panedvuxoe
MueuomexHuno

Saronbr naMg,rn
Ifepnrrfi Barcon - gorcoruocilntcneruufl; rreM rny6xce
ocMbrcJrelrne3alloMrEaeMoro, TeM nyqIIIe oEo coxpaEseT-
cff B rraMsrrr. To ecrs qeM trorratnee MareprraJr, TeM n5r.r-
rue oH 6yger gaflourirnarbcff. floaronry AJrff BatroMrrsanrl*
peKoMerrAyercfi rrcuonB8oBaTbKJrrorreBËrecJroBa, cxeMbr,
pr.rcyarr{ u raflnuqrr, o6aerqaroulne nonrlManrle Marepu-
a.Jra,a grarrur, yr ga,ttoMrrgarrrre.(Kcraru, yrlrrrb crr{xrl
coBeryrot, gauoMumag,IrocJregoBareJrbnocrbrnarolon. )

CoaeputeHHoceKperuo:
KfE - Koutrrerrrypppc-rænnoù fuonacuæna. Oana
ns uowteùwnx B Mnpe opaHnsaunù no o6ecne,ae-
Hnn racy4aryraenuoù âeænacnocru. Kî'6 6ano co-
s4aHoBMapre 19il r. Ha6asecgecrBoæBwero Mn-
HucrepcTBarocaesonacHocru.Pa1orano oHoAo oK-
rn6pa 1991r. Cryyraypa ero BHrns4enacnqWLUnM
o6pasom: flepaoe rnaBHoeynpaBneHne- BHeuHne
paSBqKa n KoHTppaSBqKA, KaKTUBHHeMeWn pnf,Tns Dt
aHanusnocrgaprueù ne pæn4eHryp nuQopMaqnu;
Brope rna*HoeWpBneHue - BHWpeHHes KoHrpWs-
BeAKa,6opa6aco unuoHaKeMn c noApuBHHMuAeù-
Mn,nWMHuneHHanfueonacuocra;TperaernaB-
crBbrfl
HOeWpaBneHne - KoHTppasBeAKa B COBSTCKUX BOO-
pweHHbtx cnnax (aoennaa KoHrppasaegxa), OO (oco-
6arc orqenu); tteraeproe ynpa*neHue - nonnruqe-
cxuù posbtcK,Beno pa1ory no posbtcKynonuruqe-
cKux npecrynHuKoB u USMaHHUKOBpOAUHbt,B ,qanb-
ueùuem aaHuManocb oxpauoù u BHWpeHHeù6eeo-
nacHocTbp noconbcTB n KoHcynbcTÙ,ocyt4ecTBnsno

63
 3a6nuqeea
M.fl.

KoHrppa3BeAKyHa rryHcnopre; Ilnroe ynæBneHne -

6opa6a c aHTucoaercxoù ,qesrenbHocrbto (pa6ora eo
BCeXUAaOnOTUqgCKUX OpraHnSa4nflX,C AnCCUAeHTa-
Mn); Lllecroe ynpaBneHne - KoHrppaaBelq,Ka Ha Bcex
Bu4ax rpaHcnopra (sauuManocb aHTn4uBepcnouuoù
AenTenbHocTbto,npe4orBpaueH neM onacHbrx cnrya -
uuù u r. A., Bnocne4crBnn gaHnManocbsat4uroù roc-
ceKperoBe exouotource);Ceaauoe WpaBneHue- cnw-
6a napyxnoro ua6np4eHus (oneparwauaù noucx);
Bocamoe rnaBHoe ynpaBneHne - uuQpoeanbHoe u
geut uQpoeanwoe, pafurano no npnMoMyHasHaqeH n,o;
,Qeanroe ynpaBneHue - odecneleHne oxpaH* pyKo-
BoAcrBacrryHu n ceKperHbtxo6aercoa, Kpemneecxnù
nonrc;,QecflToeynpaBneHne- WerHo-apxnzHoe; [-naa-
Hoe ynpazneHne norpaHnqHux aoùcrc; Ynpaeneuue
npanuren bcraeuuoù cBflsn; 14nc n etoo pc Koe W pa*n e -
HUe - OCyrueCTBnflnO npoBepKyAeflrenbHocTu noq-
pas4enenuù KF6 B ueHrpe n Ha Mecrax; Cnea-
crBeHHan qacrb no oco6o BêDKHIIM ,qenaM (na npaaax
ynpalneHus); Ynpa*neHue xossùcraeuuoù cnyx6w.
Kpome nepeqncneHHbrxrnaBKoBu ynpaBnenuù, B co-
cTaÙeKoMuTeTacyuecT BoBanu AecqTbæ MocToqTenb-
HHx or4eno4 sareM ,qodaaunocb elr1e- ABa. KI-6 npe-
Kparnn cBoe cyluecr*oBaHne HaKaHyHepacnaga Co-
BercKoro Copea (aexa6pu l99l r.). cDynrc4nuero B
gan aueù w eM BHnofl Henu Cny>x6aau eu u eù pas Be,qKn
n cDe4epanauancny>x6aÛesonacHocrn.

CreAyroqr{M BaKoHoMrraMrrru MorrcnorraaBarb aarcoH

uvrnepecai r'ce r{HTepecnoeBarroMr{HaercsJrerxo. Orcro4a
cJreAyer npocroft BbrBoÂ: sarroMprrraurreHy]r(Ho AeJrarb

64
MoueumonbHue
npuewb, paæeduuxoe
MnenomexHuna
3anonuHouun.

EETepecEbrM. Oqesr Ba)KEyro ponb B oroM aqpaer rrpa-

Br{JrbEaS rrocrauoBra qenu. Crpocure ce6s, Anff qeno BaM
EylKEo sanoMxrrrb AaHErrË nrarepuan. Ssasue roro, Trro
NnQopuar{rrs rroJresna rrJrrr Heo6xo4uua 4aa 6y4yqeË pa-
6our, cnoco6crpyer Jr1nrmeuy garroMrlnaprrr).

CoaepueHHo ceKperHo:
-
"CMEPW" "CMêpTb rannnHaM,,(COaerCxasBOàH-
Hae KoHrppasBeqKa,AeùcrBoBana c l94t no tg46 r.).
B "Cueput,, uMenocb nsrb ynpaBneuuù. llepeoe yn-
paBneHne - npe4craBnrenbcr*o
"Cueput, Anfl cy4a
HaA noAoSpeBaeMHMuBo Bcex qacTnxu coe4nHeHn-
nx Kpacuoù Apnnn, Bnnorb Ao daranaoHoB n por.
Benu nadnpqeHue ga nnqHHM cocraBoM, pyKoBo4n-
nn nnQopMaropaMn. Bropoe ynpaBneHne - onepa-
4hh, cBesb c HKBA, HK1E, cnelqacrn Afle oxpaHbt
wraÛoa n Bucwero KoMaH,q,Horo cocraBa (no pore -
-
Ha apMnn, daransoHy ÆneOponra). Tperae ynpaB-
neHue - nonweHne, xpaHeHne n pacnpocTpaHeHue
pas BeAAaHHbrx. Ller eeproe ynpaBneHue - Aos HaHne
u paccne4oBaHue B oTHoueHnUBoeHHoatwaup4x, no-
AæpeBaeMHx B usMeHe UA,pyrUXaHTnrOCyAapCTBeH-
uax AeùcrBnflx. Ilnroe ynpaBneHne - BoeHHHeorpoù-
KU,,n3 COTqyAHUKOB ocmepUt".

7arcon Acmavo*rctt,, rtar BaKoE rraMJrrrr, 4eËcrnyer B

AByx BaprrauTax. Bo-nepBbrx, Molrcer 6rrrr ycrarroBxa Ha
BarroMrruarrlrerro BpeMentr. Sauounnanue nfrûe [por4c-
xo,qrIT B ToM cJqruae, ecJrrl rreJIoBeKco3naTenbrrocraBrIT
repe4 co6oË sa,qaqyBarroMnrrrbEaAonro. flpuMep fierpa-
BI|IJIbEOTO IICIIOJIÉSOBAIIUa 9TOfO SaKOIIA - ]CTâHOBKA y

3. 3n6nnqeeaM. A. 65
 (rl.fl.
3n6nuqeaa

crygenTa Ea BarroMrlnan[reMareprlaJra Jrlfmb r ouepe4noË

ceccrau. B orou cn]ryae rrocJre graaMerron unSopMaqrrff
.rièrro ga6rrsaercs, TaK rcar 6rrna ycrarloBra BarroMur/rrb
unSoprvraqvro Jrurrrb Ha onpeAeJlerlnËrftxoporrcuË cporc,
(Beunoe rrpaBuno rpex Z - sy6pun, c,qaJr,aa6rr.n...)
Bo-nropbrx, Molner 6rrrr ycranoBra rra BocrrprrflTue
MareprraJrarro coAeprrcauuro.B ;rro6otvto6reue ranSopma-
\lrkr rreJroBeKB [epByro oqepe,qb Haxo,qrrTTo, rITo eMy
HyrKHo tr.Jr*trrrrrepecgo. 3ro !r ecrb ycrarroBxa lra cogep-
xcaHlle.
geaonery nelqe BcrroMusrË Karoe-ro cd6brrr{e, ecJrrl
oEo cBffSaHoc ApyrlrMr[ oArroBpeMerrHbrMuaueqaTJreHrlfi-
uu. 9ro csoËcrno rraugrn HocrlT rragBanr{e aarcor{o ,eov-
tnetccfna.

CoeepueHHo ceKperHo:
fW - FnaeuæWSBeAHBarenûDe Wpa*neHueI'enu-
nfuhaercxoù Apunu (eæunanpsaqxa), c 1992r. -
Poccwùctcoù Apunn, ,raBecrHoexax Llereeproeyn-
pa*neHuel-enepanuHoro ura6a u "B\ Ng 44388".06-
paso*aHHoea 1918r., oHonepBoHaqanbHo HaabrBa-
nocb PerucrpaunoHHHM ynpaBneHueM Wra6a Pa6o-
w-KpecrbttHcKoùKpacnoùApmun[Py crano HasH-
Barbcflc 1942r.). B Hacront4eeBpeMçr,no cBeAeHu-
sm "eu+uKnone4nuunnoHêDKa,, (M.: Kpou-llpecc,
1999),a I-PYpadoraer BoceMHa,qrJarb ynpaBnennù.

Eqe oArrrr garorr rraMsrn - aarcon oÛoemasu.anuitz

.rear 6onbrrre snarrllË rro otrpeAenerruoft reue, TeM nyqrrre
garroMrruaerca HoBoe. floarouy rpyArro sa'rouuarb Mare-
puarr nonoft TeMbrrlJrfi Auequrrnusrr. B ro ,rce Bpeus rro-

66
14onenmonbHile np ueMu 3anon uHox un. MnenomexHuKopaz aeàuuxoe

raa rnQopMaqrls ro yrfie rsl rssMoË panee ArrcqrrrrJrrrue

SAIIOMIIIIAETCA JIETqE.

Oqegr BarfirrblM AJIS BarroMfiHagrlff ,ffBJlflercg garcoH.

noarnopeHu,ni rroBTop.ffeMaff uuQoptuaqus satroMrrrraercs
clrJrbuee rôù, Koropaff o4rrn pao rrpocMarprlBaercs. Ec.rru
.rro-nu6o Hyrrctto BatroMrrurb HaAoJrFo, To neo6xogrlMo rre-
croJrbro floBTope:auit Marepl{aaa. flpu
aroM rroBTopenrre
B Brr4e BocrrpouaBe4enu.s B rrecxoJlËKo paa e(pQeKTrlBHee,
qeM B B}ÀÆe,qollonlluTeJrbrloro traccrlBHoro rlÎelrug 'vrJrrl
npocnymlrBarrrrff.

CoaepweHHo ceKperHo:
-
KU Kounrer nnQopuarluu npn CoaereMnnncrpoa
CCCP. CyqecraoBan Henpo4onxnrenbHoeBpeMfl
(oxrn6pa 1947 - npnb 1948 r.). Bodpan a ce6s
Qynx4unBHewHeùn aoeuuoùpasae4Ku.Boernae-
nsn KomurerunQopMaunnB. M. Monoroa(Cxps6nn).
u nonnrnqecKyropagBeq-
On ocyulecrBnenBoeHHyto
Ky sa py6exou; onepaunu npornl Bcexsapy6ex-
HHx aHTucoBercKuxopraHusa4uù; KoHTppaaBeAKy
B COBeTCKnX nACOnbCTBaX,TOqTOBHXnpeÆCTaBn-
TenbcTBax; paSBe,q,b,BaTenbHwe onepaunn B cTpa-
Hax Hapo4noù AeMoKparnu. Ltepes roq nocne co-
gÆ,aHuflKlrI sauuMancn ronbKo nuurb cdopou Buera-
HenonnruqecKoù unQopuaunn. B 1951 r. npeKpa-
Tun cBoe cyulecTBoaàuue.

Taxrau o6paaou, Hâ ocrroBarruritBblrrrerrgnoxceunoro,

MOTItHO CKASaTbr IITO yCUemHOCTb IIAMATMaBMIIT OT
Muorux SarropoB: rraJrrlque surepeca, ycrarroBrr rra sa-
troMtrrraHue, xapaKTep 3atroMlrEaeMoro MaTeprlaJla, BoJIe-

67
 3n6nuueea
M.tl.

Boe ycnJryre, crJronr{ocru tlqnoBera rr r.A. O6o6qenraa

cxeMa fipuqull, BJlrrfirorqrrxHa IIpo,qyKTrrBHocTb
IIaMrrTur,
rpe4craBJreuana puc. 7.

ll pur nuur, BnnrKuqne Ha n pogytfft4BHocrb naMf,Tt4

Cy6uerrnBHbte O6r'errnBHbte

t@uarepr.rna
I I

ffi
Puc. 7. *Cxerua npnqr{H,
Bnuflrorqux Ha [poAyKTrrBHocTb [aMffTrf I

Hrarc, ua ercfi ryraBbr Bbr He roJrbro ysnaJrrr Mnoro

HoBoro o ce6e, KaK, rranprrMep, r{To BËrÀeJraer€nlqrrre -
ygllaeTe IIJII{ BocIIpoIISBoAIITe' cJIbIIutITe vlJlu BLIAIITe, Ho
eule u o Tex oco6eHHocTax uaMsT?r, KOTOpbretrOMoryT BaM
He TionbKo Jr!ryme SatroMrlrrarb' Ho tI cAenarb raK, qro6br
SAIIOMEIIIJIII BAC.
 K TEOPUW
OTNPAKTUKU
Ilaunru - crpax Bceilylr cor(po-
Bcero.
Bl4rrlHr4qa
I[ugepou

CrpoeHne n OyHKqlt{ HefpoHa

MarepuaJrbrrbrM cy6crparoM rraM.flTrr,KaK u ,qpyrrrx
ucllxuqecKlrx upoqeccoB, aBJrseTcs EepBrrag cllcTeMa.
Crpyrcrypnoft u QyurcqnorraJrbnoft egunuqeË nepnnoft
crrcreMËr sBJrserca HepBsaff KJrerKa - nefipon. Crpoe-
nue neËpoua cxeMarnrrro [pe4craBnerro Ea prrcyure (cu.
nuxe). HeËponu o6naAarcT upuorrarcaMrr, npucyqnMr4
BceMKJrerKaMopranrraua. Hefipon, KaK u Apyrue KJrer-
l*V, raMeer u,umonnagmarnuvecrcVnmeudparuy, ofipeAe-
Jrsrorqyro ero uuArrBrrAyaJrbxbrerpaurrqbr. K ôynrqrrffM
quroflJrasMarrrrrecrcofi ueu6panbr ornocrrrcff rr BBarrMo-
4eficraue nefipona c ApyrrrMrr KJrerKaMu. B qentpe nefi-
poHa, rcaK rlr y Bcex KJreroK, HaxoAnrca aÔpo, co,qepïca-
qee rerrerrtrrecnyro un$opnraqnro. Bce, rrro HaxoArrrcs
Brryrpu qrlrofinaoMarrlrrecxoË ueu6panbr, ga rrcrJrroqe-
HrreM ffAP&, HOCr.rrHasBAErreqprnonnasJna. B qnrouJras-
Me coAeprrcaTcffopraHorrAËr- cJrorrcEoopraErrSoBarrEËre,

69
 Snânuqeea
M.ll.

IIocToaEEbre, ,IcI[SEeEEoBarrcHblecocraBrrbre rlacrlr KJre-

ToK, Bbr[oJrrrsronlr4eotrpe4eneurrbre Qynxquu. Snepre-
Trilqecrcrrecrarrqlrrr KJreroK - Jwumononîpuu - cnrrre-
glrpyror yurrBepca;rrnrrft rfrcrorrnrrx arrepruvr l,Jrg,KJrer-
Krr - ATO. B ryro;reryre AT(D oneprlrs xparrrrcff B BuÀe
xuMuqecrux csggeË 1r Molrer rrcrroJrËBoBarbcff rnerxoË
rro Mepe na4o6uocrvr. Oruùonnagùta.rnuvecrcaa cernb - paa-
BerBJrerrnagcerË ueu6parurbrx KarraJrbqeBrr uonocreË-s
qrrrorrJraaMe KJrerrcrr, o6ecue.ulBarorqag rparrctropr Be-
rrlecrB Bnyrpr{ KJrerKu. CyqecrByer ABa Br{Aa anAorJras-
Maruqecroft ceru - ruepoxoBara.Er{ rJIaAKafi, Ha ueu6-
panax EepoxoBaroË grgounaguarllrrecroft ceru Eaxo4ar-
ca pudocottbl) a Ha nneudpanax rn4qroË ser Aotronurr-
TeJrbrrbrxcrpyxtyp. Pr6ocoMbr lrpe,qcraBnarorco6oË côe-
pnqecnue crpyrcrypbr, ocnoBuaa Qynxqua rcoropbrx -
cr{Hteg 6erna. 9rra opranorlAbr Moryr 6rru Ee roJrbro
rrprlxpelJrerrbr K gn4o[JraaMarrl.recnoft cerrl, rro rr cBo-
6ogno pac[oJrararbcfi B rlnrorrJlasMe. Eqe ogfirr oprano-
rrg Knerxu - annapanl |o.naôtru - rrasBau rro rlrMenu
rlraJrbauqa Errnu.nuolonr4lnr, roroprrË paapa6oraJr Me-
ToA, uogBoJrsrotquËrrg5nrarbcrpoenue groro oprauor.r4a.
Murcpompyûovtcu - rourrre ouopnbre crpyrrypbr, rroMo-
rarorque nefipony coxparrfirb orrpeAenenuyro Qopruy.

CoaepueHHoceKperHo:
OCE - poccuùcxas cDe,qepanauan cnyxda 6eso-
nacHocrn. Ona npusBaHaocyruecrBnnrbHa4aopaa
co6npq,eHueM BHwpeHHHxro cy4a pcT&eHHHx saKo-
HOB n 3AKOHTqqaSB9AKOù.
n nOpnAKa [TepeOuaqanb-
Ho oHaHas*BanacacDe4epanauoùcnyx6où xonrp-
pasBe4KnPCK). Coe4ana oHa B oxrn6pe 1991 r.

70
 npueiluganowuvoxun.
MonenmanbHue paæeôuuxoe
MxenomexHuKo

B anpene 1995 r. 6una nepenMeHoBaHa e @C6. K

cnyx6e oAHoBpeMeHHonepetann Qynx4un 6opu6u
c opraHusoaanuoù npecrynHocrbto, ûaugurnsMoM,
TeppopusMoM,-KoHTpa6an,qoùToBapoB u ueHHo-
cteù, Koppynuueù. B cooraercTBuu c npuHerwM Ho-
BbtMsaKoHoM cDC6 nonyqnna npaBo ua codcrBeH-
Hyto TtopeMHytocncTeMy, BHeApeHne cBoux areH-
TOB B UHOCTpaHHHeOpraHUSAUnnn npecTynHHe
rpynnupoBKn, cog4aHne codcraeHH*x KoMMepqe-
cKnx crpyKryp B uHrepecax cBoeù ocnoanoù pa6o-
rbt. cbCE nMeer raKxe npaBo rpe6oearb nonwe-
Hue Heodxo4uuoù nnQopMarJnn or qacrubtx KoM-
nauuù n Qupu. OC6, KpoMe Bcero, oraeqaer sa
oxpaHy SaceKpeqeHHbtxnpaBnTenbcTBeHHHxMaTe-
pnano*, odecneqeHue 6eeonacHocrn a Boopy>xen-
uux Cnnax n Apyrnx rocy4apcrBeHHbtx crpyKrypax.

HeËpon odragaer u psgoM orJrr{qnreJrbnËrx lrepr.

B tro6onrr neËpore paanrrqaror reno, or rcoroporo orxo-
Aar orpocrrrd AByx BuAoB. Koporrue, BerBsrquecs or-
pocrnrr Haabrnarorca ô enùpu.rnatru.,unsopnaaqlrff no rrr{M
B Brr4e rrepBrroro ïMtrynbca npoxogrlr B TeJroneËpoua.
Orpocror, rrecyulraù rnnQopMaqnro or rena ueËpoua na-
BbrBaercs.arcconon. Ot reJra nefrpona orxoArrr roJrbro
oArrE aKcoE, AnrrEa KoToporo MorKeTB EeKoTopbrx cJry-
qa$x ,qoerrrrarr lrb M.
Ecnn Bbr Euqero Ee rrouflJrrr, To rrpocro trocMorpute Ea
plrcynon (no Bnylry, 1988). Moxcno upeAcraBrrrb, rrro oro,
EArrprrMep,rrEorrJrnrreTsHlrE rr3 rrecyrqecrByprqero co3Be3-
4raa MneMoglluËr.

71
 3n6nuqeaa
M.fl.

Baanuo4eficrnne tuerrc,qy nefrponauu oclnqecrBnffer-

cff rrocpe4crBoM cur{ancoa (cu. pucyuon). flo cyrrr, clr-
Harrc - gTo Mecro KorrTaKTa ÀByx neËponon. Ha KoHrIe
axcona oAroro reËpona uMeercff pacrullpenrre - fipecu-
EAIITIIqeCKOe OKOIIqaEI4e, B ICOTOpOMHaXOÀgTCg CrrHaII-
Tuarecrue rryahrpbnu. Drn crpyKTypbr co4epï(ar ocodoe xn-
Mrtrec$oe BerrlecrBo - ueÔuarnop. v.racror ueu6panrr
Aeugprrra Apyroro neËpoxa, ) racrByrorqefo B o6paaoea-
la.trfi cyrmarrca, rlagËrBaercfi [ocrcrrua[Tr4rrecxoË uervrdpa-
uoË. Ha reË HaxogJrrc.fi crequQvuecnïe peqerropbr -
crpyrcryprr ueu6paubr, BaarrMoAeficrnyrcqre c MeArraro-
paMrr. flpocrpaucrBo Metrc4y rrpeclrrrarrTrrqecxrrM oxonrra-
rrr4eM rlt llocTcr.rHarrTrrrrecroË nnevr6panoË nagËrBaeTcs ctr-
HarrrrrqecxoË uleJrbro. HepnnrrË urvruy.ubc, rrocryuunurnft
B IIpeCUHAIITIITIeCKOeOKOHqAIII{e, BËrSbrBaeTBËrÀeJregEe
Me4r{aropa B crruarrrnrrecrcyro uleJrb. Me4uarop Bcryrraer
Bo BaalrrvrogeËcrBue c peqerrropaMlr rra trocrcunaûTuqe-
croË ueu6pane. B peoynbrare ororo BsarrMogeficrnvs. Ha
u 9
BTopOM IIeEpOEe BOSIIIIKaeT IIepBHbILt IIMIyJIËC, uepeAalo-
rqnËca AaJreero qetrr neËpouon.

CoaepweHHoceKperHo:
A|EHT - nn4o, KaKnpaBnno, nHocrpAHeq, He n*nçt-
rcqeecn urarHuM corpyAHnKoMcne4cnyx<6,HoAeù-
crBynqee no ux sa4aHueM. B pasaegcnyxdax ecrb
- u u Q op u aro p b,, are HTH -Aes u n Qop Maro p bt,
are HTbt
areïTbt, pa6oTapune no+ AnKToBKynpoTnBHnKa,
ABOùHHe are HTH,are HTA-HenerAnH, are HTH-rpyn no -
BO,4H,TaùHHeareHTH, areHTH BnngHUn.

72
Mon eumanbHu e npueilb,3anor4uHanun. MuenomexH
uKapaæeduuxoa

Fnaaxrtfi
olr,Aonna3ilaÏlrqecxnl
perrxynyM

nApo
flApuuro

llJepoxoearuÉ
oHAonfl€xlMartl.{ecruÈ
perHKyflw

KnerorxaRmeu6paxa

Arcox

MnçorpyEovxn

Mrroxorg{urn
Crxanrtr.{ecflù
ny3Hpe|(
O6parxoe
n(rnoqeHtre
Crxanc

Peqemopu
An8 reAnaropa

73
 3n6nuqeaa
M.fl.

LI csosa plrcynor (uo Bayuy, 1988). Totrxo rre roBo-

prrre, rrro Bbr Errqero He rlogsJrlr, [oroMy rrro gror uao6-
parxennbrË xa pucysxe cy6terr sa rduorrJranersrrr4rra yrre
Mano uoxoÏc...

llililililN
?{€
Mnroxon4prn

*^63:,%:
,%3àé%?â^'&
Cnxanrn recxhÉ
ny3brpex

llpecunanrxqecxaR
ueuEpaxà
ffiflh#s
PeqenroÈAnn MeÆ,raropa

Mogr qenoBeKacocror4T H3 10r2 nepBHbtxKne-

ToK. O6HqHaRHepBHaHKnerKa nonylttaer HHQop-
MaqHo oT coreH H TbtcflrtApyrux KneToKh nepeAa-
eT coTHgM14TbtCRr{aM, a KonnqecTBocoe.qHHeHufi
B ronoBHoM Mo3ry npeBbtrxaer 1014-1015.Caruue

74
Moneumanffi u e npuenu sanon una,!!!q. l,lnenomsxHuRapaeeeôuuro e

KpynHbte
HepBHHe
KnerKua 1000 pae 6onbureca-
MbIX METKUX.
Macca Mosra qenoBeKacocTaenaet 1/46 o6-
qefi Maccbtrena (uacca Mo3ra cnoHa - l/560
Maccbt rena). O6qas nnou4agbKopbtronoBHoro
MosraBapbupyeror 1468 Ao 1670 re. cu. 3a un-
Hyry qepes Mosr nporeKaer T4O-750 rvrnxpoeu. V
xeHu4t4H Bec Mosra MaKcLtManeH
B IS-19 ner, y
-
MlDKqr4Ha 20-29 ner. Haquxanc 30 roÂAxusHn
y qenoBeKaexeAHeBHoru6Her g0-S0 rbtcnq He-
pBHbtxKneToK.

Teopnu nausrlr
flaustr cBasbrBarorc rrgMegerrltaMn B rrepBrrofi cucre-
Me' Koropble coxparrfirorcfi B TeqeHr{eEeKoroporo BpeMe-
nu. 9rn rrsMerreHr[ffolluchrBarorcfi pasnrrrrHbrMtl Teopr4fi-
MIT IIAMSTI{.

...8uosry
Bepnee,qeMB nepraMeHTe h BocKe,
tl o6paereofi HaBeKu
c6epery,
lA ue HyxHbt MHe naMsrHbte AocKl4.
B. Wexcnnp

CoeepweHHoceKperHo:
AP - areHrypHaepasBqKa.

75
 3n6nuqeea
M.fl.

llcroprrvecrcr{ uepnofi QuauoaorrllecroË reopueË na-

Ms:rrr aBJrffercs. meopue. [. Xe66o. I[*resso oE pasAenr{n
rraMgrË Ea KparroBpeMesrryrl rr AoJrroBpeMerlsyp. flo
Xe66y, B ocrroBe KparKoBpeMeEEoË nausrrl Jrerfirrr rpo-
qecc rroBTopEoro llpoBeAeErlff rrepBrroro r{M[yJlbca no 3aM-
KrryrbrM qerrffM uefipouoB, rre cofipoBorfiAaloulrËcs usMe-
HeHrlsMrlr B crpyrcrype neËpolla. Ecnu ,Ke roBTopEoe rpo-
BeAerrue rrMfiyJrbca rro BaMrcrryrofi nefiponnoË qetrrl co-
npoBotrc,qaeTcg rlSMeEerrrreM B cTpoerrr{rlt cr{Harrca (yne"nn-
qelllre unorqaArr collprrKocHoBeHrrfl, yBeJrrrqeHrre tIHcJra
cuuarreoB B rleuu), To BoarrrrKaer AonroBpeMeurraa fiaMffTb.

CoaepueHHo ceKperHo:
ATTAUE - BaeHHbteunu BoeHHo-Mopcxnearraue -
oQu4epu apMun wnn Qnora, pa6orapt4ue B cronu-
uax uHocrpaHHbtxrocy4apcrB Æneo6ecneqeHne cBn-
au c MecrHbtMnBoopWeHHHMn cnnaMn, c6opa uu-
Qopua4nn r.tgorKpbtrbtx ucro.tHuKoB, a ecnu npeq-
craBnqercçt Bo3MoxHocrb, To u n3 SaceKpeqeHilxnc-
To.tHuKoB(cpegu Hux KaKoduquarc oQu4epat, TaKn
oQu4epu cne4cnyx6).

Curuantnuve cft,ue rn eopuu cBffBrIBaror rrp oqe c cbl n aMff -

TII I{CKJIIOITI4TEJIbHO C }ISMEHEH},fiM'VT, IIPOIICXOAffIIIIIMTI B

c[Earrce. C. Pow yrBept*iAaer, rrro rlpu ycBoeHrru rroBoro

o[brra (r.e. rrpr{ BarroMrruaurlu) npoucxoAffT rrBMeHeHvIfi B
olrpe4eJrerrublx neËpouax rI B rax crIHa[TrrrIecKrIX cBffBflx.
flpyrne uccJreÀoBareJl]r I. Jlun.r z M. Eo4pu cBasblBalor
npoqecc 3aIIoMrIHaHlIfi c yBeJrrIqeHLIeMcoAeprfi arr]rfi KaJIb-
qrrfi B IlocTctrHauTr/rtlecroË ueuoparre, rrTo, B rcoHerlHoM
crrere, ynyquaer pa6oty AaHHoro crrnatrca.

76
MoueumanbHue
npueiluJanoriuHauun. paseeduuxoe
MuenomexHuKa

CoaeputeHHo ceKperHo:
EEPnUHCKnn TyHHEnb - onepartin aMepnKancrcoù
n dpuraucxoù pasBe4oK no cbeMy unQopuauun c
coBercKnx n BocroqHo-repMaHcKux reneQou u ax n u -
ttttùi, B xo4e xoropù us Sanaqraoro a Bocroquuù 6ep-
nuu 6un npopb,r taùuwù no4eeuuuù xo4. Cpegn no-
cBet4eHHbtxB ery onepa4uo 6un corpyguux MH-6 n
o4tioBpeMeHHoareHr (coaercxu ù paeaegtnx) Axoppx
Eneùx, nocraauaunù B ngBecTHocrbcoBercKne cneg-
cnlp<6u, KoropHe HeKoropoe BpeMe ycneuHo nepe-
Aa Bann Aesu nQop Maun,o.

HeËpoQrrarroJror JI. Ae Ho npe4JroxcrrJrpeaepdepaltu-

oHHAn neopuro traMaTrr. flocroarrcy B crpyrcrypax Moora
c5Æqecrnyror saMxuyrrre neËpounbre qeurr, To EepBsrrË
rrMtrynbc Mo)rceTqrlpKynllpoBaTb uo gTrlM qefrsM, uocTe-
trenrro saryxas. Lluesuo grr{ Kpyru quprynsqnu EepBEo-
ro r{MnyJrbca tro otrpegenenuoË coBorcyrruocrn neËpouon
rr paccMa.TprrBarorcffKaK cyocrpar coxpalleErra trarugrrr.
B arux rre Kpyrax nnQopuar{Es rra KparxoBpeMessofi
trAMSTIrt trepeXO.qIIT B AOnrOBpeMeEEIftO.

CoaepueHHo ceKperHo:
6OEBAfl PA3Bffi|<A - raKrnqecKan pasle4Ka, Koro-
pafl Be4ercfl c uenb,o c6opa ceegeuuù o Henocpe4-
crBeHHoMnporuBHnKe npu no4roroBKe aoennoù one-
pauun.

Âpyras rpytrua uccnegosarereË cBlrsbrBaer rrpoqeccbr

rrausrn c oupe4enensofi trocJregoBareJrbaocrbroduoxuun-
qecrcrrx pearqufi, trporeKarcqrx n ueËponax. Tarc, orrbr-

T7
 M.fl.
3n6nuqeea

rrr I. Xr4ena lroragaJrlr, rITo rrpoqecc ganoMrruagrra co-

npoBorrcAaercs rrsMerrexrrsMrr csoËcrn PHK u 6e.nra s
nefiponax. P.I[. KpyuuroB paapadoraa Korrqerr1uro, co-
r.llacxo xoropofi B ocnoBe uaM.ltrr{ JrerrcarrrBMeHeErI.fl,cBg-
SArrrrbrec MeArraropaMrr- xrrMrlrlecKrlMrr llocpeÂHr{rcaMrl
UepegAqe.
B CuEAtrTIrtIeCKOË

flpe.q,craBneHneo roM, ttro B ocHoBenaMRTt4

nexaT HeKhexnMnqecKneBeu{ecrBa,onncaHo
A. CemQroMB ero npom3BegeHnn "flyreuecrBne
l-ynnneepan.VunrenbMareMarttKvl, c KoropHMno-
sHaKOMHnCn l-ynnhBepe Jlanyre, npeAr|aranceoÉ
cnoco6 sanoMLtHaHue reopeM: nKax.qaqreopeMa
c AoKa3arenbcTBoM TqarenbHo nepenHcblBaercfl
HaroHeHuxofio6narre qepHnnaMH, cocraBfleHHbl-
MVlt g Mr4Kcrypbr npoTt4BronoBHoù6onu. Yqennx
rnoraer oonarry HaroqaK il B TeqeHrerpex cJIe-
,qypull,rx,qHeùHeecr Hnqero,KpoMexne6aH Bo,qbt.
Korga o6narra nepeBaphBaercs,MhKcrypanog-
HnMaercnB ero Mo3r, nprHoce c co6où TvAaxe
reopeMy, (CanQr .4. llyreutecrBnel-ynnneepa.-
KaKorMeqaeraBrop B
M., 1980. C. 165) O.qHaKo,
,q,anbHefiuleMnoBecrBoBaHnr,oror cnoco6 6um
r',|anoeQQerrneeH.

Taruu o6paaou, Bce reopnu traMflTrr Morrcno pas4e-

Jrrlrb Ea ,qBe6onrmne rpyrrlbr. flepnar rpytrrra - aro 6uo-
xrlulrrrecrrle reop*rer. Coxpaxenue unQopMaqrm rrpouc-
xoAI[Î nyreM KoArrpoBarrrs ee B BrrAexuMrrtrecKrrx coe,4rr-
nesnË. Bropaa rpyrrrra o6te.qnnser reopllu, cBttabrBarl-

78
fll,oygnmonbvue
npuenusanonunanun.
ïlnenomununapaseeduuxoe

rrlrre trpoqeccÉr rraMarn c cosgarrreM sosoË crpyrrypuofi

opranrraarlufi neËpouon, c o6paaoBarrueM EoBbrx cssgeft
Merrt,qynefiponanau.

CoaepueHHoceKperHo:
B6IBOA - erccQunarpaune- raùnuù auaos(nepe-
6pocxa) areHra nnn gJyroro nnua c reppnropun ro-
cy4apcrBa, rAê BenacbpasBerya6ora.

lIrar, ocrrJrrrBmuftery rnaBy rerrepbMor*cerroBopnrb

IIe TOJIbKO Ea ASbIKe ]nIeEOrO-trCnXOJIOrA, EO U EA fi8Ë.lKe
] reuono-Quanonota.
Eo.nrurnncrBo rr&]quÉrx qrroB rr cnoBocorrerarr!!Ë ruo-
,Ker rrocnyrrrlTb orJrrr.tgbru MareptraJroMAnff Toro, trro6rr
noupaKTlrKoBaTbcgB SarloMngaïnn.
Ecnr.r Heroropbre cnoBa ran n ocraJrrrcÉAnrr Bac gara,q-
roË nayrcrr, Bbr BrroJrueMorrcereBblyrulrr rrx roJrbro Ang
Toro, .rro6rû gaMerrrrrb B cBoeË petru cJroBaMareprbre Ea
EaltIrIIg-pyf aTenbrrbre.
 noBbltuEHug.
KyPCbr
KBAIlrouKArtuu
M9 BAlUEl,l
IlAM9Tl,l

<3a6um cosceil!>>- Het, gTo!,ryfip]txiilty

He uoxer H:uttanauf,rb 6mr noor]nuxa.
A. I,Iuuxeeuv

flpupo4rras rraMffTb y Bcex .nrogefi paauaa. O,qnu uo-

rli rroxBacrarbca xopourefi rraMffTËro,Apyrne rr€Jryrorcff
EA TO, rrro y rrrx ([Jroxa$ IIaMgrbD.

CoaepueHHo ceKperHo:
AESUHOOPMAUWfl @nrn. repunn) - MepH, npeq-
npuHnMaeMue cne4cnyxdaMu Atre Bao,qaa ea6nyx-
AeHne npaTuBHnxa.$ena Aocruraercn npu noMoqn
ganwbr*aHnn cBeqeunù, ux ncKaKeHun nnn noFAen-
xn. ero npuBo,qur K ToMy, Ltroy Bpara ctan4HBaercg
npeBparHoe npe4craBneHue o6 ucrnHHoM nonoxe-
Hnn Aen nnu o6 nHoM co6uruu, oneparJ,nn.

C regucoM, rrro traMgrË Mo)rcgo ynlnrruurb, corJracrrbr

nce. Ho KaK aro cgenatr? flpu4etca onopqurb rrrrrareJr.ff,
 ttHouun. MnenomexHuKgpaseeôuuxoe
MoueumonbHu e npueil u 3ano14

xmoprrË xorrer rron)^rrrrb Ea gnor Botrpoc o,qnognarrgurfi

orBer. Fl/[uuoro peqeura Eer, Aa, EaBepgoe, tr Ee Morrcer
6rtrr. flocronrry rraMffTb Ka]rc,qoroqenoBera JrErrKaJrbEa'
To y KarrcAororleJroBexacJ[qecrByror u cBorr cuoco6rr, trPE-
eMbr, Mero4br garroMrrnanrrff. Hunce 6ygyr rrpe4noncenbr
pasnr{rrrbre crroco6rr yayurtreurra rraMsrrl. floupo6yËre
(rrprrMenrrrb K ce6er ralrc4rrË Mero4 u nrr6parb rrMerrso
TOTIIpI{eM nJrrr EecKoJrbKorrpueMoB, KoTopbreJr] rme Bce-
FOtrOAXOAAT'rrMeEEO BaM.

HaseaHueMHeMosr4HaHoct4TManantrnaHera(ac-
repohg) HoMep57, oxpbrae 22 cerlrls6pn1859 r.
Atoccenb4opQcrnu acrpoHoMoMKapnou Teogo-
polrt Po6eproMJlnrepou. Acrepor44MHeuognxa
naMerbo npounoM,,qaou{yloron-
cl,lMBonn3Lrpyer
rtoKTBopqecrBy;Qrrcaqmp. l-lonoxeHneMHeuo-
3l4HbrB ropocKoneroBopnr o6 oco6eHHocrexna-
M9Tl4 qenoBeKa.

BnnmaHvre,noHlrMaHlte,
qenb n noBTopeHne
Saronosor gToro uaparpaQa, uo cyrrr, sBJrserctr rrep-
BbIM I{ CaMËIM BaTICIIbIM trpIleMOM yJl}rqrueHllfi IIaMJITII lt
orrupaerca rra BanorrbrrraMsrrr. Bo-nepnblx, cJIeAyffBaKo-
rry ycrarroBrcrr, neodxo4uMo rrocraBllll. u,enb satroMrrtrrb
Ty rrnu r{Hyrc unQopuaqnro. Moxcno rrecxoJlbxo pas BrI-
Aerb oAHy v ry )rceKapT[Hy, rro Ee SarroMrrHarbee, ecJrrr
Eer rarofi qear.

81
 3n6nuqeeattt.ïl,.

CoaepueHHo ceKperHo:
AEUUçDPOBAHWE OOTOCHUMKOB - nonyueHne
pasBep4aHHbtxna aHannsa u Meptwxce eororpae n ù
(Qoro co cnWHu KoB-rannoHoB, c pagBe4*Baren bHbrx
c aMon ero B, n oÆB
oAHHx n o4o K, Halq,B
oAHbrx Kop a dneù
nnn cAenaHHHeno4bMu na cyue).

Bo-nropbrx, Heo6xo4raua rcorqenTparlr{s lnuJwavun

Ha lrgpaeMoM Marepnare. Korreqno, crorrrlenTpnponarb
BIII{MaIIuê Ha cKJruHoM MaTepuane 'qoBoJIbHocJloxcHo.
flocrapafirecr naËru cBaar.r MeJKAy orofi cryrnoË re-
ruofi r rrntepecyrou1efi sac upo6aenrofi (aarcon urrrepe-
ca). HanptrMep, (cftyrrnbrer TeMbIQuaraxu Mornuo rrppr-
Merrnrb s onorornu: c noMorrlbro SaKorroBotrTpfiNuoIIu-
carb pa6ory rJrasa. Pagsururo yMerrrrJr Korrqerrrpr{po-
BATb BrrRMArrUeCUOCOoCrAyer pasBrrne naonro,qareJrË-
rrocrrl. flocruorpure Ea orpyrrcarculre Bac rpe4Merbr
(ApyruM BSrnaAoMr, oTMeTbTeTe rrx qepTbr, KoTopbre
BbI paEbIIIe He SAMerIAJIIlt.
*flonropexue - MarË 1nreurrflD- rJracETpyccraa rro-
cnoBr{rla. Dra froeJroBr{qacornacyercfi c BaKoHov^noamo-
peHu,n. He upocro noBTopnoenpoqreur{e, a rroBToperr{eB
B![Ae BocnpouaBeAenuffcrrocodcrnyer ryqrueMy sanoMr.r-
Harruro. {arrI€ Bcero llpe,qnaraercs cJleAyrorqas cxeMa IIo-
BTopeurrs: nepBËrËpaa - qepes 20 ruunyr rocJre rpotrre-
rrrrs, nropoË - qepeg 24 q,aca, rpernfi - qepea rreÀeJrrc),

CoaepweHHoceKperlo:
AOU - Apyroe HauMeHoBaHne Qenrpa, wrad-xeap-
TupH coeercxoû aueuJneùpasBe4Ku.Eu.1re
usBecrHo
KaK4.funbutoûAout.
82
MoueumonbHu e npuewu 3anoiluHaxun. Muenome)uuKapazaedauxoe

lI, naxon€t1 corJracno BarcorryocubrcJrenrrs' noH'uil'a,-

Hue figyvaeMoro MareprraJla odaernraer eno BarroMrluanrre.
flaa rrourrMarru.ffMareprraJraMorrcuortcrroJrbsoBarbKJIroqe-
Bbre cJroBa, cxeMbl, prrcylrrrr rr ra6nuqrr. flnr BbrrroJrrre-
rrrr.ffgrrrx onepaqnft uorpe6yercs oupegeneurraff Tpenr{poB-
Ka. LTrarc,BogbMltreKpacnnË rapan4arrr. tlura,ff Tercr arono
naparpaQa ( * Brnnraurre, rronrlMarrrre,qeJrbrr IroBropeulle I ),
IIOAIIEPKHUTE KPACHbIM KAPAIIAAILIOM KJIK)qEBbIE CJIOBA.

flponeprre, ecrb JIrr JIorEçIecKaa cBfiBb Merrc,qy arrrMrr cJro-

BaMrlr. Ecnra raroË cBg3n Her, BBe.qrrre AotroJrrrETeJrbEbre
cJroBa, JlorrltlecKrre cB.ffSblBarorq[e KJrIoqeBbIe cJroBa.

CoaepweHHoceKperHo:
AOnyCK - paspeuteHneK ceKperHoùpadore (pa6o-
Marepnanaun).CaoeodpasnuùnW-
ra c ceKperHb,Mu
nycK.On 6uaaer pasHoùxareropnn ceKperHocrn.

Brrunrunre BbrAeJrerrrrbreKJrrorleBbrecJroBa r[ BBeAeH-

rrbre cBsabrBarorqre cJroBa(gn.s aroro c[eqrraJlbrro ocraB-
JrerroMecro B Korqe rraparpaQa) u cocraBbre c rrrrMrr pac-
cxaa, rrepeAaroqnfi cogepxcanrreupoqrrrarrnoro BaMu rer-
cra. Csepbre Barrr paccrao c ucxogrrblu TeKcroM.

CoaepweuuoceKperHo:
EfEPb (xcapron)- raK,<a,apoabte
corpy4HnKn6pttnn-
cKnxcnet$nw6 HagHBiN)rpycoeogtneneùareHry.

flocreuerrno, rro Mepe ]tBeJrlr.legrlJrquqlra rercroB, oc-

MbrcJrerrnb[KTaK]rModpasoru, yrre xe nonpedyerca upogellbr-
Barb Bce gur otrepaqrut [rrcbuerrro. Brrgerresue rdlrroqeBbrx
ctroB *r l*tx cB.aabrBârûre6y4et trponcxoÆlTb arnoMarfiveer(Ir.

83
 3a6nuqeea
M.tl.

Knro.IesËre cJroBa:

CoaepueHHoceKperHo:
)lUlOK - cKpuroeno4crryuuæ,ot4eeyupoùcrao nnu
cnelpn naparypaAflf, BeAeH
nn ayAnouadnp4eu
nn.

84
 pn3EeaqUKOï
HUf, . MHeilOmeXHUKO
3O\OHUHO

Hro raKoe (MHeMonnrar?

Hanepno€, B sarnefi ficrrgnrr cnfraJrocb r[ laroe: BÉr
XOTE.,IN ITTO-TO SAIIOMIISTb, COCPEAOTOTTUJIIT BIIITMAEITE IIA

aroM MareprraJre rr AatKe rroHaJrrr ero, Eo rlepeS EeKoropoe

BpeMfl Bce paBIIo sa6bplu. LIsorAagnff JI1rIIIuero saIIoMI[-
Haurrs MaTepIlaJIa neodxO4l{Mo I{CtrOJIbsoBATbOCo6ge rrpu-
eMbr aarroMrrrarrrs, orrrlcbrBaeMËre MreMorrrxoË. C"nono
(MneMorrrrca) upoucxo,qllT oî rlMerlra rpeqecxofi dorunr
naMgTrlr MnetrOAUIIËI. Ctrnraercg, IITO aBTOpOMoTOIO CJIO-
Ba sBJlsercs flusarop Calaocex*tit.

CoeeputeHHo ceKperHo:
SAEOP (pyccxuù xaprou) - rpaHnua c ApyrnM rocy-
Aap crBou. Tep u nn n cnonbsyercn np n MeHnren bHo KaK
K BoeHHoù,rax u pagBe4HBarenbHoùAenrenbHocTu.

Vban<r.MueMorrnna - oro rlcryccrBo oarroM]rnaurlfi,

coBoryrruocrb rrp[reMoBra cnoco6on, o6nerqarcqrrx Sarro-
Mr{Hanrre rI yBeJlrltlrlBaroqux o6reu rraMsrrr rryreM o6pa-
BoBarrrrJrrrcxyccrBerlubrx accoqlrarlrnË.

CoaepueHHo ceKperHo:
WHOOPMATOP- nnuo, BonbHonnu HeBonauocua6-
e pasBeAHBarenbHH e opraHH ceKperHoù nn n
xa,rcltue
cny>xe6n où nn Qop ua uweù.

Mnoruu MHeMoHuqecKuM rrprleMaM JIerKo HayqrlTb-

cff, Apyrrle Mbr lrcrroJrbSY€M, rle Srlaa' rrTo oHrI sBJltrror-
cg MEeMoHr{rrecKuMrI. Ecrr r olleltË Tpy,qHËIe [prreMbr,
KoropËrMrl Moryr rroJrbsoBarbcJr roJrbro oco6engo KBa-

85
 3n6nu4eda
M.ll.

nuQnuupoBarrsÉre MrreMorrrrcrbr - nro,qu, c[eqr{aJrËHo

SArIIIMaIOUIUeC.S 3aIIOMUIIaHrreM 6o.rrruroro o6reMa rrrr-
Sopuaqnr.r.

CoaepureHHo ceKperHo:
-
UCTOqHUK ncro'tunx nuQopMa4nu (tenoaex wnn
TexHnqecKoeycrpoùcrBo), nMept4uùcn a pacnope-
xeHun pagae4,bnarenbHoù opraunsa4un nnn cnw-
6u 6esonacHocru u ucnonbsyeuuù B oneparnBHbtx
qennx. B CWA gror repMnH orHocurcfl KoHKperHoK
qenoBe,<y,ar KoToporo ncxo4ur unQopMaqus.

Jlerenga trpurrtrcbrBaer usodpereur{e MseMonrrrlr ApeB-

EerpeqecroMy rroeTyCnuonu.qy (556-468 rr. go n.e.). O4-
Harrc.qbrnexuË 6ora.r Crona BaragaJr eMy rrarrrtcarb ogy B
cBoroqecrb. V CrauonuAa6surr Harrucarrbrcrrrxu o 6pam-
sx 6rusnerlax ICacrope n flo.rrayrce, ga Koropbre rroor He
rroalqss rosopapa. rlro6rr rBopqecxue ycrrnua rre rrporra-
nu Aaponr, cuuonu4 Ao6aBrlJrK rrfiM cTporrir, rroscusK)-
r4rr€, \rro ,qaunarroga npocJraBJr,ffer
Crcony. 3ro upousBe-
Aeurre.ra6rrno upoqurano rra rrupe y Cxonrr. O4naxo 6o-
raq 3aIIJraTuJrrrogTy ToJrbKo rroJroBnHy paEee oroBopeH-
uofi cynaMbr,rrocoBeroBaBsa BTopoËnoroslrnoË o6parr4Tbcs
rc 6oxecrBerrrrbrM 6parrau. CpeA" rrupa Cuuonn,qa Bbr-
gBanu Ha ynuqy, cKaBaB,rrro ero ,rc4yr ABoe ronomeù. B
aro BpeMff cn]ryuJlocb SeMJrerpsceHr{e,aa.uoopyurrlrJrcff,u
Bce uupoBaBruue 6rr.nn uorpe6errbr rro,q pasBannuaurr.
ICorga yAaJrocbpacrorrarb ocrasnrl, Tpyrrrr 6run rar [ray-
poAoBarrËr,qro r{x HeBoBMo)rcHo 6rrao orrognarr. Ho Cu-
MOHEA IIOMITTTJITFAe I{TO CAAeJI B TOT MOMeHT, KOrAa OH
Bbrxo4rrn rrs saJra. flo uo4cr+asnaM CuuonrAa poAcrBeu-

86
 gAnOMuHonUn.
npUeMU
MOneumOnbHb,e paseeô'auxoa
MuenOmexuUXa

HHKrrHarrîJrrrcBorrx 6nllgrnx. Taxuu o6pasou' oragaJrocb'

ITTO MO'ICIIO SATIOMHIITb IPE,qMETbI' ECJIIT PACNONO'KITTb IIX

3 IISBECTIIbIX KOMHATAX.

CoeeputeHHoceKperHo:
KOA - MeroA KpnnrorpaQun, npeqycMarpnBaounù
saMeHy Bcex cnoB nnn Qpas coo6l4eHus KoAoBbtMu
cnoBaMn n KoAoBHuu odosHaqeHunmu. Knura KoAoB
AonxHa 6ura u y ornpaanrenfl, n y nonryarenfl nH'
Qapmaqun. OcHoauoe pasnnqne Mex4y KoAoM n
utnQpo4a cocronr B ToM, 'tro KoA ocHoBaH Ha npuH-
- ero
unne aaMeHH uen*x cnoB unn Qpas, a wnQp
saMeHa xaxc^où or4enbHoù 6Yxau.

(Mero4 MecD) LrOott

B ganrneftureu cuoco6 CsnnonnAa sarroMurrarb rrpe4-

eTaJrHaSbrBaTbca(MeToAoM
MeTbrrro ux paclroJrolrceHrrro
Mecrr, a caMrr trpe,qMerËrcraJr*l pacllonaraTb rre B KoM-
Harax, a Ha Maprupyre cnegoBanrlg. Hnaenso raruu o6-
paSoM SarroMlIHaJIII CBOII UpOIIOBeAII MOII AXII-AOMIIIIIIKAII -

qbr B XVI n. Cytr rrx Meroga SarJrroqaercfi B ToM' 'rro6rl

[peACTABIIT6 Ce6e [yTb B xOpOuIO SIIaKO aOË MSCTIIOSTII,
a SareM MbrcJreErro paeuoJrotlSurb Ea aroM tryrlr BeqII'
Koropble ueo6xoguMo gatroMrrrrb. rlto6rr naBJretlb rrn-
ôopuaquro rrg traMsrrr, Eyrrcno MbrcJleurro rrepenecrncb B
ary Mecrrrocrb u upofiru uo gToMy nyrr{ rr' ccodrpaar
paccTaBJIeIIIIbIe TAM IIpeAMeTbI, BOCUpOUSBeCTMCIOns-
(Popuaqrfro. {Lr.,{rb",Ty%n
K)j-*
I hdi*{&fl
wuv+b 6Y'^$
K[vlfi"l*i-\rgf,*fr'
 3n6nuqeea
M.tl.

CoaepueHHo ceKperHo:
KOHTPW1UOHAX - paûora KoHrppasBe4Knno He-
AonyueHnp nona.q,aHueceKpeTHbtxMaTepnanoB B
pW u npe4cra enren eù n Ho cTp aHHbtx pas Be,quBaren b-
uarx cnyx6.

flpurvrep uc''oJrbgoganuff âToro MeroÀa np'rBeÀen Ha puc.

8 u 9. Ha puc. 8 zso6parrcegbr a66arcrno r ero pagJrrrrrxbre
cayxc6u: HaÂBopubre uocrporîrn, 6u6nuorexa, rracoBns ï
Àp. Ha puc. 9 u rpu pfiAa uao6paxcenÉr orAeJrbubre o6sen-
TbI' accoquupylouluecs c reMu kllrvr ul}dbrMlr MbrcJraruz 6y-
4yqeft uporoBe4vr v pactroJrorrceuuËre Ha ryrpr vepes a6-
6arcrso. ICor4a Morrax'y neo6xo4lrMo BcrroMurtrb Bcro perrb,
oH MbrcJrer{HonpoxoÀr4T aror rryrË' <<HâxoÂIITùrra HeM pa3-
JrrrrrHbrerrpeAMerrr (I{.qeu) B HyrrcHoft nocle4oBareJrbHocr[.
Kaxc4uË usrrrË ro crrery rrpeÀMer - ero pyxa, a xarx4rrË
gecsrrrË - 9To Kpecr, .rro6H opaTop Mor [oApasAenr,rrb
rcaxguË pff,q Ha ABe troJroBr4rrËr.

CoaeputeHHo ceKperHo
KPnnTOI-PAOnfi- HayKaraùuoro HanucaHnncoo6-
uleHnfl. Tepmnucocronr ns rpeqecKuxcnoB kryptos
(cexper) u graphos(nucauo).r4o lg2l r. cnoBo<Kpun-
torpaQnnDTapKeogHagano pagra4,HBaHne KOAOB.

coapeareurrbrecrdcreMbrBarroMrrrrarrr{aHaabrBaroTgTor
IIpr{eM *Qonorvrr r! npeAJrararor pactroJrararb sarroMrrHae-
MbIC NPEAMCTËIIIJIII OorEXrrT B KOMHATE,B AOME, gA
YJIII.
IIê' B roporqet Ra SeMIroM ruape' B KocMoce II Aalrce rra reJre
rreJroBeKa. rrasHoe, vro6bl Bbr xopolllo Srranu gTor
@og,
,rcenarenbuo Ao uenr.rafirrrux no4po6nocreË.

88
l4oneumanffi Ue npUeu u ganon UxAuun. Mueuomexuuxa paseeôquxOe

BARBITONSOR
BEL[.{TOR
7tr\_
6-ô-ô6
mil-8tTl
t lEtEfsEtl

BVBVLCYS

lt
n
Puc, 8

89
3n6nuqeea
fil.fl.
 ue npuenu
flonenmanbr, sdnonunaHun. paæeèqunog
llxenomunuxa

J4uexxogrr'rMnpneMoMnonbsoBancs1U.,onu-
cannufi e pa6ore A. Jlypuvr"ManeHbKaeKHr4xKa o
6onuuroùnausrn". [U. noMeqafl cfloBa, Koropbte
eMy npeparann.qnn ganoMuHaHrfl, B BuAeo6pa-
soB Ha yJrr4qAx
ero pogHoro ropo.qa. l'lpn Bocnpo-
u3BeAeHUU pspdâ C'|OB [lJ. crnPOXO,Q]rJrn
nO TOMy Xe
Mapupyry u ((co6nP€M"ena o6pa3br.

CoeepueHHoceKperuo:
KP Krc) - Kot'"rpapasae4Ka(xonrppa*qH*arenb-
nuû orgen). Cne4cnyx6a, saHnMatoulaf,cnpacKpb,-
TneM BpæKecKnxareHToB,SaroBoptr$4 KoB, npeAoTB-
pat4eHneMocTpHxnonuTuttecKnxn BoeHHb,x cuTw-
Unù, AnBepcnû, eaupttoù nonnrnqecKux, BoeHubtx,
0KoHoMn qecKnxceKpeToB.

?Irar, BaM rrpe4nararor BarroMnrirrb p,f.q cJroB, KaK,

EarrprrMep, B TecTeoqeEKIr traMfiTrr, uprrBeAeEEoMB rJla-
ne eOr reopuu K uparTrrrce).
,Qrapr,rxa6nu
flanana
96noxo
Kapaugau
l-posa
Vrra
06pfr
MenuHuqa
[-lonyrafi
flncror

91
 3n6nu4eea
M.ll.

Aas roro .rro6n gatroMnrrrb ctrucox cJroB, Eytrcuo Ba-

panee rroAroroBrrrbcs. Haupuncep, BËr6y4ere pacuonararË
err{ cnoBa rro Aoporc na pa6ory.
Paao6reM ,qopory rra rrecxoJrËKoJrçracrxoB:
noÂbe3A,
neuexoAnulù nepexog qepe3 Aopory,
aBTO6yCHae OCTaHOBKa,
aero6yc c KoHôqyKTopoM,
no.q3euHurfinepexog B Merpo,
rypHnKer B MeTpo, Merpo,
BbrxoAH3 MeTpo,
sa6op BoKpyr3gaHlre eauefi pa6oru,
BbtBecKayqpexAe{ne.
Irllrenno B ernx Mecrax urr 6ygeM pasMerqarb rrpe.qMe-
rrr. Moncer rron1nrrrrbcarrprrMepno cJreAyrorqee:
1. l-lepeg BaunM no.qbe3goM KTo-To (npunapKoBar,,
Ænpnxadna.
2.Kax ronbKo BH crynunn Ha neuexo.qxulù nepexo,q,
3aropenacb epKaqnaMna, ocBeulalou{aflAopory.
3. Ha aero6ycHofr ocraHoBKenpo,qant s1noxn.
4. KoHgyrcop qro-ro nruer KapaHÆauoMHa BarueM
6nnere.
5. B noAseMHoMnepexoge H.qer rposa.
6. Ha rypHrKere cuAtATyrKa n BHilMarerbHo cne,qhr
3a BCeMnBxorqgt4rMhnloAbMyt.
7.Ha craHllur4 rhMHacrKvlus l-tt4pKaKpyrer o6py,t.
8- Buxog 143Merpo nperpax.qaer MenbHurla, h HIDKHo
npone3aTb Mexgy ee nonacTflMt4.
9. Ha sa6ope chAnr nonyran n Kphqar nfluacrpbt, nh-
aCTpbl,,.

92
MouenmonbHb,e np ueribt 3anoMuHanun. MnenomexHuKa pasaeduuxoe

WpexgeHufl Br4cnr6onuuoù
10. Ha Mecre BbrBecKLr
6eriuù nncroK.

Teuepr, Kor4a Bac rrotrpoc.ffT rroBTopr{TË crrncor cJroB,

BËr MbrcJrenno troBTopaere cnoË tryrb na pa6ory rr rragbr-
BaeTe cnpsTaHrrbre TaM rrpeAMeTËI.

CoaeputeHHoceKperHo:
KPOT - areHTpagBe4,Ku,KaKnpaBnno, gaHnMapunù
earcoxnù nocr Bo BpaxecKnx rocy4apcrBeHH*x nnn
BOeHHHX, pAsBe,4HBaTenbHbtx CTpy'<rypax.

Moxcno uctroJrbaoBarbrarcofi ôos o4rru pasr a Motnuo

r4 MHOrOKpaTrrO, Upe/qBAprlTeJrËHo MbrcJreHrropacq[IcTrrB
ero or rpe,qbr4yrrlero ctrrcra. Coa4anaa Qon Mo)r(Eo rrc-
[oJrËSoBaTbrr oTAenbEyro yn[qy, ecnu BLI xoporuo ee
Br{aere. Haupuu€p, B EaqaJreyn[qËr rroMecrrlrb trepBoe
cJroBo, cJreÀyrcque cJIoBa IIoMeqaTb oKono AoMoB uJrrl
rrapra, Haxo4srrlttxcs na eroË yJrrlqe. Ho agecr ecrË o,qno
ycnoBrre: He rroMerqaËre MaJreuËKrretrpe.qMerbrua Qone
6onrurux, rraupnMêp, MaJrerbrcufirapar4am ua Qone ce-
pofi 4ensrrrararr*cu. Jlyuûre (cAeaafirer rra Kapan4ama
QonapnuË cron6. Moxrso cosAaBatr Qon rr B cBoeËrnap-
Trrpe. Ee roxce MolKEo pag,qennrb Ea rrecrcoJrËxovacreË,
Jroruqecxrr cBagagrrbrx Merrc.qyco6oË. flouunre, rrro Me-
cra pac[oJrorrceurrsnpeAMeroB Ee Aonrcnrr 6rrrr reMnbr-
Mra, Ho r{ He Aonïcrrbr 6srrr spro ocBeqeurrbrMrr. To.rrn
pacuonolrenrls o6pason Aonrrcubr 6arrr Jroruqecrrr cBs-
3aHbr, cneAoBaTbApyr 3a ApyroM B orrpeAeneEEoMtro-
paAKe, a [yTrI oT lTorIKIr) AO cTOrrKriI)Ee AonrKEËIrrepe-
CEKATbCJI.

93
 3n6nuqesa
M.fl.

flpu4yrvrafire cnoù Maprupyr An.flsaroMrruarruffcJroB:

1 ro,{ra -
2 ro.rra -
3 roqra -
4 roqra -
5 roqra -
6 roqra -
7 roqra -
8 roqrca-
9 roqra -
10 ro,{ra -

I\llrrcvrennoupoËAlrre rro srouy Maprrpyry, rpoBepbr€,

Her Jrrr Kaxrrx-Eufygs Barpy4rrenlz;ft. A reuepr pacrroJrotnr4Te
CJIOBaII3.qpyI0rc TeCTaB OTIIX TOTIKaX:
IICIIIXOJIOIIæIeCKOIIO

1. Cauoner
2.9.aûnux
3. 6a6oqra
4.Horu
5. Caeqa
6. Taqra
7. Xypnan
8. Maunna
9. Cron6
10. Spesno

9ro6u rroBTopnrbsanouurraeMbrecJIoBa,npoË4ute
(MbreJrennof rro Mapupyry. TeuepË Bbr HaBepHfiKa He sa-
6yAere rrlr o,quo cJrono lla crrtrcKa.

94
Itlo nexmanbHue npuenN gononuHdnun. ltlnenomau uKapaz eeiuuxod

flaustu nportlBocrot4T yHt4rfroxaou-leù cune

BpeMeHil.
A.C. nnxaqea

MepoùBpeMeHrRanqercenaMRTb.
ERraHcrseHHofi
B. l-xeropvux

Accorlnauiun
Apyruu BaxsbrM rrosarrreM rl oArroBpeMenrroMero,qoM
MrreMoEuK,u,ffBJratoTcaaccoquaqull - MËlcJrerrrrbrecBa3r{
MexAy AByMs o6paaaur.

CoaepweHHoceKperHo:
KPbIWA - opraHnsaunnnnn Wpex4eHne, padoroù
B KoropoùpaeaeAquKnpnKp*Baer cBolopasBeAHBa-
renbHyto(xonrppasBeguBarenanyn) apflTenbHocrb.

AuepnxaHcRRM rrcrrrxoJrrrsrBlrcrou Ax. A. Mro;rnepoM

6una rrpe,qJro)Keualcnaccu$lrxaqrlff accoquaqlrfi, yqnTbr-
Baroulas n Jrorrary, tt ucuxonoruro, r Qu.uocoQnro vr Jttrr-
rBr{cfrirKy oÂrroBpeMeEso.
flo ronrpacry (anrorrarrcrr): uorcprrË - cyxofi, vep-
sarû - 6errrË.
flo cxo4crBy (cuuornurr): 6onr - crpagasne, 6ucr-
po - cTpeMI{TeJIbHo.
flo anyraguro: cos - ToE, rJraa - TaB, BoJra - AoJra,
cyA - rryÀ.

95
 3n6nuueaa
M.n.

flo rcopuro cJroBa: Bbrcora - Bbrcot<lrrit, Aanb - AaJre-

xlrË, Aorrc4b - Aorrc.qnrsbrfi.
9acrr - qenoe: Jrrrqo - Eoc, rreÀeJrs - AeEË.
flo4ururlTeJrbrrble orBerbr: qenoBerc - oreq, Marb; ,rcrr-
Bornoe - co6ara, KoruNa, Mbrrrrrca.
O6o6qarorque: a6loxo, atreJrbctru - Spyrcr; Myxrqu-
HA, )ICeHIqI{Ea - TIeJIOBeK.
,{onoararorque o6cronreJrbcrBa: rrpoÀBrr)fierrre - rra-
Bar{, BrrepeA; 6exarr - 6rrcrpo, MeAJrerruo.
^
urrpeAeJreHrir.fi:KoMHaTa - TeMr{aff, eBeTJras; Myrrc-
rrrrna - cMeJrbIË, rpycnlrnrrË; rreJroBer - go6pnù, xca4-
nrrË.
DroqenrpuqeexueorBerbr (nrvnocrrrbrepeaxquu):
oArlHorrecTBo - BcerAa, HrKorÀa; yc[ex - HeBoSMo]rdHo,
BOSMO,Ic'HO,fi AOJIfiCeH.

ConepweHHoceKperHo:
KyPbEP - nocbrnanatù, orleqapquù sa AocraBKy n
coxpaHHocTbceKpeTHHxAaKyMeHToBU MATepnanOB.

nassrru n o6paBoBaHr{u accoqua4uir fBJrfercg sp-

Kocrb o6paaa. rlem ffpqe o6pasrr, .reu doaËure paaBlrro y
Bac Boodpancerne, TeM Jrerqe coaAaBarb cBffBrr MelrcÂy
Hr.IMr{, pt, cooTBeTcTBeHHo,TeM 6onrrue cJroB Bbr 3a[oM-
Hure. Eror MeroA MneMouurr<v Molrcno cpaBnr4Tb c MyJrb-
Tr{[JrprxaqrronubrM $ulrlrou, B KoropoM MeHsrorcff vr
o6sevr, rr qBer [peÀMeroB, a rax)rce He]KnBbre rrpeÀMerbr
MOryT XOAlrTb r{ pasroBaprrBaTb; To ecTb cosÀaBaeMbre
BaMrr odpaerr Aonxcrrbr ABrdrarbcs. Hawrnofo rrpoqe sa-
rroMHrITb JIaMrIy, y6eraroulyrc or croJra, rreM JraM[y, cro-
firr{yrc Ha cToJre.

96
MaueumanbHHe
npuewbr
3enowuHluun. paseeôuuroe
Mxenomexvuna

CoaepueHHo ceKperHo:
nEfAnbHHn PASBEA4âK - corpyqHnK pasBeqKbr,
rcoropaù HanpaBneH aa py6ex xarcoQnunanunaù
npe4craBurenb caoeù crpaHH, To ecrb padoraer noq
n eran bHHM np uKqHTu eM coTpyAHuKa An nno MaTn.te -
cxoù nnn roproaoù unccnn.

Kpoue roro, accoqrraquu ,qoJrtrcnËr 6rrrr neo6rr.rnrr-

Mlr, HecranAaprnbrMrr,HeBepoffTnbrMrr rr Aaxcea6cypgxsr-
lru. EanaJrbnbreu cn5nrubreaccoquaquu 6ucrpo sa6rrna-
rorca EJrrr BcrroMrruarorcs c rpy4oM. Hanpurvrep, MorKHo
BarroMrrrrarË,rITo ra3 He Irpocro rag, a rag c yruaMn, 6ere-
Mor - aro nJratryrqee Heqro B rraMrrepcax, rpe6yrcqee
c4eJrarËeMy Barrrry B pesrrrroBorrr6accefine u rrJrroxrryBrue-
ecs ry4a c paa6ery, y rro6rrrcac ay6noË uacroË (xoropufi
BaM HaAoHe sa6blrr ryuurr) Bbrpacraror rrolrcnu n rrodpm
uo46eraer K BarrreMyHarraJrbu![Kyc aBHbrMHaMepeureM
pasprrcoBarb eMy MopAarrJKy.

- l4georbre nrcarb, Baule npeBocxo,qhrenb-

crBo, B ropo4 Caparoe,crano 6uru... Ero 6naro-
porqntorocno4Llnytlroey BacnnbnLty...Bacnnuu-
,{y...ano Qanannnu...
A Qaunnua Bor rl sa6un! ...
TaKaqeqe npocraq Qaurnnfl... CnoeHorar 6ur
nouagnHafl...Ko6urnr'rù?Her, He ro6unnin l-lo-
croilre... Xepe6qoB HeuJro:Her, v He Xepe6-
rloB.flonltno,Qaunnns nouJagnHae,a KaKas- Hg
ronoBbreuulil6no.
- Xepe6grHhroa?

4. 3n6nrqeeaM. A.
 M.fl.
3n6nuqeaa

Hnrar ner. flocroùre... Ko6ulnraquH... Ko-

6unsrHuKoB... Ko6enee'..
- ero yx co6aqbq,a He nouaÂnHae.Xepe6-
qrroe?
- Her n He Xepe6rnKoB...flouagw*VtH... flo-
ruaKoB...Xepe6KilH... Bce He ro!..
... llprrrra3qrKBbrluenB ca]qh, norq,Hgar He6y
rfla3a, cran nphnoMhHarbQauunntoaKqil3Horo:
- Xepe6vhroe...'Xepe6roecrilù... Xepe6eH-
Ke... Her He ro...IoutaFluucrcwû... rlouta.qeBnlt...
Xepe6roBhrr...Ko6utnnH cxwû...
... l-lprara3l{ilKa rqenorpe6oaanLB AoM.
ro L
- Ta6ynoe?- cnparur4Banv y Hero. - Konur-
ruu? Xepe6oacrnû?
- HNrar Her, - orBeqar VlaanEecemqm, noru,-
HFBrnasa, npogonxan .qyMarbBcnyx: - KoHeH-
Ko...KoHqenrco... Xepe6eee...Ko6utneB...
- flana! - Kpr,lLrarw vs.qercroÉ. - ïpoûrnn?
YeAeqrmH?
Ha*qyuar,Baure npeBocxoghrenbcreo! -
-
3aKphqanoH parqocrHo... Oacoe!OecoeQanara-
flilg aKqHgHOrO! oeCoe,Ba[!e npeBocxognrenucrao!
A,n, \exoa "J7outa,a,nHafl
Qamunnn"
Xopouro sanoMrrualorcs r{ cMerrruble accoquagun. A6-
pao, Koroprrfi BbIBbIBaer y.nu6rcy, AoJrbrrrecoxpausercs B
IIaM8T]I.
He gnaro, paccMerurlr JII{ Bac raxofi Sarcr: B fiycrbrue
Caxapa uAer cner. Ho ero, geficrnureJlbuo, 6rrno 18 $eu-
parrs 1979 ro4a.

98
 npuew*3onowuHauun.
MouenmanbHile paseeôuuxoa
MueuomexHuKa

CoaeputeHHoceKperHo:
nEfEHgA - BbtMbtuJneHHas duorpaQus, Koropyto co-
TpyÆHuK paSBeAKUBHAaer 3a CBOTO B Uennx KOHCnU-
pauu n. Ilogxpennnercfl , KaKnpaBnno, no,agenbHHMn
nnu qyxu Mn AoKyMeHTaMu.

flpeyaenurrenue urJrur,nao6opor, yMeubrrrenlrenpe4Mera

To)rceffBJrffercrrnprreMoM cosÂaurlff neo6rr.uroË accoqua-
\fitr. Ipe4uer, 6olrrrunit unu MeHbrrrrrË,ueu oH ecrb rra
caMoM .qeJre,BarroMuuaercs HaMHoro JrJrrrue. Bce enaror,
rrro MbrrrrlrlrMeror AoBoJrbHo ne6o.nurue paaMepbr.CoagaË-
re o6paa, B KoropoM rr{rautcraff Mbrrub paaryJrrrBaer rro
JrecyB llorrcKax cbrpa.

CoaepueHHoceKperHo:
finHnfl KP - no4pasp,eneHne euewueù KoHrppaa-
BeÆKu a sapy6exu*x pesu4eHrypaxKfï.
nnHnfl nP - no4pas4eneHuenonuru.tecxoùpasBe,q,-
Kn B pesn4eHrypaxKfE.
nnHUfl X - noqpasAeneHueHawHo-rexHnqecrcoù
pasBe4KuB pesu4eHrypaxKf6.

IrIraH, accoquaquu AoJr)KHbr6srtr:

) aprue, rlBerubre;
F gnuxyquecff;
) neodrrrrgbre,HecraxAaprr{bre,HeBeposrgbre,a6cyp4-
HbIE;

D cueruurre;
) cnlrnrxovr do.rrrurrreurtr cJrvrrrrxoM
MaJrerlbKrre.

99
 M.fi.
3n6nuueea

CoaepweHHo ceKperHo:
HABOALIUK- nnuo, yKas*Bapu4eecorpy4HnKypa3-
BeAKuHa qeno*eKa, Koropaù uoxer 6aru noreHun'
anbHbtMareHToM. flocne sToro npoBoAurce onepa-
TuBHaflpaapadorxa.

Tarnu o6pasou, KalrcÀoe nocJregyroqee cJIoBo cBsabr-

Baercff c rrpeAbrAYrrluM, Lr B rrTore AoJrrrceHrroJlrrrrrbcs
paccxaa , v:Jrvrqefior{Ka accoqlla\uft, uB Bcex cJIoB, BxoAfl-
rr1rrx B crrlrcox. floupodyeM cosAarb raxoft paccxaa ro yxce
SHaKOMOMyHaM CrrHCKyCJIOB:
.0,rapraxa6nu
r|auna
916noro
Kapangaut
I-poaa
Yrra
06PY't
Menunuqa
l-lonyrafr
r|rcror

yBe-
flo scnoMy roJly6omyNe6yrJlbrBerArrpuxca6.nr,
ruannrrË JIaMnaMu.Ognaxo BMecro aJlexTplrqecxux JIaMI
B rrux Brpyqeurr s6noxlr. Kanlrrarr Brlgrrr orpoMuyrc Maq-
Ty-Kaparrgaru,K noropoir *t [prrrrBaproBblBaer csoË xo'
pa6.rrr. B aro BpeMff rraqunaercs rpoaa, MoJrrrlrffy4apffer
B Ârrpurrta6nr vr erg Hero BblJleraer yrxa. Vrxa Jlerlltr K
ÀoMV, HA Kpblrue KoToporo B KarrecTBearrrerrrrbl ycra-
HoBJreHo6pyu. O6pyq Ha ÀoMe pacxarrfiBaercs or Berpa,
rcoroprrù coaÀaror Bparqarouluecfi Jronacrrr MeJrbnpïrlbr.

100
MouexmanbHil e npuevu sanofl,uH0uun, Mueuomex+uKqpaæedvuxoe

B carvroËMenËHuqe trotryraË yrnr MeJrËHlrKatre.rb xne6,

pacxalKrrBarrno orpoMHoMy JrucTKy c peqerrToM,trpocllt-
parouleMycff rrepeSBecb rroJr.

CoeepueHHoceKperHo:
HAXWBKA(pyccxnù repmnn) - xeHt4nHa-areHr,Ka-
Topansageùcreyercn rnaBHuModpasomB onepaunu
olToennHaxnB+an,Q,ne
nonweHnsnHTepecyoryeùnu-
Qopma4un or eepdyeuoro, cosq,aHneycnoauù gna
ero uaHTaxa nnn KoMnpoMeTaunn.

floupo6yfire caMu cocraBlrrb paccraa- ( MynbrQu.rrru r

rr3 cJreAyroulerocuucKa cJroB:
Cauroner
9aùnnr
Sa6oqra
Horr
Ceeqa
Taqra
Xypnan
Maunna
Cron6
Spesno

C uorvroulbroMero,qaaccoqraquË MotrcnoBarroMuuarb
lr cLIMBo.nu.Haup[Mep, .Iro6bl garloMrlnrb xuMrl.Iecnlaft
srrar BoJrora (Au), MorKHo rrocrpor{rb cJre4yroqyp acco-
quaqrlro: SoJroToMHorue ErrIVT, Kor,qa IITO-TOlrrqyT, To
Kprrqar oAyo - oro u ecrË xrrMr,lqecxufi BEaK BoJrora,
Harrucannrrft JrarrrncrcrrMr{dyrcnannu.

101
 3n6nuqeea
M.fl.

CoaepueHHo ceKperHo:
HEnEfNl - corpy4HnK coBercxoù paaBe4Kn, Haxo-
gnqnùcfl Ha oneparnBuoù padore sa pydexou n BH-
Aapquù ce6s sa rpax<AaHnHacrpaHbt npe1anauun
nu6o sa nHocrpaHua (ronurcoHe coBercryoro). Ocuoa-
nan padora Henerana - eepdoBKa areHroB, nMep-
LuuxAocryn K ceKperHoù unQopMauun.

3aqem ganoMuHarb cnncKu cnog?

,{na rrJurrocrpaqnu rrp]IMeHeH?IffocHoBHbIx rrpueMoB MHe-

Mourrxrr - accoqvar\urfi n Sona, MËr uc[oJlbooBarrrr crrrrcru
He cBrraanubrx Me)rc4y co6où cJIoB. Tarcpre Ece curIcxln cJIoB
IIpIIMeII.flrcTCfl lI B rICI/txOJIOruuAJIff OIIpeAeJIeHI4ff]4)oBHs IIa-
Msrlr. A xax gru Mero4br fiprrMeH.arb s o6rrtruofi xugnu?
Sarrouranaurre crrucra cJroBpaALI paaBreqenr[ff ApyaeË, sano-
Mr{Harlue cllrlcKa IIoK]moK, BeJII{KoJIe[HbIe lloKaSarelru ficvr-
xoJrorfflrecxoro recrlrpoBarrtrfl rrpu rrpfieMe Ha pa6ory - otle-
Br{,qubre rrprfMepËr ucfioJrbgoBanrr.a ororo MeroAa. Ho ecnu
coeArrnrrrb rrprreMu Qoua rr accoquar\ertt c nprreMoM BbrAeJre-
Huff KJIIoqeBbrx cJroB Tencra, ro odracrb lrpfiMeuenug grrrx
MeroAoB crarroBllrcs 6egrpaufiqnofi. Banou?Inaa qerrorrxy
KJIrcqeBbIX CJIOBAOKJIaÂa nJIU BbICTImJIeHLIfi, MOTICHO <,6e4
Koucrrexlar Bbrcrynarb [epe.q "rrro6oft ayArrropueit u 6rrrr
qprlr gToM yBeperrHbrM, rrTo Hrlrclero ne sa6y4errrb. SanonnlrHas
qenorrxy KrloqeBbrx cJroB uayuuoË crarbu TIJITIKHIltrrI, MorK-
HO AeraJrËHOCCËrJrarËCfiIrA JrOrUKy paccyrKÀeHr[fi aBTOpa BO
BpeMfi Hafruoro cuopa. flpoana;rnanpyftre cBolo npo$eccu-
oHarrbHyK) AegrenËHocrb, rr Bbr HaBepHgKa yBrrArrTe, rrT0 Me-
TOAbI MII€MOHIIKIIIMOTI{HOyCIIêIIIHO rIpIIMeHflrË rA n neË.

102
 npuewu3anowuH0uun.
MoneumanbHHe pazeeèvuxoe
MuenomexHuKo

CoaeputeHHoceKperHo:
HEnEfAnbHAg PESWAEHWPA - rpynna areHroB,
noq.tuHetot4uxcn HeneranbHoMypesuqeHry u SaHn-
Marctuuxc n c6 opo u p asBeAbtBarenuuoù uu Qop u a4n u .

Pagyra, qncno nn u .qpyrre

Cyqecrsyror r.r rarrre nprleMbr BarroMrrnaulrff, Koro-
pbrMr4rreJloBexnoJrbSyeTcJr, He lloAo3peBaa,qTo aTu rlpn-
eMbr sBJrffrorcff MueMorrllqecrcrlttz. Tax, Arff BarroMrrua-
rrrrff [ocneAoBaTeJrbHocTrr qBeToBB crreftTpe [c[oJrbsyeT-
cs rrpueM rrocrpoenrrs cMbrcJroBrrx@pao r4B HaqaJrbnbrx
6yrcn BaroMrruaelroft unQoplvraqrru: <Kaxc4rrË oxornurc
)rceJraersuarË, rge cr.rAlrr Qaaau>. ffepnrre 6yxnËr cJroB,
Bxo,qfirrlrrx B ary Qpaay, coBrraAarorc repBbruu dyxnaMfi
IIBeroB c[exTpa: KpacuËrË, opanlrcentrfi, xcenrrrË, BeJre-
HrrË, rony6oË, ctrnvrir, Suo.nerosbrË. I{nera pa4yru Morrc-
Ho BarroMurrrb rr rro cJreAyroqefi Spaee: <Kar oÂHarrcrqËr
lltaH-ssoxapb ropo4cxoË cnowraaQonapbD.

CoaeputeHHoceKperHo:
HTP - HaryHo-rexHuqecKanpasBe4Ka. IloApaeaene-
nnn padorarcr no Aodu*aHnp sapydexn*x HaWHo-
rexHnqecKux paspadoroK n Aocrnxeun ù.

Eror qprreM cocraBJreuuaSpas Mornrro ucrrqrrÉsoBarbAJrff

BarroMrrnarrr4a
rr Apyrax [ocJreAoBareJrbrrogreË.
Tanc,rrocJrego-
BAîEJIËHOCTb IUIAHSI CONTTE'TTTOË CUCIEMbI MO)ITHO IIâ3bIBâTb'
sarroMnrrB cJregyrorq)ryo ôpaay: <Marrra BeHrrKoM BeMJrroMeJra,

103
 3n6nuqeea
M.tl.

IOpa cuÀeJly Hopbr nayxa>. He aa6y4rre, rrro s eroË Qpaae

(yr - orro rorrce cJroBo.I,Irarc: MepxypnË, Benepa, Serrta,
Mapc, IOnurep, Car5pn, Vpan, Henryn, flrrpon.

CoaepueHHoceKperHo:
O1EPATUBHAflnfPA - nepe4aqacorpy4HuKoM pas-
BenKu,xoropaù Ba4aer ce6s ga BpaxecKoroareHTa,
noxuoù unQopuaunnBparyu nonryeHneB orBer ro.t-
HHxcBe4eunù.

Tarczu Ececuoco6onaMorrcsoBbrlqs'1'" rropsAorcctrcre-

Marurlecxl{x KareropuË B gooJroruu: qapcrBo, Ttrrr, KJracc,
orpag, ceueËcrBo, po4, BrrA. Àas groro Hylrcno BarroM-
Hrrrb cJre,qyrcqyroQpaay: (Uapcxwit repeM KTo orxpoer,
cpasy pbrrlapeMBeprrercaù.

ceKperHo:
CoeepweHHo
Ofn qECKAnPAsB4l<A - npe,q,nona
nAPAnCUXOfi -
raeuaù Bu,q,pagBe,çAeflTenbHocrn,B xo4e xoropoù
ucnon bgyprcn neo6u qn He Mero,qat (excrpace Hcop -
HHe Bocnpusrun, ycnyrn Me4nyMoa). Oror Meroq aK-
TnBHOpaSpA6aTHBanàn Paeae4uBaTenb;HbtM ynpaB-
neHneM MuHucrepcrBa odoponu CWA (PyMO). flpea-
craBurenu PYMO WBepxqann (cengerenbcrBo <9u-
tluKnone4uu unnoHaxarr), .tro B AeBsrHaAUaru cny-
qagx u c n on b3oBaHu e Ks c Ho BuAflt4HXn Aano KoHKpeT-
HHe pegynbraril. Saxasat Ha Knapanc uxonoruqec Ky,o
pa}Be,Qt<fn
rtocrynann raKxe ne QPY n AHE, O6ae4n-
HeHHoroKoMnrera HaqanbHuKolwta6oe, Cexpernoù
cnyx6at, TauoxeuHoro 6rcpo, Eeperoeoù oxpauat,
Arenrcraa no 6opu6e c HapKornKaMn.

104
 npuewu3anoMuHanun.
U9ryeryqnbHue MuenomexHuKa
paseeôuuxoe

9ro6sr BarroMnrrrb rr[cJro nu - orrroureurre AJrtrrrbr oK-

pyrKrrocTr{ K ee ,4rraMeTpy - ,qo AecffToro-oArrHHa,qrlaToro
srrÉrra [ocJre sansmfi, Hyrrcuo Bbryqsls cJregyroqyro Spaay:
<3ro ff guaro r rroMuro rrpexpacmo, nu, Muorr{e Br{aK MHe
Jrufrrlf,tt HarrpacHo,r. rrucno 6yrcn B KærcÀoM cJroBe - 9TO
Buarrerrrre coorBercrByrouleË uo uopagry quôpbr, Harru-
rraff c qrcra e4rrnrrq. flonyuaeres 3,t4159265358.

ycnoBrnx naMFThecrb y.te-

Y.rexue o KopeHHbtx
Hhe o cufle, cnnaqHBalou{efi,cKnenBaoqeù Bcq-
Koe npe4btgyqee co BcflKhM nocneÂyCIu44ru.Ta-
KhM o6pagoM, .qenrenbHocTbnaMsrr4 oxBarbtBaer
co6ofi Bce nchxuqecKue npolleccbt.
U.M. Ceqeuoa

CoeepweHHo ceKperHo:
nnAA u Kh'IHX(AII- ApeBHnearpn6yrat pasBeqqnKa
n rilnnoHa. flnat4, qro6u nM yKp*Barbcfl, KnHxan -
qro6w nM sauntuarbcfl, yduaara Hana4arculux Bpa-
roa. HeoQw4nanaHo repMuH ncnonbsyercn gna o6o-
SHaleHnn wnuoHcKoro peMecna - Kpbruapn nnaua u
KHH)Kâllâtt.

Pnrunsaqns n pnQMoBaHne

t{ro nauflTb- t(oMnac?

Vlnn crapurftcnafig?
flno.qoHocnqrafiunn Mepreuft ca+?

105
 3n6nuqeea
M.tl.

Oqar c gonoù nnu Qarer, LtrogaxxeH

Ha cesen noKonenuûn apeueH?
H. l-pndauea

Prarùrusaqvrfi. - [epeBo,q unQopuaqvlvr B crprxu' rreceu-

Krr, B crportl, cBgaarruËIe o[peÀeJIeHHbrM prITMoM unu puQ-
moË. SapuSrrosarrurrft yue6HuË MarepuaJl Jr]^rrue sarroMll-
Haercfl. Mox*ro flprrBecru rrplIMep rI3 rrrxoJlruofi rrpaxTrrxr{:
He qyÀecuo, He [pexpacuo,
A yncacno fi onacHo
Eyxny T nracatb Hanpacuo.
Bceu uoBecruo, KaK [peJrecruo
Eyrny T uucarb yMecruo.

Sanouunanue qncen
rIr.rclra ulparor orpoMr{yro poJlb B,nrIBHrr rleJroBera. Hyxcuo
rroMurrrb HoMepa teneQonon, PIN-KoAII, Àarbr pox4enuË ra
Maccy Apyrsx quceJl. Hau6o.uee npocrofi cnoco6 - 9ro ilpe-
o6paaonarb rrucJlo n o6paa, a BareM cocraBrlTb rlenoqny o6pa-
BoB-KapruHoK, TotIHo rax )rce KaK n AJIff cJIoB. C noclegnefi
ofiepaqreft vmr y)Ke BHaKoMbI(cvr. u. <.Accoqzaquu>). Octa-
Jrocb rrpuÀyMart o6paau AJIa Karrcgoù quSprt.
Hanpruep:
0 - KoJIeco, Mffrr' aP6ya
1 - cro.n6, Kapau.qa[I, cBerla
2 -.ne6egr, yrra, rycb
3 - cepAIIe ,
4 - fixra, croJr
5 - Kpron, 6apa6an c rape;rxoË

106
MoueumanbHu e npuevil 3anoMuHauun. MueuomexHuKapaæeôuuxoe

6 - Jronara, pydra
7 - yrec, 6yuepaur, S.rrar rra Beprûuue ropbr
8 - cneroBur, trecoquble rracËI
I - tuap Ha [aJrorrre, Jry[a

CoaepweHHo ceKperHo:
nOnnfPAA - ycrpoùcrao ("geretçop fixerr,,),c noMo-
t4bto Koroporo onpe4ennercçt cTeneHb ucKpeHHocTu
nHrep Bbpn pye Moro, Aonpau uBaeMoro. B CWA n nrJa,
npnBneKaeMbeK corpynHuqecrBy c QPY,npoxo4sr no-
cron HHytonpoaep t<yc n cnonbsoBaHn eM [1onnrpafua".
"

Brr6eplrre o6paaËr rrg cnlrcxa vrnrrrrtpur4yrvraËrecBorir

o6paarr v cgenaitre cxeMarrrrrgËrep[cyrrxrr grrrx o6paeon:

0 1

? 3

4 5

6 7

I I

107
 M.fl.
3n6nutteea

CoaepueHHoceKperHo:
nOnnTnLlECKAfl PASBE4KA - pasgeqKa, Koropag
BeAercn c 4enbrc c6opa wuQopmauuu o anyrpeuueù
cnryauuu rocyAapcrBa npornBHuKa. l4nQopua4hfl,
KaKnpaBnno, ucnonbsyeTcfl ucKnpquTenbHoc BHro-
Aoù ,a,nscaoeù crpaHH.

Sanomvrnanue nnq vt nMeH

Sanowrranaur4eJIrIq u rIMeH Tax)rie qacro corlpsrxeno
c rpyArrocrlrMrI. Oco6enno rffrrceJlo cBaablBarb rIMeHa u
Salrnnrvr. c Jrtr\aul1t. Cyqecruyer HecKoJIbKo rro4xo4oB
r oroË upo6neue BarroMuxaurr.fi. flepnsru rrraroM K yc-
[errrnoMy garroMlruarrllrc rrMeHrI ra Qauranr{rr HoBoro ana-
KoMoro 6yger npocroe roBTopeurle. florropure rrMs npu
gHaKoMcTBe, no BoBMOIKIIocTIIo6naengfiTecb BIIB?ITKaMII,
naarrsafiTe HoBoro gnaroMoro rro uMeHrI B Teqeuue 6ece-
AH, noBTopure rIMa rlpoqagcb. Paasusafite na6JIIoAa-
TeJlbrrocrb. BnunrareJlbuo, Ho AeJIrlKarHo paccMorpr{Te
Jrrrqo codecegnvrna, uoyqn*a qeprbr ero Jrrrqa, Bbl4eJrure
(oco6bre rrpuMerbl>. Cssficldre rIMs groro rIeJIoBeKa c ero
o6pasou.
HaËÀure napaJIJIeJILIMelKAy ero $avrullteir u ero o6-
JrrrKoM, [prrBbrrrKaMr4.

CoaepueHHo ceKperHo:
C1EUHA3 (ad6peBuarypa or nonHoro HasBauua) -
qacrn c neun anbHoro Hag*aqeunn (enur Hbte c n euaoù -
cxa). Beqyr 6oeayn pasBe4Ky n B*nonHflnr cneuu-
anbHile BoeHHHeMUCCUU KaKB MnpHOeBpeMrt,TAKU

108
 'l
l.
I

I d',

B ycnoBnnx aoùnw. 6oùUoa cnegHasa

roToBflT, KaK
npaBnno, A,ttf,npoBe4eHnn ocoflux raùuatx
onepa4uù
(cxpatran pasBeÆKa,ca6otax,
AnBepcun B THny npo_
TnBHnKa,nnKBn4a4un u r. A.).

gfigernqecKae naMsTb

He*oropbrê flsrop'r ''o,,ynsprrbrx Mero*rr*

Tpe']rpoB-
Klr ''aM*ru ''peÀnararor r{ MeroA Tpe*,nposxn
afiAeruqe_
croË ''aMATU' gror Mero,q
AOBOJrbrro upocr. HyxRo uo-
cMorpeTb rra trpeAMer' Ba*pËrrb ryra'a
r{ ,,otrbrrarbca ero
l*i TOq',o BoctrporSBecTrr. 06rr.r'Io percoMeE.qyercs
SAtrOMrlr-
rrarb rpu xaparcreprrbrx trprra'arca
trpe.qMera nn BcrroMrr-
IIAI' ITMEIIEO NX. rIOCTENEIIEO
KOJIIIqECTBO TAKI{X UPN.
\ slrarcoB yBentr9rrBaercff, r{ B rcoHeqEoM
rrrore garroMrrrra_
ercs Becb o6pae trpeAMeTaB qeno*.
To ecrË sAtrOMrr'a'lre
odpaea rrporcxo'qltT Tarc ECe' KAK
[r y nrorqeË, odnagaro-
è qux aËAerra.recxoËrraMarbro.
t

1: CoaepweHHoceKperHo:
TAKQn qECKAgtpAgBFAt<A_ BuA, pasBep*eeren -
r1 bHo
cTn, KOTOpag BeAeTCgC uenbp nonweHnf,AAHHbtx
T npoTUBHUKe B XOA?nnaHnpoBaH4n unn npoBe*eHUn
o
'\ TaKTuqecxux âoea*x onepa4uù na ypoBHe no4pas-
.\
geneunù, coe4uHennù. Tatcrnq
It qaer aa c6op cBeAeHuù
ecxan pas*e$KaoTBe _
,\
i o cnnax n cpe4cT*a.;(npo_
,"t TUBHUKA,ero BogMoxHocTgX, 6nuxaù u nx HaMepeHn-
"i\ f,x, a TaKxe AaHHHx o6 oûctaHoBKe
Ha KoHKpeTHoM
:" WacrKe 6oeauxgeùcranù.
I
109
\
:-
 3n6nuqeaa
M.fl.

MxeuroHnKan Aeru
Koge.rrro, Bee otl,ncarr*bre
flpneMbr Ba,loMrrHaHLTg rrpu-
BEÀEEbI ÀJIfi BSPOCJIOTOIII4TATEJIfi, KOTOPTTË AHACT, IITO
II
SaqeM or{ xoqer SaloMHrrrb. A uoxno JII{ pa3B}rBarb IIa_
IrsrË y pe6enxa? KoneqHo! flannsrr y gereË Jrerqe Bcero
pasBuBarË Bo BpeMff Urpbr. rcuxonoru [peÀJrararor
He-
cKoJrbKo TaKI{X rrp. !

CoeeputeHHoceKperHo:
çlP - e4epHas pasBeqKa. OAuu us BuAoBpasBeAKU.
3auwuaercn c1opoM u aHannsou uueopMarJuu no
pa4nauuu n ApyrnM npn3HaKaM,yKasHBapuJuMHa
ncroqHuKn pa,qnoaKTnBHOrO nsnweHnn. SaceKaeTcft
TaKXen dera-nsnyueHne, ncnycKaeMoes4epHbtM BO-
opweHueM.

Vlrpa cKyrnoeo;11
Bapocnrùr - (nyKJroBoA< BaBffBbrBaerrJra'a pedenry
vr <BoAurTù ero, KaK KyKJry, IIo HecJro]r(HoMy MapupvTy,
Aepxca 3a [re!rr4, B [oJrrroM Morrra:f.uru 3-4 urara BrrepeÀ,
ocraHoBKa' IIOBOpOTnanparo, 2 ruara Ha3aA, IIOBOpOT
HaJreBo' 5-6 uaroB BrrepeA rr r. 4. Sareu pedeHxy paaira-
SbIBaIOT rJraSa r4 rrpocfiT caMocroflTeJrbno IIaËTI{ ucxo.q-
Hyro rorrKy Maplllpyra ur upoËrz ero or HaqaJra
Ào KoHrIa,
BCIIOMI{IIAg CBOIT IqBII'ICCHIIA.,(NUXCHII.fl IIOCTCIICHHO MO'IC.
IIo ycnox{H.fi Tb' yBerllquBarb rIpoAoJI]rc]ITeJIbHocrb Mapn-
pyra. Moxtuo BKrroqarb u pffA rrecJrorr(Hrrx
snaxyJrbryp-
Ebrx ytrpalKrrenraË: HaKJrOHr4Tb<KyrcJry>, corHyrb pyKtr,
SacraBrrrb trpllcecrb, cAeJrarb rroJrrlbrft ooopor rrepes JreBOe

't
10
UpySlAlabHHe npueMu 3anoMuHauun. MuenomexHuKapaæeôuuxoe

[Jrerro rr r. A. flounuo rraMsrn, s groË nrpe Mo]KHopaa-

BrrBarÉra noo6pa*cerrre pe6errca. ,{ocraroqno [pocro rro-
Merrsrbcr c pe6eHKoMpoJrffMrr.flycrr B poJrrr (KyKJroBo-
4ar 6y4er pe6enon, H rrycrb orr caM [prrAyMbrBaer Mapu-
pyr Ans nac. Btrr ,rce,qrodbr [poBeprrrb, KaK xopouro (KfK.
JroBoÂ' sarroMrruJrrrp]rgpannrrË uM MaprupyT, crreqn-
aJrbrroAenafire onru6rcraB Maprupyre.

CoaepueHHo ceKperHo:
PaguopasBe4Ka HaLranacBoù BeKc nso1pereHueM
palquonepeÆarqnKa llonoaa n MaprcoHn B l BgT r.
Bnepaue pa4nopasBe4Ka u pa4nonepexBar Gamn
npnMeHeHHB foccrco-anoHcKoù BoùHe.Kcrarn, uMeH-
Ho ngaa roro, qro a4,MupanPoxcAecTBeHcKuù ceoe-
BpeMeHHoHe paspewnn coa4arb noMexn B ofunpe
enoHcKoro narpynbHoro xopa6nn, ero scKa4pa 6Atna
yHnqToxeHa.

Vlrpa rrGgenafi, rar np:

BogrMvre ruecrb crrr{rrer u BbrJroxcnre[porrggoJrbnyro
KoMIIoalr4Elo' SaTeMIIa o,qHy-ABeceKyHAbI IIoKa]IcuTeee
pe6enrcy. Ou rrg cBofix crrlrrrer AoJr]KeHBbrJrorxrlrbroqno
TaKyro }Ite surypy rlo rraMffTlr. flpn yclleruHoM Bbr[OJrHe-
IJ.nvr Ba,4aHritff KoJrr{lrecTBo cIIr4qeK rrocTerreHHo yBeJrrltrlrlt-
Baerca rc 12-15. B aroË urpe rarrrce MorrcnotroMeusrbcs
c pe6enxoM poJrgur.r.flpe,qJroïcrrreeMy BbrJroxcnrbKoMrro-
srrrluro, c,qeaafire B cBoeft xouuo3llqru ouu6ry. gror
IIPUEM IIOSBOJI'ICTPASBI{BATËr NOO6PA)KEH?IE,
rI BIIIIMA.
nrae pe6eHKa - KArrecrBa, Heooxograurre B TOM trrlcJre !r
.qJrff paSBuTLrS.IIaM,ITII.

111
 M.fl.
3n6nuueea

Bnnuanue - cocpe4oroqeHHocrbqenoBeKa
B A a H n u f i M o M e H TB p e M e H nH a K a K o M ' n u 6 o
o6uerre: npeAMere,co6urrn, o6pase' paccyx-
AeHUnn r.A.
Boo6paxeHne - ncuxuqecruftnpoqecc, Ko-
roputù Moxer BblpaxarbcnB nocrpoeHruo6pasa
npe.qMeTa vlnncoSAaHnhnporpaMMblnoBeAeHne'
MuuneHne - npoqeccno3HaBarerlbHoù Aes-
TenbHocTt4qefioBeKa'KoTopa'lXapaKTepil3yeTcg
o6o6uleHueMv onocpegoBaHHblM orpaxeHneM
AeÉcrenrefibHocru.

- IIpocTo paccKa-
Ecnn )rce Barun AeTr[ rrrKoJrbEIIKII
tfilITe EM O [pueMax SanoMIIIIArIVIfi., KOTOpËIe SHAeTe CaMII'

flpnAyuafire BMeCTe MaprupyT vtIIvI qefiorlKy accoqnaqufi.

flOralgte, KaK 9TII IIpueMbI [puMeHIIMbI K SHaHlI.sM'

nOJryqaeMbIM B IIIKoJIe. MorxsO [pI4BecTtI npIIMepbI I13 OrOË

Knrrru, a nyque - Ilp]rAyMarb caMuM.

CoaepweHHo ceKqerHo:
Haqano npo M*wneHHaro u unoHaxaAarnpyercn KoH'
-
uau Wtt Haqanom )Ulll a. Taùua,noKpHBaBwae npo-
usBo4crBoQapùopa a Kwrae,o6eperanacbc Haqana
tV e. Boùna3a nonweHnesroro ceKperaBenacbHe'
oAHocronerue. On nponsgo4nncnB SaKpbtroM ropo-
,qeKuur-To-Lleu,t<y4aAocrynnHoseMuaM 6an eaxpan'
Hacenenneropo4a npuânnxutocb K 1 uunnnoHyxu-
reneù. eror ropo4, Hao4nBunùcs B npoBnHunnKu-
aHrcn, TularenbHooxpaHnncnnonnueùcKuMnP,HSM
112
 npuevH30nowuHauun.
MoneumonbHile pasaeàuuxoa
MueuomexHuKa

u Ho.ibto.Llepeuu eeponeùUêM,xoropaù e 1712 r.

yKpanceKpernsroroBneHusQapQopa,6an Qpanup-
crcnùnacropg'Aurpexona.

?Irarc, c noMorrlrro aroË rJraBbr Bbr Jrerro ofipegeJrrrre,

KAKUe rrpueMÉr SarroMrrrraHlrsBaM rrpeÂJrararor B ,qpyfux
KHlIrax. Bce geno B ToM, rITo trpueMbr arrr crapbl, KaK Ma-
MOHTbI, HO, MeH8fi UX HaIIOJIHêHIIê' IitX BbIAAK)T 3A HOBO€,

To ecrb Ba xoporuo aa6uroe crapoe. A caMoe ryraBnoe -

aro cyrb. Cyrs u 6u.ua HarroJrrrexueMaroË rJraaËr.
Jho4n 6ygyr .nrc6urr Bac u ynrrdarrcs rprl Bcrperre,
roroMy qro BËr 6y4ere 6ea oco6oro rpy,qa BcrrourrrrarË,
KaK Koro goByr. A Ars rleJroBexarrer rrperpaeuee BByKa,
IIEM SBYK ETO IIMEHI/I.

Bce, rrro BaM ocraerca c,qeJrarb,rraltrrrrBruucËpaBBH-

Barb naMffTb, oro paaBurb vt aoo6paxcenrre,qJrfiToro, rrro-
6rr Hafiru upriMeuenue paBBfiTofi uaursrn.
Teneps Bbr Molnere rroaadorrrrca se roJrbxo o csoeft
IIaMfiTII, IIO I/t O IIAMfiTII BAIIIUX AeTOK.

t
 NPffiOXEH14E
NOflESHOE
(gnqpasB,tnte ll naMerll)
Bo06paxeHns

9ry uaByMorKHo ctrrlTarb [paKTrItIecKpIM Marepua-

JroM, Ha KOTOpOMBbI MOIICeTeTpeHupoBaTbcs B paSBIlTtlI4
CBOCU IIAMffTII.

I,I Àuarurocrrara, v reoprlff upofigeuu. ,{elo - 3a rlpax-

tU1çOfi, KOTOpAff,ICaK LISBSCTHO, peByJIbTa-
AaeT Jlyrrl111ue
Tbr, ecJIrI JrBJIffercJrrrocrognuoû.

CoeepueHHoceKqerHo:
[1ep aan p asBzAHBarenbHaa cnpr6a aMep nKaH4eB n o'
slunacb e 1777r., B paarap Boùuat3a HegaBncuMocrb.
l-enepan BawnunoH Ha cBon cpe4,crBa opraHn3oBan
orAen apueùcxoù pasaegKn,Koropaù coe4an pasBer-
BneHHW areHrypHyto cerb B THnynpornBHnrca.Ta,rl,<e
ucnonbSoBallnàbn ocBe4oMuTenurc cpe4H MecTHbtx
xnreneù, Koropbte cHrpann BaxHytoponb e no6e,ne.

Ilonpo6yÉre sanoMHglrb:
Eurgaer JIII BaM HSJIOBKO OT HSOTKUAaHHO sOggu6111eft
Bo BpeMs odIqeuus nayabr, Kor,4a BpoAe 6u Ha4o o rreM'To
floroBopllTb, a B roJIoBy He [pI4xoAI{T HPI OAHa tl4es F,ttg.
rroÂAeprxaurrffpaaroropa?

114
 npueuHganonuuauun.
MoueHmanuu*e pagaedquxoa
Mueuomexuuxa

CoaepweHHo ceKperHo:
t Beneunn cqnraerce poq,nHoù u rocy4apcraeuuoù
I AunnoMarnn, n raùuonncu. l4ueuHo raM a W e. Bnep-
aarc 6unn ucnonbsoBaHH n pagpadaramanncb pag'
I nuqH*e utnQpu AItn Ko4npoBaHnncoodqenuù.
\

Cyrqecrayer Mrregr{e' rrro, KorAa JrroAffM He o rreM rro-

: rOBOpLtTb, OHI4 CHarIaJIa Ha!II4HaIOT TOBOpIITb O IIOIOAe'
rroroM o ÀoMaruHrrx ïcuBorHblx.
Ho 6y4rre Herrpe4craayeMee, opygrlpoBanuee. llrefi-
Te rrpo garrac HecxoJlbxo QaxroB, paccKaaaB o Koropblx'
Bbr, BoSMolrcno, cTauere ocnoBorroJro]rcurIxoM r,rntepecnoË
ArrcKyccvffi ,rirvr pasroBopa.
Bauounrarb rarrre Sarrrr-urcropvrur Jrerro c fioMorrlbro
[prrBeAennbrx s arofi rcurlre rrprleMoB BanoMrlnarrrrg. A ecnu
Bbr He SHaere, qTo uMeHHo MorrtHo 3alloMrlHarb, HeKoro-
pbre llpnMepbr IIp]IBeAeHbr HpIEce.

CoeeputeHHoceKperHo:
BnepaateAocraroqHo cepbesHopgBeAKa 6una ncnonb-
soBaHa a Ernnre. Ilocxonatry Bce rocy4apcr*a, B ToM
qucne Ernner, 6atnu BoeHHo-TeoKparnqecKnMncrpyK-
uPâMn, TOpaSBeAHBarenbHae AeqTenbHocrbB Hux raK-
xe Hoc nna xapa ffe p BoeHHo -nonnr n qecKoù paeee4xn .
Haquuan c enoxn Qapaona Hycepra I (ox. 1950 r.
go u.e.), ncnonæto*anacbpagBnran cucreMa oc*e4o-
Mnreneù, Koropbrc npeqynpex(ÆanuQapaona o roro-
BflTJUXCçt MgTeXaX.

115
 3n6nuqeaa
M.tl.

Virax, pasBrrBarb rraMsrb Morrcnonu6o gna pa6orbr,

nu6o AJrs nurrubrx qe.rrefi, Ha[prrMep, uro6rr yÀrrBrirrb Apy-
]
sefi, uopasfiTb cBotrMrr SHaHnffMlr, ragde,Icarb HeJroBKrrx
I
raya n odrqenuu. flooroMy nonpo6yfire aanoMgrrrb cJre- t
,qyroqee (sgpyr upuro.qurca) c noMorrlbro raxoro [prreMa
BanoMrrnarrrira, xoroprufi saM 6oree ygo6en:

o
B DQuounu )rcenulr{HaMB qa,qpesarrperqexo trpbrrarb
rro yJrlrqaM Ha ognoË Horrcxe.

o
B Cnnrauype BarrperqexoxoÂrirrb roJrËrMtro ÂoMy -
aro pacqexr{Baercfl KaK rrop'HorpaQua.

o
B Taunan4e Barrpeuleuo BbrxoÀETbHs ÂoMa, ecrn sa
Bac Her Hrrx(Hero 6enrg.

o
Boe6ygnreJrgus a-rneprna y Jove rngrrx ,r(EBorEbrx
Moryr 6rrrrEe roJIbKo trbrJrb, oarroga.e xElrEs E EeKOTO-
pble SaIIaxn, Eo lr qeIoBeK, c Koflgprrr SBepb BhrE]')r(.f,e8
AenrrTb KpoB.

o
Tonrrco oÂtrrr rrg KalKrqbrxÂBafinaru ,rerr€Ëpozuaercs
B AeHb, rrpe4cxasbrBaeMbrË Aoxropou.

@
Cauoe pacrpocrpauennoe HMs B MEpe - M1=.a-we -.

116
 npuevil3anoMuHouua.
MoueumanbHue pazaeôwxoe
MxenomexHuKo

o
Asyx cue)rcrruor c a6coJrK)THo oAr{HaxonoË rcpucraJr-
Jrrrqecrofi crpyxrypoË He cyqecrByer.

o
Cauufi nepnrrË TeJreBrrauoHsrrfirporrroa rroro4br 6rrn
noKaBaHs Aurar,ru 11 nos6pa 1936 ro4a.

o
IturaËcxas noogrrJrHaMHororouËrue rarny6lrce .Erron-
cxoË.

@
@peË4a BoByr Surrrryng

o
,(ocroencxnË, Tapxoncxuitu Ko6o A6a - aM6nsaren-
THbr n uoaraQonrlrlubl.

o
B nepeuoAec Apennerpeqecxoro (oxJrocl - gro roJr-
ua. OrgeJrbuoro upeAcraBlrreJrfieroË ToJrnbr,qpeBuuerpe-
KIT IIASbIBAJTVT (OXJIAMOHOMD.

o
Axa4eulrr Jlan4ay B nocJreAueMrcJracceruKoJrbr Ha-
rrprcaJrcoqrrnexue Ha reMy <O6paaTarrsnrr B nogMeflyur-
Krlua <EnreHraËOnerun>: (TarËffEa 6rura oqeub cxy.r-
Has oco6at> B coqunenlrrr roJrbxo rrrecrb cJroB,rro.rr1qsy1
oH, Kouerrno, eArrurrqy. Ho oro He [oMerrraJIo eMy cTarb
BeJTIIKLIM sUaUXOtU.

117
 3n6nuqeea
M.tl.

0
B csoeM AHeBHLTKeEnena ByaraxoBa paccxaoËrBaer,
.rro BaneHTrrH Karaes nego.rrro6JruBaJrBy"rrraxoBa u
Àarrce
oAnalrcÀbr uy6nxvno HaBBaJrero <(rrcouoË>.

o
B xonqe 1960-x roÂoB rro coBery rclrxuarpoB o6rr.r-
Ebre Ha..IrHcII Ea craHIII,Isx JroHAoHcKoro MeTpo <BbIXO-
.AA. HETr 6u;rn BaMeHeHbrHa <BbIXOA C IIPOTHBO-
NOJO'{THOIî CTOPOHbI ) .

v
V 9Ënurrefina 6rrna pyccxas nro6osnnqa MaprappïTa
(1900-1982). Csou o6que Berqr oulr Haabr*arrr- aJrbMapa-
Mrlr, rro [epBoMy cJrory ero urMeHu (A.rrr-6epT) pr IIo nepBo-
My cJrory ee uMeurr (Map-rapura).

o
cnr,rruxoM Tyro BarfiHyrrrË ra-ncryx Mo)r{er. rrprrBecrrr
K cJlerroTe' yTBeplKÀaroT aMepI4KaHcKpIef{eHble, TaK KaK
TAJICTYK IIEPCTffTI{BAET gPEMI{Yrc BCHY II OKASbIBAET CTIJIb.
HOe ÂaBJeIiIre Ea r;'Ia3Eoe ÀEo, rITO rIpfiBOÀr4T K paSBUTrIO
r.-ra1:iovbrrr rroJruoËc.rrenore.

o
EÈa - Mepa eMxocrtr, BMerrlarculaff 482 sfi\a.

o
B xoHqe 1917 roga 6ruo coBepruenorrox!:rtreuue Ha
Jreglrua, ero gacJronu"rr@. fl"rrarreH. C uoxyururBrrrrrvcfl
npoBeJrllBocrrr{TareJrËHyro
paoory u orrrpaBr.-Trrero s Fipac-

118
 MoneumaabHu e npuewu 3anovuHauun.MuenomexH
unapoæeôu
uxoe

Hyro Apuuro. florou n 1937 ro4y oH oraaaJrcff c flnarre-

' HOM B OAHOM KOHrIJrarepe.

lo
: Anna AxlraroBa roBoprrJra: KorÀa Ha yJrrrqe Kprtrrar
<(AyparcD,neodaeaTeJrbrro o6opaunBaTbcff.

,o
B 65 .ner Cer-Cuuon trprrKaabrBaJr
cBoeMynanero Karrc-
; Aoe yrpo 6ygurr ero cJroBaMpr: <,Bcranaftre, cy4apr! Bac
xçAyr BeJrrrxne4enat>

o
B rroprcxrrx ffBbrrax 6yAro 6rr ecrb BpeMff: He,qocro-
BepHoe nporrrJroe.

o
flo Ba6eSy, xro pa6oraer Ba rrerBepbrx, rroAJrex(rrr
KaBHrrKaK BaroBoprqur [porrrB o6ulecrna.

o
fluoncruft peqenr AoJrroJrerug: paa B rre,qeJrrcHurrero
He ÀeJIaTË.

Teopnre t,tQanrasnpyfire
,{aHnaa Knura orrpbrJra BaM-o.qrru HeMaJrenrxuËcer-
per - rre rax Muoro cnoco6os yJrpruurb fiaMffTb u He orrenb
Mnoro recroB Ha rrpoBepny rraMffTrr.Cyrr rex ll Apyrrrx pac-
cKaBaHas orofr Kxrrre. H ga.nrue Bbr caMlr Morrcere[prr4y-

119
 3n6nuqeea
M.fl.

MbrBarb ce6e recrbr u llpueMbl Ha 3a[oMrrHaHpre. Toncrrre

KHIITU AJIg OTOTO IIIII K IICMY. B rrgX JIVIUIË PASHOE HANOJIHE.
HTIC OAHOTO IT TOrO }KE. A CO3ÀATË HAIIOJIHCHVE BbI MO,iCCTC
caMll, ecJru SHaere cyrb. Bce sasrlcr4T or sarrreË sanraalrra.
BocuoyrrsyËrecr BrrraMrruoM 3@;, orBercrBenHbrM Ba cy-
rrlecrBoBarrue QaHraaepcrBa B BaTrreMopraHrrSMe, He ÀaËre
eMy BarraxHyrb. V sac rraBepHfiKa troJryqarca ne6earrHre-
pecHbre recrbr' Ee xyx(e rex' qro npeAJrararorcff B MHoro-
trrltcJleHHbrx KrrHrax' flocB.ErqeHlrbrx pa3Bururo [aMgrLI.
3ro nerxo!

CoeepweHHoceKperHo:
Ha SnuxueM BocroKe Anfl Qapaoua Attenxorena ttt
(ox. 1450 r.) geùcraoBanu areHrbt, Koropbre npeAyn-
poKpann o roToBril4tlxcgæroÙoæX npoTnBnpaBnTenb-
CTBEHHùIX BOùCK

Bot, Harrpr{Mep,Tecr rra BarroMuttartuecJIoB,cBggagrrbrx

IIo cMËrcrY, v cJroB,no cMbrcJryHe cBa3arrllËrx,xoroprrË nrr
IIPOXOAIIJIU B rJIABE <OT TEOPIIII K IIPAKTHKC>. IIPUUOMI{HA.
ere? Br"recrogrux trap cnoB Mo)KrrorrcrroJræoBarbqro yro/q-
so. Calr qpr4uqrru Ee nsMeur{Jrc.fic ApeBuerpeqecxrD(Bpe-
MeH, A BO'TKOMnOEeErbrAJIfi Eero uao6perralorrcrÀo crf:( uop.
Kro-ro fipe4naraer BarroMnrrrbAarbr u co6uur.fi, B aro
BpeMs ttpousolue4rrrue.A notoivr, rraabrBa.Eco6rrrus, EVX-
HO HASBaTb AaTbr.

CoaepueHHo ceKperHo:
WUOPOKHU-A - Ko,qoBaflKHnra, nncbMo Hnn Ka-
xoù-nniygb reKcroeuù goxymeur, onpeAeneHHbte
cTpaHuubt, cTpoqKu, cnoBa KoTopbrxucnonbsyraTce
xax unQp nnu KoA.

120
 3A0OM
UHAHUS.MHeMOmexH
uKa pa3Ee)quKo|

Haupnnnep'BaM[pe^JrararorBa,,oM'rrrb(na uro
Aaer-
cs 1-5 rr,ruuyr):
1953 roA - yMeproBaphu{CranrH
l 3097 rog - nlr,4n Hayrinnncbflerarb
I 384 rog Ao H.g. - po.qhncnApracrorenb
1952 roA - porqilncel-lyrraH
1888 rog - Ban l-or cos,qanoHoqnoeroeeo
1901 ro' - HaqrHa,ornphclDK^arbcrHo6eneecKhe
npeMHU
1855 ro' - e r.ueeùqapnuraeo6pereH'6esonacHbre
'cnhqKH

1555roA - Bbr.lJfla
B cBer KHHraHocrpanaMycancro-
flgTHgn

1954 ro4 - cos.qaHnepeuù hcKyccreeHHuÉ anMag

1874 rq - ooxc raeodpen3oHn4Kco cnanbH'Mr4
cnuuauu

A gaarme BaM Hyrrcno rrepeBepuyrÉ crpaulrqy,

rl sa_
IIncaTb Te .qaTbr,KoTOpËIeBËI 3a[oMEI4JrU:
B lueefi..J.apnunso6pereH' 6egonacHbrecn,qKn -
Cog.qaHnepeufr hcKyccreeHFtuùanMas _
Burluna B cBer KHhra HocrpanaMyca _
cDorc mso6pea soHrHKco cranbHbrM,
cnhqaMn -
Ban l-or cos,qanuHosHoeraee, _
.l1o4r,rHayqunncbnerarb _
Poguncn l-lyrran-
PograncnApucrorenb -
Haqrnapr nprclDKqaruHo6ereecKr4e
npeMnh_
CrannHyMep -

Moxcno c^eJrarb !r Bce nao6opor, ocTaBrlrrb .qarbr, a

BnrrcbrBarr codrrry,s'

121
 3n6nuqeea
M.fl.

CoaeputeHHoceKperHo:
OOTOPA3BEflKA - BnÆpasBep4,egrenbHocrn, oc-
HoBaHHHùua ncnonbsoBaHuuodaHuoro eororpaen-
poBaHue. B uacrost4ee BpeMs QoropasBeAKa flBne-
ercn cocraBHoù qacrap Bu3yanbno-o6pasuoù pas-
BeAKu.Axrneuo QoropasBe4Ka Beqercn co cnqHn-
KOB-UnnOHOB.

Pagse Bhr He cMo)Kere Harrucarb troJrear{rrË recr gna

ce6a? Haupnrvrep, cocraBprrb ero r{B gHeË porr(AeH}rJrcBo-
rrx Àpygeir. n anaxoMbix.
BoarMn re BarrTysarrncuyro KHTTrrCKy pr neperruû ure vB
Hee Ha JrrrcToK AHfr, MeCffqbr r{ roÀbr poE(ÀeHfis Barrrux
gnaxoMbrx, a Ha[porrrB Àar rrpocranbre r{Mena. A renepr
IICPEBEPHIITCJIUCTOKII HaIIIZTIII?IT€ToJIbKo ITMeHa. Bce,
Terrepb Morrcere Harrr4HaTb recrupoBarb ce6g IIo BaMrr }Ice
cocTaBJIeHHOMyTeCTy.

CoaeprueHHoceKperHo:
TEXHWLIECI<A9 PASBFAKA - pasBeqKa,Koropae Be-
Aercu c UenbrcnonweHun 4euuoù nneopua4nn o rex-
Hn.tecKnxcpe4cTBaxn Bo3MOXHOCTqX BepOçlTHOrO nnn
peanbHoro npoTnBHnxa.Oua nopoù saBncur oT Tex-
Hu qecKnx u croLtHu Koa u nQop Ma4u n, .teMy are uryp uoù
pasBeAKoùnparcrnqecKuHe yqenfleTcs BHuMaHue.

A ecnn Bbr eAere B rroegAe vr BaM ylrce Hacxrrr{Jro rrr-

PATb B (IIOAKIIAHOTO AVPâKâ<., TO MO}I(HO HCIIOJIbsOBATb
KAPTUHKU KAPT KAK HANOJIHCHTICAJIfi TECTA EA OoPAANYTO
IIaMsrb. flporecr[poBarb ce6s rlr cBorirx cocegefi uo xyre.
3ao4xo paccrasarb uM rrpo ory caMyro o6paaayro traMfirb.

122
 =

npneMuganowltHluun.
MOneumAnbHHe paseeôuuxoe
MueuomexHuKa

CoeeputeHHoceKperHo:
eP - eneKrpoHHanpasBe4Ka, AaHHHe xoropoù go-
d*ea,orcn ug aHannga eneKTpoMarHnrHoro nsnwe-
Hnfl. OcuoBuaM ucro.tHnKoM ngnyqeHus gBnnercfl
pa1ora pa4uonoKaunoHHbtx craH uwù. en ercpoHHyto
pasBe4Ky,KaKnpaBnno, BeÆwHaABoÆHHe n noÆBo4-
Hue Kopa6nu, MopcKne HayqHHecYAa n cneunanbHo
o6opyaoBaHHHe caMoner*.

BapuanroB Mnoro. If srt MOrKeTe IIpUAyMaTb I/tX CaMI/t.

Begr refiepb Bbr Buaere Bcro CyTb O paBBLITIIII IIaMfiTI1t.

l4xrepecHble Qarrul
o
KannQoprurficxuË ncuxoJlor u uefipoucuxoJror Maprc
PoaeHqseftr B rcf + r. cAeJraJr BaffBJrerrue o roM' rrro
ecJrr{ B Teqeurre sceË ,$rrgxrr AaBarb rleJroBeqecxoMy MoB-
fy AecfiTb HoBbrx eALîHrrrI unQopua\fifi Karr4yro cexyn-
Ay, To Bce paBuo cuoco6uocrb Moara BarroMrluarr 6y4er
prcrroJrbgoBauaJILrrub HarroJIoBrIHy. PoaeuqaeËr ynepat,
rrro cloco6nocrr{ Mogra He BJIuaIor Ha npodle*rËI c rra-
Msrbro, rJraBHoe, Hayllr[Tbcff KoHTpoJlrrpoBarb cBoro fra-
)1ffTb.

o
B nnure A.P. Jlypult <Vnr MueMonprcra' paccnasblBa-
?rcs rarofi cnyuaft: uono4ofi pyccruË ,fiypnanzcr IIIepe-
--,encxrfi, {acrBys B BaceAanunpeAxoJrJrer[u,He AeJran
l

123
 3n6nuueea
M.tl.

HrrKaKrrx SaMeToK, qTo .yAlrBr.rJrQcodpanuurxcff. Ero uo-

lrpocrlJlrl o6tgcnlrrËca, rr oH, HeMHoro cMyrrrBrrlrlcb, or-
BeTrrJI, rrTo lre IIoHI{MaeT, SaqeM HyrrcHo lrTo-To BaII]Icbr-
Barb, Korga oH rr 6ea gauucefi sce rrpercpacno BafioMrrua-
er. A.rro6rr HrrKTo He coMgeBaJrcff,oH BocnporrgBeJrrrpax-.
TprrrecKu cJroBo B cJroBo perrb peAaKTopa.

o
flpoQeccop flerp Anoxnn, rocJreAoBareJrbflauoaa,
fiB5nraJrcuoco6nocru rreJroBeqecxoroMoara K rrocrpoeurro
uogeneË. I,I cgelaJl BbIBo.q,trro rraMffTbcyrqecrByer B BuÀe
or4eJrburrx HedoJrbruuxnno4orefi , vtJrvtgnexTpoMarrrtrrublx
I
KonrypoB, Koroprre o6paooBaubrcBsaaurrbrMrlMe]rcÂyco-
6où nnosroBbrMr[KJrerKaMn.HcuoJrboys B cBorrx uccJreAo-
BaHrTsxgJrexTponurrfi MfiKpocron u KoMrrbrorep,Arroxrru l
BbrrrucrrJr, rrro no4o6nux Mo.qeJreË s Moory rreJroBexaco- ll
,qepxcrrrcarrpocro HeBeposruoe Korrqecrgo. OH rroÂcrrr4- I
TaJr,qro rar rraabrBaeMoe (trucJrocTerreneËcno6o4rr> Ha-
croJlbxo BeJIIrKo,(rrro ÂJItrroro, vro6rt Hattucarb oro rrrrc-
i
Jro, [orpe6osarocs 6sl AecsTb c noJroBunoË MfiJrJIrroHoB
\
KuJroMerpoa6yrvraru.flpn raKoM KoJrurrecrBeBooMolrcno-
crefi Moar no4o6en KJraBr,rarype, rra KoropoË uolrcno cbrr-
parb MuJIJrtroHbrpagJrprr{Hbrx *relo4ufi >.

o
Hrro-fiopxcxlrfi neËpoQnaproJror Opux Kanget o6na-
pyxrrrJr, rrTo MopcKafi yJrrrTKa arrJrlrcrlrsoo.uagaeTiryB-
crBrrreJrrnoËrraMsrbroHa HerprffTubre oqyulenua. ,{uy-
KpaTHOeyKaJrËrBaHr4e yJr?rTKasarroMHHJraHa HecKoJrb-
KO MrIHyT, a rr.fiT?rKpAlHoe IIOMHUJTa B TeqeHrre HecKoJIb-
xux RrieË.

124
MoueumanbHue
npuewuJanowuHouun. pasaeôauxae
MueuomexHuKo

o
Axnnrficrl4e frenbre Bbrffcrrr4Jlrr, rrro cJlorrbr ygtlaror
rro rroxogre Ao cornr[ cBorrx co[JreMerrnrlroB. A no peBy
OHI/IIrt qepe3 H€CKOJIbKOJIOTMOryT yBHATb CBO€IO (3HAKO-
MOrOù CJIOHa.

o
B 1861 r. x QpanrlyscxoMy Bparry flonro Bpoxa rpu-
meJr rraqrrenT, trorepffsurlrË cnoco6nocrb roBoprtTr. Kor-
Aa rraquerrr yMep, Epoxa uccJreAoBaJI ero MoBr u o6napy-
,rctrJr, rrro rracroK .[esoË noonofi Aonr{ 6blt IIoBpe]rc,qeII.
Bpa.r cAeJIaJIBbrBoA, qro ara qacrb Mogra orBerraer Ba
cuocodsocrb qeJroBeraroBoprrrb. C rex rrop ara rracrb Moara
HagbrBaercsBoEofi Epoxa.

He cnoxHbre cnoBa
AI\,IHE3PI,fl (m a - orpuqareJrËHa^firrpusraBrca rr rperr.
rnnpnle - ttaMtrrb, Bocuolurrraxze) - oæc],'rtrTBrre BocloMrit-
namrfi rfJrrrEerroJrnbr€BocrroMplnarrrrffo co6rrtrln( rr ttepeæcrr-
BaHr{æ(oqpeggrrenrronouepuoga. PaarrbreBrr,upraunearrrl Ea.-
6.nrcgaronc*rrpu Mrromor ga6oreBarrrrfix roJroBuorCIMogra.

MOB| - qerrrpa;rrnrrË or.qen nepanoft crrereMbr NcrrBor-

Hbtrxr{ rreroBexa. Cocrottr ug nepnnoft Txarrrr: cepox) Beule-
crBa (crconnemre, rJranrrbrruo6paaoM, rrepBrrbrxKJrgnoK)n 6e-
Jroro BerqeerBa(cxourenue, ruraBrrbrMo6paaoru,HepBrrbrxBo-
aoxon). V nossouorilGrx pasnr.r.rarcTrt)JroBuoû Ùrosr u curru-
noË rvrogr.V decnogBorroqnËrxEclrBo:rnbxKMoBroMrrallbrBaqr-
ca cKorrJreE![eHepBEËD(IcJIeToKHa trepeAHeMKorrqe TeJra.

125
 3a6nuqeea
M.ll.
if
lil

MOSIICETIOK - qacrb crBoJra roJroBnoro Moara (sag-

Hero moara). Cocrorar rro ÀpeBuero orAeJra - qepBfi r Qu-
j
Jrorenerrirqecxu HoBoro - fioJryru apufrt, paaB]rrbrx roJrbrco
y MJrexorrrraroqux. ?Irpaer BeÀyrr1yro ponb B rroÀÀepxca-
Hrrtr paBuoBecrra reJra u KoopAvrreang.uftr

-
4nuxcenuù.
I
;
HEI{POH (or rpeu . neuron- nepa), HepBrras Krrer-
Ka, cocTosrrlaff lr3 TeJra u oTxoAffrrlux oT Hero oTpocTKoB -
OTHOCIIIT0JIbHO KOpOTKPIX ÂêHApIITOB U T{JILIHHOTO aKCOHa;
ocnoBnas crpyrTypuas u QynnqrrouaJrbnaffeÀHHLrqaHe-
pnnofi crrcreMbr.Heûpoubr rrpoBoÀflTHepBnbreuM[yJrbcbr
or perlerropoB B rleHrpaJrbuyroHepBnyro cr{creMy (.rys-
crBfiTeJrrnrrË neùpou), or rdeurpaJrbnofinepaxoË cucre-
Mbr K uc[oJrur{TeJrbubrM opranaM (4nurarenrrrrË uefipoH),
coeAuu.firor MencAy co6où HecxoJrbKoÀpyrnx HepBnbrx
KJreroK (acranovnue neËponu). BsauuogeËcrnylor nefi-
ponbr MercAy co6ofi rr c KJrerxaMlr r{cnoJrnprreJrbuËrx
opra-
HoBrrepeac?rnancu. V KoJroBparxlrrrkrcJroueftponos L02,
y qeroBera - 6onee 1010.

MI4t'OXOHÆ?il{ (m rpeu. mitos - Hrlrrbpr chondri.on -

BepHbrrrrxo,Kpyfiuuxa) - oprarreJrJrbrrcrrBorubrx u pacru-
TEJIbHbIXKJIETOK.B ITTATOXOHAPPIII IIPOTCKAIOTOKNCJIUTEJIb.
HO-BOCCTaHOBUTeJTbHbTe peaKqrrfi, o6ecuerruBarorq rre K JrerKpI
eueprueË. rlvclo Mr{ToxoH Aptrir n ognoË rcJrerKe or egrrurarl
Ao HecxoJrbrrrx rbrcffrr. V uporaprror orcyrcrByror (ux Èyn-
Kqrrrc Bbr[oJruffer KJrerorrnafi MeM6pana).

AAABIIfl (or a, - orpurlareJrbuas rrprrcraBxa r{ rpeq.

phasis - BbrcxaabrBaurre) - paccrpoËcrBo pequ upu co-
I
xpauuocrrr oprauoB perrrr r4 cJryxa, o6ycnoBJreuuoe nopa-
ti
t
I
126 t

i
I

t
 npuevu3anowuHauua.
MoueumanbHbre paæeôuuxoa
MueuomexHuKl

)KerrrreMKopbr donrrur.rx nonyurapnfi roroBuoro nnosra.Oc-

HoBHËreQoprvmr : Moropnaa (uoreps cuoco6uocrrr roBoprirrb
npu coxpanrocru rrour4Manufi peuu) ll cencopnaa (napy-
rrraercff nonrrMarrlrepeqr4; cnocodnocrb rrpor[gxocrrrb cJro-
Ba Lr Qpaau qacro coxpauserca). O6rr.ruo corrponorrcAaer-
crr aJrercueit u arpaQuefi.

CKJIEPOB (or rpeq. shlerosis - BarBepAeBarrue)-

ynJroruenr{e rranv Lrrvt opraua, BbIgBaHHoe rlr6enbrc aJre-
MerrroB rrapenxrrurr ( na [orrBe BocrraJre
ïryrfi.,paccrpoËcrna
rponoo6paulenus, Hapyruenrrff odvrena BerqecrB, Boapacr-
rrbrx LrBMeHeHuît)u aauenoft trx BpeJroftcoe4unlrre.nrnoË
TKAHbIO, UHOTAa C nOCJIe.qyIOqI{M ee CMOpIIII{BaHIIeM.

EHIIE@AIIIIT (or ryrev. enhephalns - roJroanofi uosr) -

BocrraJreulreroJroBnono Moara (uonrrureurre reMrreparJæbr,
roJroBnaa6onr, [apaJrl,rqrr,paccrpoficrna coanarrfiffï T. rt.).
BHgHnaercs B[rpycaMu (nepuu.urrrfi, ouuÀeMrl.recxufi eH-
qeQanur) .11116o flBJraercff ocJro)KuexlreMApyrux nnserc-
qPlorrHbrxaadoregaguË.
:
MEHIIHII4T (or rpev. meninx - Moarosas o6oroq-
Ka) - rnoËnoe r.rJrrrcepoauoe Boc[aJresne odoroqex ro-
JroBnoro Ir cfrl4uuoro Moara, BbIgbIBaeMoe6axrepraffMlt,
BrrpycaMv pî Ap. Boarurxaer KaK caMocrofiTeJrbuoesa6o-
JreBaHrlre
rrJrr4KaK ocJro)rcHeHpre
Apyroro [poqecca. flpo-
flBJraercfi roJroBnoË6o.nbro,pBoroË, paccrpoficrnou co-
SHaHUg Lr T.A.

KOHAAEyJIflIII{fl - BaMeHanpo6eaa B raMsrrt Bbr-

gynnxofi, Koropyrc cy6rerr BocrrpunnMaer KaK r{crrruy.

127
 3a6nu4eea
M.fl.

CABAHTIIIBM - aBJreurre, KorÀa y yMcrBeHHo orcra-

Jloro rreJroBexa crlJrbgo pagBlrrbr oco6rre raJragtbr, Harrpr{-
M€p, cnocodnocrb K MyaËrrce,x 6rrcrpoMy peûenrrrl cJroxr-
Hbrx MaTeMaTrrrlecKllx 3aÂatl ?TT.A.
,\

IOJII{IJIOT (or nonn... vr rpeq. glotta - asrrx) -

rreJIoBeK, BJIaÀerofiItrft MHorlI MpI gabrx aMrt.
- l

HapogHbre cpe'qcrBa Ffie naMsrlr

1. Ec.rru qro-To He BcrroMrruaercff, Hy]r(Ho crrgrb KoJrb-
qo c fiaJrbqa o4xofi pyKu Ë Ha4erb Ha ror xte rraJrerl
4pyroË pyxrr. Bce anaroM BcrroMnlltcff.
Z.F,cnu Berqb KyAa-To <<cfrpfiTâJracb>u naËru ee He
nonrraerc8, HyrrtHo conpoBolrcAarb rrotrcKrr cJroBa-
Mu: <9epr, qepr, uourpaft ga ot4afir. :
3. Eule AJrs roro, vro6u orblcnarb npouaBrrryrc Berrlb,
\
coBeryror flprrBsoarb noconoË rrJrarox x nesoft Hore
fi [po.qoJr]Krrrb [orrcKrr.
4.Ecnn Bbr frorepaJru MbrcJrb, MbIcJIeH:rrov:Jrvr, ecrrkï
ecTb raKaff BoSMo)rcHocrb, Ha caMoM .qeJle, BepHLl-
Tecb rVAe, rge BbI troMHrrJIrI To, .rro ga6u Jrvr,vï rrrar
3a ruaroM [oBToprrTe Barrr Maprupyr, nputroMrrHarr
Bce B AeraJrffx. Bu c,qeJraJr?I
To, cKaBaJIrr rax Lr fro-
I
AyMaJrfi, tITo HaAo 6y4et c6a3arb... tITo cxasa6?
:f
5. Ecnn He BcrroMûrnaercrr lIM.fl vrnrvlcJroBo, MolKHo
npofirucb rro BceMy arQanury, BoBMolnHo, Kaxas-
ro 6yraa HaroJIKHer Bac Ha accoqua\?wr, u Bbr Bce
BCNOMHIITC.

-1

128
I
14oneumanbHu e npuevu 30noMuHauun. MnenomexHuKapat eeôuuxoe
a
I
6. Moxcso upocro ga6urb o roM, qro BËr He Morrcere
I
,
BctroMrrurtr. fforoM caMo co6ofi BcrtoMnr{Tcg.
^
-!
7.E.cnu BLr rraurrxyere no noBo,qyroro, BbrxJrrorrttxtr
r
rl yrror ttnru Her, aro rrperpacxrrË rroBo4 orrrpocrrrb-
I -
ca c pa6orrr. Ho ec.rru c padorbr yxo,qurb rre xo-
,1 rrerc.fi, uoupo6yËre scuoMuurb, KaK Jrerxo BrrJrKa
BblAepruBaeTcsrr3 poSeTKrr,KaK ruHyp cKoJrbsrrT
I
rro BarrreËra4onu, naÆag.Ha rroJr.Ern oulyu{eurrg
yrror? 3nyr,
Bbr rrc[hrrbrBaJr]rceroÀHs, BbrrcJrroqas
c KoTopbIMruHyp rrnroxHyJrcaHa IIoJr, Bbr cJlbrrna-
JrI{ oror anyx? flo4raroqure Bce oprauËr rryBcrB
rqJlgroro, vro6u BcnoMutrrb o roM, o qeM Bbr Ba-
6rtJtr.r.
8. A ecJru BaM, nao6opoT, xoqercff o .reu-nu6y4b Ba-
6srrr, rrogyMaBo6 arolr B rrocJre4xnir.pâ8, BaBffrcrrre
ne6o;rrurofi yaelox Ha o,qerrAe (na runypxax roxce
MolKHo).9ro cpegcrBo rapanTupyer BaMqacruquyro
AMHES}IK).

CoaepueHHo ceKperHo:
àKO - aKoHoMuqecKaepasBeAKa, npe4ycMarpnBa-
to4aq godauy BaxHbtx gKoHoMnqecKnxcae,qeunù a
ppnonHeHne K nonnru.tecKoù u BoeHHoùnuQopma-
t1uu. Ûonauan qacrb eroù nuQopua\nn Aodanaercs
B ocHoBHoMna oTKpbtrbtxucroqHnKoB,Ho nopaù ona
,qo6*Baercs n us raùuux ncroqHnxoe (npoMnwneH-
uaù wnnouax).

5. 3s6nrqeea M. A. 129
 3a6nuqeea
M.fl.

Bocnerae namsrb
rfro gna
5nrenoro - rogbr rrr)rceJroro uccJreAoBareJrË-
eKoro TPVAa, TO AJrff XyAOrrCHlrKaCJTOBa- BCerO Jrr{rrrb
KpacuBbrË o6paa.
Tax, nucareJrr C.T. Axcaxos rruxorÀa He coMueBaJrca
B TOM, .rTO y )iCr{BOTEbTX eCTb traMgTb, Lt AoKaSaTeJIbcTBa
)rqeFLTx elw!, ÀJrs ytoro ELI K r{eMy. Bot upuMep u3 ero
oxorrrfrlbrx aaMerrox: *Htax,
ToJIbKo B TperbeM rronoJle-
EEE rrOpOAa AEKrX yrOK COBeprUeI{rrOrroTepaJra fraMffTb o
cBoeu BoJrbEoM rrctrrbe) (Me"uxrae oxorurrrrËlr paccrcasu).

CoaeputeHfloceKperHo:
enrcH - eKcneqnu,un pa6or ocoÛoroua-
no,4BoqHbtx
3HA.leHnçt.

lCro nnqero He sa6rreaer? 06 erovr Buaer Angpeee:

(...y re6g rrpexpacuaa rraMJrrb,Tbr He ga6rrsaerrrbHrlqe-
ro, KaK Kurrra> (An.qpees JI.H.: Anararra: Co6p. corr.
T. 3, C. 445\.

CoaepweHHoceKperHo:
UU@P - Meroq KpunrorpaQuu, npeqycMarpuBarc-
Lunù saMeHyKùçqoù 6yxaa reKcra coo1qeHnn Apy-
roù 6yxeoù, 4nQpoù unn sHaKoM.

14 EeJrbss crcaaarË o rraMfiTrr y6e4ureJrbuee [ogra:

<,{eno B ToM, rrro Bce cuJIbI Harrrero yMa: rraMETb, cuoco6-
Eocrb cylrcgeurla n Qanraglrs - He roJrbxo rre yrueraror-
c.s Boc[pr4JrrrreM xygo)rcecrBenuoro, KaKoBo 6rr nlr 6rrao
t
ero coAeprrcaur{e, a naodopor, uMeur{o dnarogapff TBop- I

t-
130
 Moneumanwue
npueMu3anonuHouun. pasaeduuxoe
MuenomexHuKa

.recroË Kpacore BtrerrarJrerrr!8nau odocrpgrorcg, nJrrr no-

n1nraror rroBbreKpbrJrbsr (Annencxnfi U.@. Knrara orpa-
xceuuË).

CoaepueHHoceKperHo:
UEHTP- pyccxnù repMuH,npnunraù Ann odoaHaqe-
Hueura6-xeaprnpat coaercxoù pasBe4Kus Mocxae.

flaunrr - KaK rroragareJrb g,qopogbfl:rrorrcrnue AoK-

ropcxuË ro4xog: <- rfero raM - raMsrrt - xar 6y4ro
c .qocagofi noapaar{Jracrapyrura. flpocro rr,r 6ones,
rrcapy re6a, Hy, er ocnadeaa [aMffTr. Boi rrorrpaBrrmb-
c.ff...r (ApqÉrdanren M.fI. V noctegneË qeprbr / / Coq..
T. 2. C. 30).

CoaeputeHHo ceKperHa:
TPEO (pyccxuù xapron) - raùuas Bcrpeqa.

A aro ytre ,quarnog: (...rraMffTb ero 6rua KaK KapMaH

cTaporo cKpffrrr' r{3 KoToporo tronyruKrt IIe BËIMaHI{IIIbD
(Ioronr H. B. Beuepa Ha xyrope 6aua ,{uranrru (rI. 1),
Co6p.coq. T. 1. C. 102).

CoaepweHHo ceKperHo:
CTPATE\WqECKATI PASBEAI<A- Br4Apas*enKn, Ko-
ropaf, ocadeuno HWHa ann c6opa c*e4euuù, ue-
odxoquub,x npu QopunpoBaHnnnonnrnKu u BaeH-
HOnO nnaHnpoBaHnflHa HaUnoHanbHoM n MexAyHa-
poAHoMypoBHex.CrpareruqecKanpas*eqKa pac-
cMarpuBaeTcflKaKnpe4ynpex4eHne o HaMepeHnn
".{
I
tr
Bpara HanacTb

131
t
t
i
 3n6nuqeea
M,ll.

Heaecrnoe o[pegeJrerilre raMffTr{ Morrcuo nafiru y lopr-

Koro: eflarvrgrr, aror 6rr.I Hec.racrlrb[K, oxcrrBJlfier Aa]Ke rcaM-
HrI ltpolluroro ll Aatre B gÀ, BbrrrrrrblË nenor4a, rro4JlrrBaer
Karurr MeAa...> (Ioprrcufi M. llenxanr. Paccraarr. C. 75).

CoaepweHHo ceKperHo:
TAùHÂK - sapaHee o6ycnoBneHHoeceKperHoe Me-
cro, npe4HasHaqeHHoe pln raùuoù eaKna4Kuu ugbs-
rnn coo6tueunù, AeHer u Apyrux apru6yrol pasBeq-
xn 6es o.tHoù craBKn (areur n corpy4HuK pagBe4Kn
6ueapr y raùHuKa B pasHoe BpeMn).

Panrme nr{ HapoÂHoro,{ocroenc$oro orxpbrna Hayrca,

qro aJlxoroJrbpagpyruaer rolrosnofi Ùrogr?Bor B qeM Borr-
poc... rMens .ryrb cJreBbIHe rlpotuw6lua,Marorlxa, KorAa
a rtpoqeJl' rITo oH cIIIIJICflT rpeluUltft, TaK, qTO rraMffTb

rorepan...r (,{ocroeBcxrrË(0. M. Eegnbre nroAu // Co6p,

coq. T. 1. C. 97).

CoaepueHHoceKperHo:
TAùHOnnCb - runaccnLtecrcnù
Mero+ o1ecne,teHne
nepenucKnBpasBe4Ken KoHrppasBeq-
ceKpeTHocru {I
Ke.HHHz,Haxo4flcbB reHnpa4no n Apyrnx cpe4crB I
eneKflpoHHoù cBflsn, oHa TeM He MeHee HAQA,nT CBO?
npnMeHeHne.

Kax c rroMorrlbrorraMirrr4MolrcnoKaaarbcs yMnee gcex? t

rflausrr y Hero 6rrna odulupnefiuraR, r{, Bepogrxo, oH

6ru.rryrluee Bcex B KJracce;Huqero He crotrJro eMy rrpoqu-
I
TaTb ypoK paSa ABâ, rr oH oTBeqaJIero cJroBoB cJroBoù
(flor"ranosexlrË H.I. Merqaxc$oe ctracrre).

132
 MoneumanbHue
npuenu3nnowuHauua. pasaeôuuxoe
MuenomexHuKa

CoaeputeHHo ceKperHo:
i
CnflUJnn A1EHT- saKoHcepBnpoaanuuù pasBeq-
** uux (arenr), uat<ogsunùcsB soHeoneparuBuoùAes-
.i
a TenbHocrn,Ho xoropaù Ao nopbtHe npuBneKaercf,K
Wacrurc B pas*e4nBarenbnoùpadore (onepaUnn).

If cnosa rraMffTb KaK cocraBnsroulaa cqacrrs: eA rarc

KaK rraMffTb y I4nanyurxll 6rr.na rpeBocxogrras, Aa er cep-
Ar1o, K ToMy *ce, 6rrao BoJroroe, To rryrb-rryrr lfsanyrura
rr BrpsMb us Aypara rre cAenaJrcs yMrruqeËr (Canrrmon-
Il{egpun M.E. Aypar. VIe6p.coq. T. 2. C. 127).

CoaepueHHo ceKperHo:
TAn Hbl E On EPAIJ4 n - Meponpnerun, npoBo4,uM bte
cneucnwûaun B cKpbtroù nnu saMacKnpoeaHnoù
Qopue, rnaBHbtMo6paeom, c TeM, qroÛat sarpy4Hnrb
(unn c4enarb HeBosMoxHuu) npoueec AoKasarenb-
cTBa npnqacTHocTnK HnM nX OpraHnSaTopoB.

tlrotrenoBer BarroMtrnaer Jr]ryure Bcero? To, rrro ero

I
BSBOJTHOBaJTO.
<flaUsrË Moff craHoBrrrcff B/qpyr HeyMoJrrr-
MO BepHA U ffCHA TOJIbKO C TOIO MrHoBerrng, Kor,qa Ha
MeHs' roBopff cJIoBaMu rex ,Ke AypHo BoclluraHrrÉrx coqu-
nsrenefi, odpyurwruet-yAapbr cy4r6u> (Typrenes LI.C.
,{nennrr Jrrr[rnero.reaonexa).
I

I
CoaepweHHo ceKperHo:
i
TEIIEME\PWqECKAç| PASBHI<A - BuAoco6où rex-
HuqecKoùpaeaegKn,nphlxoropoù nnQoptua4unAo-
i
âuaaercs B xo4e nepexBara,o6pa6orxn n aHannsa
\ AaHHbtx TeneMeTpun.
:
I

I
 3n6nuqeea
M.tl.

Llnorga Karrcerca, rrro xyAoæcecrBerruaanrrreparVpâ,

KaK rr llapo.qlloe rBoprlecrBo, rrAer rra EecKoJIbKoruaroB
Bfiepegrr Hayrrir. lTnu ero Hayrce trpuxo4rrrcs rro,qrneprr-
Aarb ro, rITo Hacoquu.gnrrxyAo)rtnunll cJroBas cgoux 6ec-
cMepTnbrx rBopeulaa;x?

Jlannsru6ureaer pasHae
IIAMflTb - BrrA cny*cednoË neperrrcrtr s Poccvu
XU-XVII ss. CoAepxcaJlapacropslrceurrff, rropyr{egrlff
AOn)rcEocTI{bIMJrr{qaM,3allucu qacrHblx nuq.
efIAMfTb ASOBAT - rcpefieepEa.ntltËcxoro @"rrora,
KoMarrÀaKoropono BoceraJraB rrorlb na 20 Qenpaaa 1906 r.
(o4sospeMerrno c BoccrarrlleM B Cnea6opre u Kponrura4-
re). Boccrarrue na Hpeficepe roAaBneno soficrcaMtl.
IIAMflTb 9BM - qacrb 9BM, rpeAHaBHarIeHHasArIs
gafietcn,xpauenr[s rr BbIAauuuuQopMal{uu, rrpe4craBJren-
noË s ro4onoft Sopue; o6paayercs.fis o4noro fiJrr{HecroJrb-
Krrx BatroMr4xarouluxycrpoËcrn (3V). Halr6o"nuree KoJrrir-
lreerBo uxQopuarywr., Koropoe Mo)rceroAHoBpeMeHHo xpa-
Hrrrbcs B rraMffTn 9BM, orrpeAeJraercacyMMapnoË euro-
crrro Bcex Bxogsrrlrrx B nee BV; 6srcrpogeftcrsue rraMffTrr
9BM saBuclrr KaK or 6ucrpo4eËcrsrrfl oT4eJrbrrux 3V,
TaR rr or crroco6os o6Mexa lrnQopMaquefi uexc4y HlrMu.
flausrr OBM o6rr.rno rroApag,qeJrffrcT r{a orreparuBuyro
(unu ocrroBuyro),nnerunroro (acuoMorarenilnyro) u 6yQep-
Hyro; coorBercrBerlno u 3V, odpasyrcque ror uJrrr ulrroit
Bu,qrraMsrs 9BM, rrMeror auaJrorlrqubreHaBBaHua- one-
parr{Buoe, Buerrruee,6y$epnoe 3V.

134
Mon eumanbHu e np_!
gn!!!q noMuHaHun. rrlueuomexHuKo paæedvuxoe

Snagrg nlr Bbl, rlro...

Bau Hrr*orAa Ee ''puxoÀunocb ''ouaAarb B aeJroB-
Krre crrryaquu rr3'34 roro' lITo Bbr He gEaere KaKrre-To
oOrqenanecrrrbreBerrln, cBaJrnBaa Bcro BnEy ua cnadyro
nauarr?

CoaepueHHoceKperHo:
TAnHHnAIEHT - auepnxancxnùreptrnH.llnuo, Aeù-
clBW4æ nù rc (ænnuatoqæce u nnoHaKeM nnn,rToA-
puanoù æ6oroù) B nHreæca)(nnocrryHnototæyÆp-
ææ. ou ratoxeHaSflBêtgrct
KareHToi/t
t70flnpnKpun@M,.

Teuepr y Bacecrb rua'c ga[oJrrrurbarr{ upo6e.nrr,frc-

tronbgy.ffTy rexErrKy gatroMr{rrarrrlrfi,
rcoropyroBbr nu6pa-
nr{ Ana ce6a, KaK rrasdoneey4o6nyro.
LÏrax, rrro BaMrrrlrorÀa Ee yAaBaJrocË gatrougnrr?

rr ocn eôoaarnenbrr,o
crnb nn aH,em confl,evrtoti eucmeil,w
Co.rrnqe
MeprypuË
Beuepa
3eu.ns
Mapc
flonc acrepougoB
IOnzrep
Carypr
Vpar
Heuryn
flnyron

135
 3n6nuqeaa
M.fl.

CoaepueHHo ceKperHo:
CnEUOnEPAUnn - pyccKuù repmuH, npnHerwù ,qfln
ô6osn aqeHns' nonur uqe cKux n u KBtt4a un ù, noxu LueHHe
HWHHx n p4eù, aaxn ux Aot<yMe HTaB,noryanu atxge ù -
crcnù B THny crpaH-nporuBHuKoB.

Cenu vyôec caetns,

Ernnercrr{e [spaMrr.q'brs 9ar-Iuse
Buc.s.rne caAhr CeunpamrrAbr
Besca Ons*ruuficroro craryg
Massorefi n lannrapuace
Apreuugrr 9$eccrofi xpaM
(DapoccxuË uasrc
Koaocc PoAoccxufi.

CoaepweHHo ceKperHo:
PE3 UrqEHW PA (pyc c xn ù re p u n n) - pa sBeA,HBarenb-
Has rpynna, AeùcrBytoqae sa py6exoM, Koropoù py-
KOBOA,UTpesn4eHT.

II ao6p emannenu &arno Jllo6unn

Bnaere JIu Bbr' 'Iro 6rrlo saperuc1pllpoBalro 416 rpe-
TerrAeHToBHa troqernËrË rury.n rso6perareJrfi anrouo6n-
na? rlyrb JryIHe KarfiAas crpaxa BbrABLrraJra cBorrx coxc-
xareneË. Ho gro gBarrlle rro [paBy [pfirragJrerrrrr, B rrep-
Byro oqepegb, rreMeqruu Korrcrpyrropa*r lornu6y ,{aËru-
nepy u Kap.ny Eenqy.

136
MoneumonbHu e npuehtbt3anoMuHauun. 14ueuomexHuK0pas aeôuuxoe

CoaepweHHo ceKperHo:
1CEBAOHWM - KnnqKaunu cnMBonnqecKoe o6osua-
qeHwe,npucBoeHHoe pasBe4qn,<yunn areHry B uennx
odecneqeHus ero desonacHocru.

Sonomoe ,conbqo Poccuu

Ceprnen floca,q
flepec.rras.rtr-3an eccx uË
Pocros Berurufi
flpoc.naur
Kocrpoua
fl.rrec
B.ragunrup
Eoromo6ono
Cyaganr
IOpren-IIo.llrcroË
Vr.lIu.t.

CoaeputeHHo ceKperHo:
-
n Pn KPblTHE æutnrHan MacKnW BKa(opn unsatl4s,
cnwauaf, neranbHbtMMecroMpafuru pasaegvwxa).

Canwe ou,corcueaopr+weaeptuuttw
(9nepecr)- 8 846,1 u
,{*corr,ro.ryrrrMa
Kan.ren,qrrcarrra- 8 585 u
,{xay.rrarnpvr-822Lv^
flux KoMMyrrusMa (no 1962 r. rlrK Cra.nrana,
c L998 r.
unrc Hcua$na Caruoura) - 7 495 rn

137
 3n6nu4eea
M.tl.

CoeepueHHoceKperHo:
nrcBNl - pasodnaqeHne WacrHnKoB, oÛaaça (rcon-
cnnparnBHan Kaaprnpa) nnn KaKnx-nudogpyrnx sne-
MeHToB pas BeAHBarenauoù,qesren bHocr u. [7po BaneH-
uttù areHT - Tor, o KoM ugBecrHo npornlocrosqeù
cropoHe.

Camwe ônunnwe percu

H'lan - 6 671 rcu
Mnccucufrrr - 3 950 xrr,r
AMasorrxa-6400xu
f,lnqarr-5800xu

CoaepweHHo ceKperHo:
1EPEEEXLIUK - qenoBeK, orpeKunùcs or caoeù
crpaHu u, KaKnpaBuno, noKt44apquù ee. I4cnonæy_
erce gpyroù cropoHoù KaKBaxHuù ncroquuK pasle-
AbrBarenanoùunQopuauu u.

12 no0euzo6 |eparcna
1. repaxJr saAyr[rrJr roJrbrMrrpyxaMu HelreËcxoro JrbBa,
Koroporo HeJrbBs6ruo y6urr rrprxarclrMopyJfirreM.
2.Jlepneficxyro rr{Apy ropo)rcAerrrre Tzsona tr
Exu4nrr, y KoropoË 6uro AeBsrb roJroB rr BaaMeHrcarft-
4oË orpy6aeunoË nrrpacraJro ABe rroBHê, - repax.u no-
6egwn rax: oH ''pufic]'"aJr ruero lugpu trocne roro, KaK
orceKaJroqepeAHyroroJrony. flocneAHK)roroJroBy, 6eccuep-
IHYK), OH IIAKPbIJI OTPOMHbIM KAMIIEM. TOTOIT BSAJI ITE-
MHOrO ,fi,qOBUTOËrpOAn fu4prr r{ cMasaJr eK) cBoyr crpe-

138
 npueilH3anowuvauua.
MonenmonbHue posaeôuuxoa
MuenomexHuno

rtrr. K HecrracrbroAJrs feparcaa, ero Bosurlqufi LIonafr (r

ToMy rrceero rrJreMaurrrlrc,a B Te,qurr Bognu.rnft 6aur 6nu-
r*cafturnu tr caMbIM AoporrlM 4pyrorvr) roMoraJr reporc
no6e4um lr4py. 14 9rplacreir r{e sacqllraJr aror rro,qBrrr
Iepax.rry.
S.ICepnreËcxas Jraxb c BoJlorbrMrdporarrra 6u.na cBa-
ulennoft JraubroAprelrzgrr. Ieparn qenufi ro4 rorrsJrcs,
rrora xe uoûmaJree.
4.leparcJr BarHaJrorpoMuoro Berps B cuer$rryroJroByr[-
Ky ropH Epuruanr (Eputuaxô).
S.AsrueBbr Konrorunr{ ro4aMr4 ne y6upaJlrrcb. Iepara
nsMeHrrJrpycna AByx peK - uI Te 3a AerrbcMËrJIHHerlncro-
rrr. Ho feparcn rorpocT4n Asrug (ua4enrqa Konroruen)
3AIrJrATr.rrË eMy aa pa6ory. 9npucrefi. u na gTor pa3 rre
SacgrrraJrIIo,4Brlr.
6.IepaxJr rrporuaJr Crulr$a.nnitct<wx rrrrrrl ( y ernx rrrrr-
qex 6Ëullr Me,qHËIe Korrrr lt uepÉ*, Koropbre BnoJrHeBaMe-
rrJrJrr{r/rMcrpenu) c [oMorrlbro 6ponaonofi TpeulorKrr, IIo-
n1nrenrrofi or 6orrurra A$uxrr, u rropaauJr prx crpeJraMv.
7. Iepaxn noËrra.nKprirrcrcoto6rtra, [puuaÂJre)rcaBrrrero
qaprc Mnnocy, rr Bepuyn ero s Murenrr.
8. Bo (Dpaxnu leparn ynrrrrotrcrdJr qaps ,{lroue4a u
gaxBarrfJr ero nourageft-JrroAoegoB.
9.,{aa Agnemr, Aorrnfi Enpucren, lepaxn Aonxcen6rr.rr
rrpr4necrrr rroffc lIuuo.nurrt, qapr{qbr aMaBoHoK, no fe-
paKJr...IIon] rrrJr ero B rroAapoK.
10. IeparcJrrroxrrrrrn Kopon lepraona, TpexroJroBoroBe-
JrnKaHa.Ox upourer qepea ncro Enpouy u,JlraBlrro, a Kor-
Aa eMy IIyTb rlperpaÂLlJrr{ IlellpoxoArrMbre cKaJrbr, rrpocTo
pasABrruyn rrx - TaK rroffBllJrrrcb croJrrrrr leparla (Iep-
KyJrecoBbrcroJrrru) s Cpe4uaeMrroMMope (pafron lu6pa.x-

139
 3n6nuqeea
M.tl.

rapa). Ero 4o.nncno 6rrao crarb ero uocJreAur{M Ba,qarrr{eM,

uo Dnpucrefi He BacqrdraJr BTopoe u rrffToe.
11. Sonorrre s6.norcu leclepra,q craJrrr ero ogrrnnag-
r{arbrM [o.qBrrrorvl. lepaxl o6paruJrcs K Araaxry (Arna-
cy) ea rroMorrlbro LT.qoroBopr{Jrcs rroÀepxcarb Ba Hero ne6o.
Arnanr noureJr 4o6rrearb AJrJr Hero s6.rronra. (floc.rre no-
6e4u Ha,qrurauaMrr Senc fipuroBopua ArnaHTa BeKv Beq-
Hbre Àep)rcarb Ha cBonx nJrerrax He6ecnyro TBep4r.) Ar-
JraHT AO6rr.rra6noxur, Ho... He saxoreJr Bo3BparrlarËcJr Ha
nocr.. Iepaxn cÀeJraJrBltA, qro corJraceH, rlollpocuJr roJrbKo
BgffTb [o4yrrrrcy - MoJr, He6eca AaBsr Ha rrJreqn. ,{orep-
.ILISbIË TI4TAH NOAMEHIIJI ICPO8, TOT B3ffJI g6;rOrPr _ VT
6rrrr rarcoB.
L2. Âns BËrrroJrHeHLrJrrrocJreAnero BaAaHrrJr repax.rr
BaxBarwr rpexrJraBoro uca Au4a - Kep6epa (I{ep6epa).
Vnugen aAarcoe crparruJrzr{ê, EnpncreË go cMeprrr repe-
IlyraJlcs u peurIJI' tITo fiec eMy He HytKeH, lr gacraBuJl
Ieparna Bepnyrb nca B npeucroguroro.

CoaepweHHoceKperHo:
n EPEBEP6OBI<A- npelpat4eHne BpaxecKoro areH-
ra a geoùHnKa. Ocyqecrannercn B ocHoBHoMnoq npu-
Hyx<AeHueM.

Pyccrcue eamoôeptcqw
Propux
Bragzuup I CssrocraBoBurr
,flpocnan Mygprrfi
B"uaguuup II Monovrax
IOpuË ,{onropyxuË

140
MoneumonbHue
npuevil3anoiluHonun. paæeôuuxoe
Mnenomex+uKa

A.nercangpHencxnfi
flarun.r A.nercanApoBsq'
I{saE I lCa.rura
,{aaurpufi .(oncxofi
llsan III
Illsau IV lpoasufi
Boprc logyroa
Muxau.n (Degoponr.r
A.nexcefi MuxaË.noBlrrr
(DegopAJrerceesu.r
Hnan V
flerp I Be.nuruË
Erarepuna I
flerp II
Assa lloannosna
?IgaHVI
Ernsaaera flerpoBrra
Erarepuna II
flaser I
A.nexcangpI
Arercasgp II
Arexcasgp UI
Huro.rrafi II A.nercan,qpoBr'rrl
(nn rcer,qaMorrcereycnolrurlrb ce6eBa,qaqyil garroM-
HIITb rre TOJIÉKOITMeHACaMo,qepr$qeB, HO II rOAbI IIX UpaB-
JreHnS, He TOnbKO CAMbre AnUBEbre peKrr fi caMbre Bbrco-
KtIe BepIIIIltEbI, IIO II M€CTOux paC[O.rrOXeUUA).

CoaepweHHo ceKperHo:
-
1WAHUCT pqncr, padorapqnù Ha no4nonbHoM
pa4nonepeîqaHuKe.

141
 3n6nuqeea
M.tl.

Bonpoc-oTBeT
-ç flau,srr 6rrcrpo yxygruaercs c Bospacrolvr?
- Aa, Ho lroJrbrcoB troMqrrJtrIae,eqrrr{ee He ucnoJrbaoBarb.

CoaepweHHo ceKperHo:
nAPOnb - pyccKoeHasBaHneycnoBHorocnoBannn
Qpasu, npnMeHneM*x ntls onosHaHuncBouxnp4eù.
- Cranau aJrxorona y6unaer 1000 Moarorbrx rcaeror?
- Her cnegenufi, rro4TBep*c.qarou1ux,rrro yMepes-
Eoe yfiorpe6aenne anrorons pagpyruaer MogroBbreKJrer-
Kr. A Bor rrpeoMeprrbreAoabr crtuprrroro KJrerxrr Moora
paspyrrraroT.

CoaepueHHaceKperHo:
PæU,$EHT(pyccxuù repunn) - pyKoBo4urenbareH-
rypuoù cera unn rpynnH paaBeqqnKoB
sa pydexom.

- Ecrr raxoe cyeBepue, qro ecnrvr.qero-To He Mo*cerrrb

BcrroMuurb, HyNcHo cnsrb KoJrbrlo c raJrËqa o4noË pyrrr r{
rraAerbEa rorrrce rraJreqRpyroù pyrrr. I4 uogoxgarr. Bce
caMo BcrroMHriITCg.PI cpa6aTbrBaeT... lrHorAa. floueuy?
- flora Bbr gaxffTbr crg'r{BanrreM Konbr{a c rraJrËrla, B
MOsFy rrponcxoArtr axTrrnnrrË rorlrcn neo6xo4rauoË ransop-
Maqrru, HeaaMetntrfi Ang cognarrrrff.

CoaepweHHoceKperHo
CBflSHUK - rperuù qenoBeK,AenrenbHocrbKoro-
poro HanpaBneHa
HacoKpbtrneKoHTaKToBMexqyABy-
MeApyuMn nn4bMn (arenrou n ero xyparopotu).

142
Monenmanbvue
npuenuSanowunauun. poneàuuxoe
Muenomex+u,n

- BcuoMllaaeu c ApyabsMrr o,qno u ro xce co6rrrrre.

,fl scuoMrrnaro oAHo, a onrlr coBceM Apyroe. flprueu ro,
IITO BCTTOMI{rIaIOT OEII, A HrlKaK Ee MOry IIputrOMHIITb.
Sna.rnt Jrrr oro, rrro c nroeË rraMarbro qro-To ge rax?
- Bo-uepnrrir, Apysba odparranrr BrrrrManne Ea o4rrr{
Aerarru, a BÉr - sa Apyrue. Bo-nropbrx, V gpygeft npeo6-
naAaer apr{Tenbrraa rrauffTb, a y Bac cnyxoBas. YInn y
4pyaeË n1nrûe rraMarb rra nuqa, & V Bac Ea quc.na. TaK
uro o6ulenrre c ApyabaMrir Motrcer rrocnyrrrrrb xopourrrM
TecroM AJI* BarrreËualrgtu.

CoeepueHHo ceKperHo:
CEfb - rpynna areHToB nnn HeneranoB, Koropbtx
o6ae,qnuser oAHo sa4aHne n Koropbte Hêrxo4f,TcnHa
cBesu y o4Horo qenoBeKa(pesnAenra).

- Ecnu fl qacro aa6grgarc - BËrKJIpqeHJIr{ cBer, raa,

yTIOI, - 9TO npI{SIIAK TOrO, IITO y MeEA IIJIOXO C UaUnrrrO?
- He o6ngarerbrro. flpocro Bbr Haxo.qr{TecbB cocroa-
Hrrrr cTpecc& rrJrrr noBbrruerrHoro HepBHoro HallpffrrceHrrg.
Coser na 6y4yrqee - rrperr.qerreM nrrËrn r{B AoMa, odoË-
Ar{Te KBapTUpyn IIpoBepËTe,Bce Jru BbrKJIK)qe[Io.

CoaepweHHo ceKperHo:
P3 - pasBe4btBarenbHoe sa4aHue - npodneua unn
Bonpoc, o6qnù unn KoHKpernuù, no KoropoMy Heo6-
xoAnMo nonwuTb pasBeAHBaTenbHHecBe4eHnf, O
nporuBHoù cropoHe

- Lïcuonbgyro Mero,qrrxu MrreMonrrrn, Ho Ee BaMerlaro

ynyqluerrrlrtr rraMffTll. floveuy?

143
 3a6nutteea
M.fl.

- Bo-nepBbrx, orrr Merogbr, Morrcer6rrrl, He [o4xo-

gar nr{truo BaM. Hyxno uogdrparb .qpyrue, paspa6arrr-
BarÉ Baprraurbr grrrx Merogrrx. Bo-sropHX, BoBMolKHo,
BËr He SAMerraeTe peSyJrbTaToB, [oToMy qTo paSBuBaeTe
rraMaTb paAu pa3BlrTrls fiaMffTrr, He llprrMeHsrr pesyJrË-
TATbrB peaJrbHoËxcuaru4,T.e. K llplIMepy, 3alloMuHaere
6ecno.rregnbrecrrltcKrr cJroB, BMecro roro .rro6sr BarroMr{-
Harb rryr*Hyro n aaureË 4e.rronoËufiur ilu'rnoË ncusurr lrn-
Qopuaquro.

CoaepweHHoceKperHo:
-
CE Cnpx6a6egonacHocn4.
COO- CerperHo-oneparhaFruÉorAen.
COt{- CexperHo-oneparuBHaf,
qacrb.
CnO - CerperHo-nonnrr,{ecrnfi
orgen.

Xngxr 6es Kocrbmef

A sbr cnyraËuo He Bxaere, gaqeM Tparr.rrb corurl Aon-
napoB Ha [pfio6perenue rpeHa]rcepoB<6erosbreAopor$KrrD,
KorAa Motrcnoupo6exarËca uo naprcy, pacroJrolrceuxoMy
He.qaJIeKo oT ÂoMa, fioAbrrrraTbcBe]rc]rMBo3ÂyxoM, rracJra-
Arrrbcrr Kpacorofi npupoAbr, coBMerrlaflaro c uonrsoft npo-
6extrcu?Baqeu rroryrrarb crerfiepbr, HMurr{pyrcrr1uexogb-
6y no necrnnqe, KorAa Molr(HosrrËrn sa ABepbKBaprr4pbr
rr nonyreruecrBoBarb MrlHlrMyMAo rrflToro araxca u o6par-
HO, A KOMy-TO BeAb UOCqACTJIIIIBIIJIOCb,KLITË B ,qBeHaAIIa-
T'{- If'JrerABaATIATT{9TA}TCHOM
AOMe, ÀA eqe HA nOCJTeAHeM
oratrce. A nnQru ltxorga JroMarorcg...

144
 ganonuuauun.
npuenat
MoneHmanuHue pQgaeôquxoa
Muenomexuuxa

Moxno c AercrBa rrpu1nrarb qeroBexa xo4rrTb Ha Koc'

TbrJr.fix,u ltorll, g4opoBËIeHorï, arpoSnpyrorca' rll*llSnb
6eg xocrrutefi 11o1çarrierc,rrreBo3uoxnofi - H1'rcrosrË' Hlr
xoggrË, Eu, TeM 6onee, 6erartr. Ec6 Taxrre KocrbIJIr{ lr
Âns naMsrril. lI, upex4e qeM npu6ernyrb K rrx rroMoulr'
AecfiTb pa3 IIOAyMafiTe,HylrcHoJIU BaM oro.
floAyrvrafire npaMo cefitlac' quraff HlrficecJre4ylorque
crpoKr[.
B Qapruaronoru.recrcoË npoMblrrrJrerrxocrr{Bblrrycna'
erca psA npeuaparoB - rroorporroB. Hoorpounble cpe4-
CTBApaccMaTprlBaK)TcaKaK BerrlecrBa, crlrMyJllrpyrcqre
odyrenue, ynprualoulfie yMcrBelrnyro Ae.flTenbuocrb,Boc'
crauaBJrlrBaroullre Hapyruenuble Mnecrsqecrrle (casaan'
Hbrec rraMsrrro) r MbIcJItrreJIbHbIeQynrquu, rroBblruaro'
ulre ycrofi.rraBocrb oprauusMa K grccrpeMaJlËrrËIMBo3'
,qeËcrgnaMr.B ToM rltlcJre K rllfioxcvtvt, cxurratclrqne He'
BpoJroruqecrue,qeQnqnru. Eru rrpenaparbl Haonatlalor
upr aa6oJleBarfitrx, cBfiBaunbrx c cocyAtlcrblMrl Hapyrue'
HlrffMrr: arepocxJlepoa, rurreprorruqecxa.s 6o.rregub,rrpu
Hapyruerrlrax MosroBoro xpoaoo6paqenrrs, rrposBJraroule-
noca B rrapytuentrgx lraMtrrtt, BHr{MaHua' pequ. Bognu-
Kaer co6.[agg ucrtoJlbaoBarb Hoorporruble JlexapcrBa u
BAopoBbrMJrrogffM.O,qnaxo nro6oe Qapuaroloruqecxoe
BMeIITATe.TIbCTBOrIMeeT He TOJIbKO IOJIOTK]ITeJIbIIOe' HO ]I
orpuqareJrblroe BJIrIaElre. Kpoue roro' KaK Jrro6rre .ne-
KapcrBa, Hoorporrbl l{Meror BpeMennuË aQQerr' llcrlesa-
roulrafi qepeo Hexoropoe BpeMa rrocJlerrperparqeu]rfi rrprl-
eMa JrenapcrBa.Aa u soo6qe ilplreM nexapcrB BAopoBbI-
Mrr JrroAbMrI- oro a6cyp,ql

145
 in6nuqeeafil.tl.

CoaepueHHo ceKperHo:
nXexulrHbt craHoBnTcg nyquhMl4 unhoHaMh - noKa
He BCnOMnHatoro ceKce,r. B uarepnane noA, TaKrM
3aronoBKorvr paccKa3btBaer o6 06HapoAo_
"l-apAraHD
BaHHblx3anhcflX olqHoro n3 caMblx onbrHblx areHToB
6prraHcroù eoeHnoùpaaaerqKn Marceenna Hai,na.
l4ueHno oror qeloBeK cT€rnnporoTnnoM o4Horo ng
repoeBflHa OneMhHra- u.reQar[2reùrraca EoHAa,o6o-
sHaqaBUerOCs uunt1uanOM ,,M,. B 1945 r. Haùr, Or-
BeqaBumûea BHeApeHnepagBe,qKuB KoMMyHr,tcTt -
qecKhe n QauncrcKne opraHr3al4nn e Epnralvrvt,
Aennncn B cBor4xAoKraAax Mbtc,leMrno noBoAyMe-
roAoe c60pa pa3Be.q,qaHHbtx.
B .racï{ocrn, Haùr pa3Muunqflo Bt<na4e xeHU$4H B trnn-
oHcKoeAeno. "CyrqecrByeroqeHbAaBHeen Heo6ocHo-
BaHHoenpe,qy6exAeHhe npon4Broro, qro6u sq4eficrBo-
BaTbXeHl{l4HB KaqeCTBe areHTOB))r - nnOanOH.
"Ho npn oroM no6onumro ro, qro B vlcropvtvlpa3Be4-
Kn n KoHTppa3BeAKh oqeHbeucornù npoqeHTBenn-
qainwux onepaqhù ycneurHo npoBognncq HMeHHo
xeHqhHaMn)),- qnTaen/| y Haùra.
nïacro yrBepx.qaercs,r{ToxeHt4t4Hbt MeHeec4epxaH-
Hbt,qeM MIDKr{t4Hbt,r{Tol4MhynpaBnntoT9Moqt4l4, a He
MO3rn,qTOOH14 nonaraloTcn,cKopee, Ha hHryuqhto,
qeM Has4paeuÉ cMucl, r,tr{ToCexc (cnoao HanncaHo
aBropoMc 6onuuofi 6yxeur- E. S.) 6yger hrparb rpe-
BoxHyto t4 onacHylo ponb B nx pa6ore", - Hailr ne
cornaceHc TaKnMMHeHneM.
uMoÉ co6creeHHuùonutr, - npogonxaer oH, -
Ao-
Ka3btBaeT coBceMnpoTr4BonofloxHoe". Haùr nntuer,

146
ll o neumantHu e np uenu sonor,uHaHuf,. ll nenomun uro paæeèquKoI

rrro Bo BpeMnBropofi unpoaoÉ sofixu nogpagAefle-

HmesHaMexnrofiM14-5,rAe oH pa6oran, paccneAo-
BanocorHr4cny{aeB,KorAAunnoHoBnqAFqFu,tna 6orn-
n9tBocTb.
14nogaanqrlu1ee6onuuruxcrBoHapyulrrenefi 6unn
Mlarfir{Hauu.HafiToTMeqaer6onuulytoponb ceKca B
x143HyrXeHqnHbr, oAHaKo Tyr xe oroBapltBaeT, qTo
He RBnReTCnflOK||OHHIIKOM,KaK OH BblpæKaeTGn,cMê-
ToAoBMaru )Gpr,rr.
Hafir y6eagex, r{To, He noneflan a o6unrug M)DtGt}lH,
runuoHKlrAo6usan,t ropaqAo 6onuue r,|}rQopuawn,
qeM npn noMolqt4ceKca. Koxeqmo,BcerAa ecrb onac-
Hocrb, r{ToxeHu$4na gnlo6nrca B cBoero onnoHeHTa,
oAHaKOareHT npnSHaeT,so 3a Bclo ero AEaAqaTn-
neTH|oK)npaKTuqyoH o TaKrx cnrtanx He 3Han,.nll-
uer "l-apAnan".