1 - Exercise physiology focuses on how the body functions and what it does during exercise.

Exercise
physiology focuses on several different studies including exercise efficiency, performance limiters,
environmental performance impacts, muscular function, the nervous system, respiratory systems, and
measuring physical fitness. Researchers research places like a physiology laboratory using things like a
treadmill, bikes, and more technological equipment that can monitor the actual body functioning. It also
includes the field of sports medicine that focuses on the treatment and improvement of physical fitness
or athletic injuries.

2 - Biomechanics focuses on the effects of forces and nature on the body during sports. It is a branch off
of kinesiology and focuses on the mechanics of the body rather than the anatomical portion of the body.
Researchers focus on making accurate measurements of motion, fixing errors in the collection of
statistics, studying the body in motion, studying the forces affecting the body, and creating simulations
to predict behavior with certain variables. They usually do research either by analyzing simple
movements or motor skills using things like computers, cinematography, telemetry, and more.

3 - Sport psychology focuses on human behavior during sports. They study the psychological effects on
performance mentally and physically. Researchers focus on the true nature of motor skills and the
psychological connection between performance and the mind. Some effects they look into are
motivation, arousal, anxiety, personality, and other mental possibilities that can impact performance.
Some researchers believe in studying right where the sport is happening while others like to collect data
and analyze it in a lab.

4 - Motor behavior focuses on what Michael Wade defines as "how motor skill is produced" (Freeman
61). The topic is split into three subareas including motor control which is more control and
coordination, motor learning which is the learning of motor skills, and motor development which is
about how motor skills are developed and improved. Common research topics are intelligence and
performance, physical fitness in young children, cognitive usage and motor performance, physical
attributes, and their impact on motor skills, and more. Motor learning research focuses more on the
stages of learning, memory, and performance, control, and other data analysis topics. Researching this
area is said to be complex and measuring these types of ever-changing variables can be very hard to
experiment with.

5 - Sport sociology focuses on the social aspect of people while playing sports. Some research in this
discipline focuses on individuals and groups, social statuses in a community, or organizations like schools
or sports teams. Researchers in this field consider a variety of factors like race, sex, religion, politics,
habits, and more. Other topics include emotional release, social control, socialization, identity, and other
functions of the sport both good and bad. Research is usually conducted in a complex way because the
data to be collected is complex with many different factors and variables.
6 - Sports history focuses on sport and exercise in the past. It focuses more on who, what, when, where,
how, and why. Sports history aims to examine how we got to where we are and what we might look like
in the future based on the past. Researchers do descriptive and interpretive research to identify change,
development, and progress.

7 - Descriptive history focuses on the what and describes the what of the history. Interpretive history is
the process of explaining why something was the way it was or why it was important. It is harder
because it isn't based on the fact it's based on personal interpretation. This research involves analyzing
and interpreting factors that affect your research.

9 - Sports philosophy focuses on defining and clarifying sport to figure out what the meaning of sport is
in our lives. Sports philosophy attempts to figure out what they're really to know about sport and its
relevance to character development and other topics, identify the answers we need to answer to guide
sport in the right direction, and develop a deeper understanding of sport and what we know about it.
Researchers focus on things like what is the nature of things, what people know, what the value of
things are, ethical questions, and aesthetic-based questions. There is no set way of research however
the analysis and synthesis are stated to be the "two pillars of integrity" (Freeman 69).

11 - Sports humanities focuses on sports art and sports literature, the finer arts side of things that
identify a connection between the impact of art and technology on sports. Researchers focus on
interpreting the meaning of sports literature or art and others to study the usage of art to describe
sports in our culture. Many study sports literature and art however most are making sports literature
through photography. film, art, and writing. The process of study is interpretive and subjective and is
different for each person because of its interpretive manner.

12 - Movement pedagogy focuses on a variant of kinesiology that is the study of the teaching or learning
of physical fitness and movement. The difference between physical education is that physical education
is more focused on school-related activities. The five major areas of study for researchers are student
behavior, the behavior of students, the effectiveness of the teacher, issues with the teacher, and the
curriculum itself.