Halogen Family

Compounds of G 17
LECTURE 2
Anupam Gupta
B.Tech & M.Tech - IIT Delhi

10+ Years Total Experience

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Halogen Family
Compounds of G 17
LECTURE 2
 Oxides of Group 17

Fluorine ● OF2 and O2F2 (unstable at Room Temperature)

● Strong Fluorinating agents

Chlorine ● Cl2O, ClO2, Cl2O6 and Cl2O7

● Highly reactive oxidising agents and tend to explode.
 Oxides of Group 17

Bromine ● Br2O, BrO2 , BrO3

● Least stable halogen oxides (middle row anomaly). They are very
powerful oxidising agents.

Iodine ● I2O4 , I2O5, I2O7 are insoluble solids and decompose on heating.
● I2O5 is a very good oxidising agent; used in the estimation of carbon
monoxide.

Stability of ● I > Cl > Br

Oxides ● Higher oxidation states of halogens tend to be more stable than the
lower ones.
 Metal Salts of Group 17

Mg + Br2 ⟶ MgBr2

2 Na + Cl2 ⟶ 2NaCl

Ionic Character for MF > MCl > MBr > MI where M is a monovalent metal
different halides

Ionic Character for

SnCl2 vs SnCl4
different O.S. of
metals
 Chlorine

Physical ● Pungent and suffocating odour.

Properties
● It is about 2-5 times heavier than air. It can be liquefied easily into
greenish yellow liquid

Uses ● Manufacture of dyes, drugs and organic compounds such as CCl 4,

CHCl3, DDT, refrigerants, etc.
● Sterilising drinking water
● Preparation of poisonous gases such as phosgene (COCl2), tear gas
(CCl3NO2), mustard gas (ClCH2CH2SCH2CH2Cl).
 Preparation of Chlorine

● MnO2 + 4HCl → MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O

Small Scale ● MnO2 + 4NaCl + 4H2SO4 → MnCl2 + 4NaHSO4 + 2H2O + Cl2
● NaClO + 2HCl → NaCl + Cl2 + H2O
● 2KMnO4 + 16HCl → 2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 8H2O + 5Cl2
 Preparation of Chlorine

Industrial Scale Deacon’s Process

● Oxidation of hydrogen chloride gas by atmospheric oxygen

Electrolytic Process
● Electrolysis of brine (concentrated NaCl solution)
● Chlorine is liberated at anode
 Reactivity of Chlorine

Metals

Non-metals

H containing
compounds
 Reactivity of Chlorine

Alkalies

(dry)

Bleaching Powder

Nascent Oxygen: HOCl → HCl + [O]

Oxidizing
Agent
Example Oxidation number of Cl in CaOCl2 (bleaching powder) is:
(2002)
A. zero, since it contains Cl2
B. -1, since it contains Cl-
C. +1, since it contains ClO-
D. +1 and -1 since it contains ClO- and Cl
Hydrogen Chloride

Physical ● Colourless and pungent smelling gas

Properties ● Easily liquefied to a colourless liquid
● White crystalline solid

Strong Acid

Lab
Preparation
Hydrogen Chloride - aqua regia

Three parts of concentrated HCl and one part of concentrated HNO3

 Oxoacids of Halogens

Acid Strength: HOCl < HClO2 < HClO3 < HClO4

Acid Strength: HClO4 > HBrO4 > HIO4
Oxidizing Nature: HClO > HClO2 > HClO3 > HClO4
Interhalogen Compounds: Properties
 Interhalogen Compounds

Preparation

In general, interhalogen compounds are more reactive than

Reactivity
halogens (except fluorine). This is because X–X′ bond in
interhalogens is weaker than X–X bond in halogens except F–F
bond.

Interhalogen compounds are very useful fluorinating agents e.g.

ClF3 and BrF3
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