ZONGULDAK BÜLENT ECEVİT UNIVERSITY

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

Question 1:
The load of a power plant is not the same at all hours of the day. As the load increases, other
alternators are connected in parallel to the working alternator to meet the increasing load. 2. It
is not appropriate to meet the maximum load value of the power plants with a large powerful
alternator. As is known, the efficiency of electrical machines; the machine is at its highest
value when working at full load. Since the power plant will not always operate at the same
load, efficiency decreases. In this case, it is necessary to have several smaller alternators in
the plant to increase efficiency. 3. By having more than one alternator in the plant, operational
safety is also provided. The alternator that fails is deactivated and instead of it, solid
alternators are activated. Thus, the continuity of the supply is ensured and the system does not
remain without energy. 4. Energy requirement can be met by exchanging energy with other
power plants, depending on the load conditions of the power plants feeding the regions. 5.
Maintenance of alternators in the power plant from time to time extends their life. In the
network fed by an alternator, subscribers remain without energy during the maintenance of
this alternator.
Voltages of alternators to be connected in parallel must be equal to each other.
The frequencies of the alternators to be connected in parallel must be equal to each other.
The phase sequence of the alternators to be connected in parallel must be the same.
There should be no phase difference between the voltages of the alternators to be connected in
parallel.
In addition to these, it is a desirable feature that both alternator voltages to be connected in
parallel should have a sinusoidal character.

Question 2:

The flashing speed of the lamps depends on the difference between the frequencies of the
alternators. The flashing speed of the lamps is slowed down with the rotational speed
(frequency) of the alternator to be connected in parallel. The moment the lamps turn off is the
moment of synchronism.

Question 3:

The microcontroller will try to increase the DC motor speed and the alternator end voltage in
order to put a load on the alternator. Since the speed of the DC motor will not increase after
the parallel connection is made, it starts to take active load on the alternator.

Question 4:

The moment of synchronism is determined separately by the synchroscope, zero voltmeter

and lamp connections. Synchronoscope is a kind of asynchronous motor. When the
synchroscope is connected to the circuit, the pointer rotates in a certain direction depending
on the frequency difference of the alternators. The smaller the frequency difference, the
slower the rotation of the pointer. When the pointer stops at the marked place, it means that
the alternator phases have overlapped and the phase difference between the voltages is zero. If
the frequency of the 1st alternator is higher than the frequency of the 2nd alternator, the
synchronoscope will turn in one direction, if the frequency of the 2nd alternator is higher than
the frequency of the 1st alternator, the pointer will rotate in the opposite direction.
Synchronization moment is detected with various lamp connections instead of synchroscope.