Design of Intelligent Greenhouse Environment Monitoring System

Based on ZigBee and embedded technology

Weimin Qiu Linxi Dong
HangZhou DianZi University HangZhou DianZi University
ZheJiang HangZhou, China ZheJiang HangZhou,China
e-mail˖122040197@hdu.edu.cn e-mail: Donglinxi@hdu.edu.cn

Fei Wang Haixia Yan

South University of Science and Technology of China Shenzhen asoschip Co. Ltd
GuangDong ShenZhen,China GuangDong ShenZhen,China
e-mail:31594616@qq.com e-mail: tech.lk@assochip.com

Abstract--To meet the requirements in real-time, reliability and environmental factors parameter, waveform display the query
sustainability for crop-growth environment monitoring in data, intelligent control lights, greenhouse fans and irrigation.
greenhouse precision agriculture, this paper designed FLASH SDRAM
Environmental
intelligent greenhouse environment monitoring control system factors
ZigBee acquisition node
which is based on ZigBee and embedded technologies, in order LCD Touch
S3C2440 microprocessor
ZigBee
Network
screen
to achieve intelligent control greenhouse crops growing Coordinator

environment. The system is based on ZigBee wireless network, ZigBee

enddevice
using temperature and humidity sensors, light intensity sensors
power clock reset
for real-time detection of greenhouse environmental factors, circuit circuit circuit Equipment
control terminal
sending to the upper machine though wireless, comparing with
the default values, adopting the idea of intelligent home, Fig. 1The overall system block diagram
achieving intelligent control for the greenhouse fans, lights,
III. HARDWARE DESIGN
irrigation equipment.
Key words: ZigBee technology; greenhouse agriculture; A. S3C2440 microprocessor
embedded technology; intelligent control; sensor
Upper machine human-machine interface based on
I. INTRODUCTION S3C2440 microprocessor is the core part of the system. It sends
With the development of technology, the old farming the control signal and displays the real-time data and historical
methods can not meet the needs of social development. So we data. The design uses the Friendly ARM Micro2440 core
have to update and transform the traditional agricultural board[2] with Samsung S3C2440 cost-effective,16/32 bits
technical. Greenhouse agriculture has become a major trend in embedded RISC microprocessor, which has multiple UART,
the development of high-tech agriculture. Greenhouse SPI communication interface, the touch-screen interface, as
agriculture needs to control the environmental factors to obtain well as a rich expansion interface.
the optimum growth conditions for the crop. Thus it can extend B. ZigBee wireless communication
the production season to get the optimum yield[1].Currently, ZigBee is a low-speed short-range wireless network
artificial management is the major way to detect and control transmission protocol. Network supports three kinds of
the environment factors, wastes lots of manpower and topologies, include Star, including mesh type and Cluster tree.
relatively large of monitoring error, affecting the growth of Greenhouse environment monitoring system has a small
crops. Providing suitable environment for the growth of crops, number of nodes and short transmission distance. We use the
the system is based on the wireless sensor detection technology Star network. Star network nodes are classified into two
and embedded technology to achieve the intelligent control of categories: the coordinator and the terminal node, as shown in
greenhouse environment. Figure 2.
II. SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
Intelligent greenhouse environment monitoring system
consists of three main components: upper machine processors,
environmental factors acquisition nodes and Intelligent control
Zigbee Prot
terminal block. It’s mainly made up of S3C2440 ocol
Coordinator
microprocessor with the ARM920T core,power, clock, reset
circuit, LCD touch screen, intelligent control terminal module ,
ZigBee coordinator and environmental factors detection
terminal nodes. The overall system block diagram is shown in enddevice
Figure 1,containing a real-time display of various

978-1-4799-4756-0/14/$31.00 ©2014 IEEE

 Fig. 2 Star network
Greenhouse intelligent environment monitoring system
only has one coordinator, using the multicast mode. The
coordinator sends control information to the acquisition node
modules and intelligent terminal control node modules through
ZigBee protocol wireless network, interactive communication
with S3C2440 thought UART serial port.
Environmental factors acquisition node module consists
of temperature and humidity sensors, light sensors and ZigBee
end nodes. The data about the environment factors is sent to
the coordinator through ZigBee wireless network, block
diagram shown in Figure 3.
kinds of sensors
ZigBee
Fig. 3 Acquisition node module
Intelligent control module[3] consists of ZigBee end nodes
and greenhouse fans, lights, irrigation equipment. Zigbee end
nodes receive control information from the coordinator, and the
information is given to the switching control part of the
controlled device, the block diagram shown in Figure 4.
ZigBee Control Controlled
module module
Fig. 4 Intelligent control module
IV. 3 SYSTEM SOFTWARE DESIGN
Software design of the system is divided into three parts:
the upper machine which is based on the S3C2440
microprocessor, SQLite3 database, ZigBee coordinator’s
software and ZigBee end device software.
ZigBee wireless network uses a distributed network
address allocation mechanism.16 bits network address is
assigned by the parent node after the end node dynamically
joins the network. If the network has a maximum depth of
the maximum number of routers is C m and end devices is
R m for each parent node. The address offset of the routing
node with d depth in the allocation of address is Cskip(d ) [4],
­ 1 C m ˜( Lm  d  1); Rm 1
° Lm d 1
Cskip (d ) ®1  Cm  Rm  Cm ˜ Rm ; others
°̄ 1  Rm
A parent Achildren for the
So,the parent node with assigns
joining nodes [4],
In the system, the coordinate’s address is 0x0000.By using the
formula (1)(2),we can calculate the address of each
communication node.
A. Upper machine part
The development environment of HMI is Qt
Creator[5],using C++ to write. The main functions are
displaying the real-time data, using SQLite3 database to store
data and inquiry the data to display in waveform, as well as
setting alarm value. The bootloader, Linux kernel by cross-
compiled and file system with man-machine interface are
transplanted to the microprocessor. Then the system can boot
to running the interface and control through the LCD touch
screen.
B. ZigBee coordination
power
module
The ZigBee protocol’s[6] development environment is
IAR Embedded Workbench, using C to write. The flow chart
of coordinator is shown in Figure 5.Firstly,power-up,the
coordinator is initialized, opening the serial port and timer
interrupt. And it also sends the information to terminal nodes
with multicasts and detects the answer from nodes. After a
successful network is detected, coordinator receives the data
from nodes cyclically.
start
initialize
device send to the node
N
Node
responses?
Y
N
receive data from
node
Node sends
over?
Y
Send data to the
microprocessor
Fig.5Main program flowchart for coordinator
C. ZigBee EndDevice
L m , After power-on initialization, the enddevice module
opens the timer interrupt and I/O interrupts. Then, enddevice
reads the various sensor’s collecting data, realizes the
transformation for the analog signal and detects whether
received the control information from ZigBee coordinator.
Once receiving the related information, enddevice calls
AF_DataRequest() to send data to coordinator[7],to realize
transmission cyclically. The flow char is shown in Figure 6.
(1)
­$SDUHQW  &VNLSG  ˜ Q     URXWHUV
$FKLOGUHQ ® (2)
¯ $SDUHQW  &VNLSG  ˜ 5 P  Q HQGV
 start

initialize

read the sensor

data

A/D conversion

received the
N coordinatorÿs
call?
Y
Y
N
Fig. 9 Query graph
Call the subroutine
VI. 5 CONCLUSION
data is sent over? Based on embedded and ZigBee networking technology,
this article designs an intelligent greenhouse environment
monitoring system. Giving a detailed design and system block
Fig.6 Main program flowchart for coordinator diagram, it describes the design and implementation of the
V. SYSTEM TEST method from the hardware and software and gives the test
results of the system. Finally it realizes the functions of
The coordinator communicates with the S3C2440 through displaying real-time data about greenhouse environment
the serial and makes the ZigBee network with the enddevices factors, data query and setting the warning value. Intelligent
to achieve the transmission. Here is the physical picture ,as control terminal part is under development. In order to achieve
shown in Figure 7. intelligently control about opening the greenhouse fans, lights
and irrigation equipment, we need to combine ZigBee module
and device control part. The system provides a feasible
solution for intelligent greenhouse agriculture.
VII. REFERENCES:
[1] Wang Liyan, Qiu Liichun,Guo Shuguo.The development
status quo and countermeasures about greenhouse in
Fig. 7 Physical picture
China[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization,2008,10:207-
A. The display of real-time data 209.
Sensor: DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor [2] Li Hongyan, Qiu Liankui.To build the visual processing
Test method: put the enddevice in the air and keep the platform based on Micro2440[J]. Microcomputer And Its
short distance between the coordinator and the enddevice. Then Applications,2010,02:83-85.
we change the temperature by man-made causes quickly to [3] Xu Shufang, Wang Jinhai Gong Yulong, Research and
simulate the natural variation. design of intelligent home control system based on
Test results: the collecting data is displayed in real-time, ZigBee[J].Application of Electronic Technique,2013,39(8):80-
setting the value for early warning and selecting which node to 83.
be displayed, as shown in Figure 8. [4] Chen zhikui, Li liang,Health Monitoring System via
ZigBee in Smart Home[J]. Journal of Computer Research and
Development, 2010,47(z2):355-360.
[5] Jasmin Blanchette, Mark Summerfield.C++ GUI
Programming with Qt4,second Edition[M].Beijin: Electronic
Industry Press,2008:35-81.
[6] Shi Cheng, Research and Implementation the key
technologies of wireless sensor network based on ZigBee
protocol[D],Southeast University,2006.
[7] Tang Junhui, The design of wireless sensor network node
based on ZigBee protocol[D],Northeastern University,2008.
Fig. 8 Live View
B. Database query
According to the beginning and end time shown on the
HMI, upper machine stores the received data into the SQLite3
database and displays the data in waveform, the result is shown
in Figure 9.