Li

steni
ng
1.A.Themanshoul
dgot
othemuseum byshut
tl
ebus.
2.D.Themanshoul
dhav
est
udi
edf
ort
heexam.
3.A.Anewbui
l
ding.
4.B.Usecomput
eri
nthel
ab.
5.A.Shegotherwat
chwher
ehi
ssi
sterwor
ks.
6.A.Fi
ndouti
fcl
assesar
ecancel
l
ed
7.B.Shei
sspendi
ngal
otoft
imei
nthel
i
brar
y.
8.A.Tr
ytof
ixwhati
swr
ongwi
tht
hecomput
er.
9.B.Shewant
sthemant
ochoosequi
ckl
y.
10.B.Shecanr
etur
ntheCDt
oTom l
ater
.
11.B.Makeanappoi
ntmentatt
hecl
i
nicsoon.
12.C.Lookatot
herapar
tment
sbef
oredeci
ding.
13.D.Hei
snotont
hebasket
bal
lteam.
14.B.Buyt
hegr
eenshi
rt
.
15.C.Thewomani
spl
anni
ngt
ost
artanewj
ob.
16.D.Seeapl
aywi
thheraunt
.
17.C.Shet
hinksshewi
l
lnotneedf
inanci
alai
d.
18.B.Thewomandoesnothav
etopayext
raf
ori
t.
19.A.Asmal
ltowncanhav
enegat
ivequal
i
ties.
20.D.Hewi
l
lnotabl
etocoor
dinat
ethepr
ogr
am agai
n.
21.C.Hei
slat
eforanappoi
ntmentwi
tht
hemanandwoman.
22.B.Shecangett
hemat
eri
alst
heygav
eoutatt
hemeet
ing.
23.A.Hepr
obabl
ywi
l
lnotabl
etof
oll
owt
hepr
ofessor
’sadv
ice.
24.B.Hedoubt
sthatt
het
heat
ergr
oupwi
l
lper
for
m amusi
cal
nexty
ear
.
25.C.Hewant
sanappar
tmentnearhi
swor
k.
26.D.Theel
ect
ionswoul
dbehel
dlat
er.
27.A.Hedi
dnotr
ecommendt
hel
ect
ure.
28.D.Shei
ntendst
ogoseet
hemov
ie.
29.C.Way
sshoul
dhef
oundt
ousel
esswat
er.
 30.C.Thenewmanual
hasnotbeencompl
etedy
et.
31.C.Thecl
assr
eadi
ngl
i
st.
32.D.Themai
nchar
act
erget
sint
otr
oubl
e.
33.A.SomeBr
it
ishr
evi
ewer
swr
otef
avor
abl
yabouti
t.
34.C.Phasesofl
anguagedev
elopmenti
nyoungchi
l
dren.
35.C.Theyar
eamongt
hef
ir
stsoundsbabi
esmake.
36.A.Thei
rvoi
ceboxi
snotposi
ti
onedcor
rect
lyy
et.
37.D.Whenchi
l
drenl
eart
oassoci
atesoundswi
thmeani
ng.
38.B.Howchi
l
drenar
eabl
etol
ear
nlanguage.
39.B.Communi
cat
ionov
erl
ongdi
stancesi
nNor
thAmer
ica.
40.C.Thef
eesofsev
eral
cour
ier
swer
eincl
udedi
nthechar
ge.
41.D.Af
uner
al.
42.C.At
tract
ingbi
rds.
43.B.Theyl
i
ket
oeatt
hem.
44.D.Theyar
ebakedi
ntheov
en.
45.A.I
tmakest
hecl
eanandf
reeofger
ms.
46.C.Shecol
l
ect
sbi
rdsnest
s.
47.A.Howt
opr
eventl
andsl
i
desi
npopul
atedar
eas.
48.B.Theycanr
eveal
unsaf
econdi
ti
onsf
orbui
l
ding.
49.B.I
thel
pskeept
hesoi
li
npl
ace.
50.D.Awal
lthatst
opswat
erf
rom dr
aini
ng.

St
ruct
ure
1.Thetonguecanmoveandpl
ayav
ital
rol
einchewi
ng,
…..
…,andspeaki
ng.
a.to b.swal
l
owing
c.for d.of

2.Insteadofbei
nghousedi
nonecent
ral
bank,
theFeder
alReser
veSy
stem i
sto….
.int
otwel
ve
distr
icts.
a.dividing b.di
vi
ded
c.divisi
on d.di
vi
des

3.Thosespeci
esar
ecult
ivat
edf
ort
hei
r…….
fol
l
age.
a.beaut
if
ull
y b.beau
c.beaut
y d.beaut
if
ul

4.Kiwibirdsmainlyeatinsects,
worms,
andsnai
l
sand…….Fort
hei
rfoodbypr
obi
ngt
hegr
ound
withtheirlongbi
l
ls.
a.searching b.searches
c.searched d.search

5.Hefoundedt
hatci
tyi
n1685,
and….
.qui
ckl
ygr
ewt
obet
hel
argestci
tyi
ncol
oni
alAmer
ica.
a.he b.i
t
c.i
t d.we

6.Fewerpeopl
eresi
deinNewfoundl
andthani
n……Canadi
anpr
ovi
nceexceptPr
inceEdwar
d
Isl
and.
a.other b.oneanot
her
c.anyother d.ot
her
s

7.Dr.Bethune,t
hefounderofBethune-
CookmanCol
l
ege,
ser
vedas…….
tobot
hFr
ankl
i
nRosev
elt
andHar r
yTr uman.
a.advi
se b.advi
sed
c.anadvisor d.advi
sing

8.Somepl ant
spr
oduse…………poisonst
hatcanaf
fectaper
sonev
eni
fheorshemer
elybr
ushes
agai
nstthem.
a.i
rri
tati
ng b.i
rr
it
ated
c.i
rri
tabi
li
ty d.i
rr
it
ati
on

9.Accut ehear
inghel
psmostani mal
ssenset
heappr
oachoft
hunder
stor
msl
ongbef
ore
people….
a.hearingthem b.do
c.dot hem c.hear

10.Ther ot
ati
onoftheEarthonit
saxi
sis…….
theal
ter
nat
ionofper
iodsofl
i
ghtanddar
kness.
a.responsi
blein b.r
esponsi
blef
or
c.r
esponsiblewith d.responsi
blet
o

11.Doctorsar enotsure……fever
a.exactl
yhowdi seasecauses
b.diseasesexact l
ycauseshow
c.howdi seasecausesexact l
y
d.howexact lycausesdisease

12.……….Bur
mesebr
eedofcatwasdev
elopedi
ntheUSdur
ingt
he1930’
s.
a.The b.Whent
he
c.Whil
ethe d.Si
ncet
he

13.Al
ongtherockyshor
esofNewEngl and………andt
idal
mar
sh.
a.ar
ewherestret
chesofsandybeach
b.st
ret
chesofsandyarether
e
c.ar
estret
chesofsandybeach
d.st
ret
chesofsandybeachare

14.li
nawasnomi
nat
edforanawardasbot
hascr
eenwr
it
er…….
.anact
ressi
n2009.
a.al
so b.i
naddit
ion
c.and d.but

15.Anerupti
ngvol
canosomet
imesaff
ect
s……oft
hesur
roundi
ngr
egi
onandcanev
encause
l
akestodisappear
.
a.feat
ure b.t
hef
eatur
ed
c.feat
uri
ng d.t
hef
eatur
e

16.mosttreefrogschangecol
ort
ohar
moni
ze…………
a.tot
heirbackground
b.wit
htheirbackground
c.onthei
rbackground
d.i
nbackgr oundofthem

17.duet
other
efr
acti
onofl i
ghtr
ays,….I
simpossi
blef
ort
henakedey
etodet
ermi
net
heexact
l
ocati
onofast
arcl
oset othehor
izon.
a.i
t b.thi
s
c.t
hat d.ther
e

18.Modernpoetshaveexper
iment
edwi
thpoet
icdev
ices………….
.andassonance.
a.assuchall
i
terat
ion
b.suchasall
it
erat
ion
c.suchall
i
ter
ati
onas
d.all
i
ter
ati
onsuchas

19.Bi
rds’
eggsv
arygr
eat
ly…….
size,
shape,
andcol
or.
a.wit
h b.of
c.at d.i
n

20.Fr
edri
ckdedicated……….ofsl
aver
yandthef
ightf
orci
vi
lri
ght
s.
a.hi
sli
fetoworkt heaboli
shment
b.hi
sli
fetoworkingfortheabol
ishment
c.hi
sli
fetoworkt oabol
ish
d.hi
sli
fetoworkinginaboli
sh

21.MountEdithCavell
,apeaki
ntheCanadi
anRocki
es,
isnamed……
a.afamousaf t
ernurses
b.aft
erafamousnur se
c.nursesaf
terafamous
d.aft
erfamousnurses

22.Xant
hineshaveboth
Goodandbadef f
ectsonthebody
,andt
heseef
fect
s….
.t
hesi
zeandr
egul
ari
tyofdosage.
a.ar
egenerall
ydeter
minedby
b.ar
egener
all
ydet
ermi
nedon
c.ar
egener
all
ydet
ermi
nedi
n
d.ar
egener
all
ydet
ermi
nedwit
h

23.whenasever
eankl
einjur
yfor
ced….
togi
veupr
epor
ti
ngi
n1926,
M.Mi
tchel
lbeganwr
it
ingher
novelGonewi
ththewi
nd.
a.her
self b.her
c.her
s d.she

24.oneoft
hemostdi
ff
icul
tquest
ionsi
ndi
fi
ningsl
eepi
s“what
……t
hef
unct
ionsofsl
eep?
”
a.i
s b.has
c.have d.are

25.themuseum houses…. .
ofv
ari
ousobj
ect
sdocument
ingt
hev
ibr
ancyoft
hecul
tur
es.
a.fi
vet housandspieces
b.piecesfivethousands
c.fi
vet housandpieces
d.thousandsf i
vepieces

26.…….i
nt hesamedirect
ionast
hei
ror
bit
almot
ions,
whi
l
eVenusandUr
anusr
otat
eopposi
tel
y.
a.sevenofplanet
srotate
b.sevenplanetsr
otate
c.sev
enr otat
eofplanets
d.sevenrotat
eplanets

27.intheUS…. .tot henat ionallegi

slat
urecompr
isi
ngt
hehouseofRepr
esent
ati
vesandt
he
Senate.
a.voterselectrepresent atives
b.representati
vesel ectv oters
c.electrepresentativesv oters
d.voterselecti
onr epr esentati
ve

28.i
tistheint
eract
ionbet weenpeopl
e,r
athert
hant
heev
ent
sthatoccuri
nthei
rli
ves,
……t
he
mainfocusofsocialpsychology.
a.whi
char e b.thatare
c.whi
chi s d.thatis

29.Today
…..f
ewert
hanonehundr
edv
ari
eti
escul
ti
vat
edf
lower
s.
a.are b.hav
e
c.ther
eare d.hav
ether
e

30.……. someoft hefamousdet

ect
ivesi
nli
ter
atur
ear
ebasedondeduct
iver
easoni
ng.
a.met hodsuseby
b.theyusedmet hods
c.themet hodol
ogyused
d.usingt hemethodsof

31.t
heshor
tst
orymostnat
ural
l
yfl
our
ishesi
nanage….
.wi
thsi
mpl
i
cit
yanddi
rect
ness.
a.whatitexpresses
b.t
hatexpressesi t
sel
f
c.whichexpressing
d.i
tisexpressed

32.Navalcartogr
aphers’
knowl edgeofsurf
aceoceancur
rent
sismuchmor
e
complete…….subsur
facecurrents.
a.than b.thanin
c.t
hant hoseof d.thant
hatof

33.Unl
essexposedt
oli
ght….
plantcel
l
sdonotpr
oducechl
orophy
ll
.
a.mostof b.t
hemostof
c.t
hemost d.most

34.Temperatur
elevel
sinanov
enar
evar
iedaccor
dingt
otheki
ndsof
…
a.arefoodsbaked
b.foodstobebaked
c.arebakedfoods
d.foodsarebaki
ng

35.thethreemostcommonstat
esofmat
terar
e….
a.soli
dit
y,li
qui
d,andgas
b.soli
d,l
iquefy,
andgas
c.soli
dit
y,li
qui
date,
andgas
d.soli
d,l
iquid,
andgas

36.thesnowyegr
eti
saboutthesi
ze….
.cr
ow
a.l
arge b.ofalar
ge
c.oflar
ge d.alar
ge

37.ithasbeenfoundthatchroni
cloudnoi
semayl
eadt
o….
hear
ingl
oss
a.temporaryorpermanentl
y
b.temporari
lyorpermanent
c.t
empor ar
ilyorpermanent
ly
d.temporaryorpermanent

38.withmodernmachi ner
y,t
ext
il
emi
l
lscanmanuf
act
ureasmuchf
abr
ici
naf
ewseconds
as…..
weeksopr oducebyhands
a.worker
soncet ookit
b.tookworker
si tonce
c.i
ttookoncewor kers
d.i
toncetookwor kers

39.Nor manMai l
ersfi
rst
….wi
thhi
swarnov
elTheNakedandTheDead,
publ
i
shedi
n1948.
a.Successful
lyachiev
ed
b.achievedsuccess
c.successfulachi
evement
d.achievementofsuccess
40.Throught heyears,
thej
obofgov
erni
ngci
ti
eshasbecome….
.compl
ex.
a.somuchi ncr
easingl
y
b.incr
easinglywhole
c.i
ncreasi
ngl y
d.whatisincreasi
ngly

Readi
ng

Whenweacceptt heev idenceofourunai dedey esanddescr i

bet heSunasa
yell
owst ar,wehav esummedupt hemosti mpor tantsinglefactaboutit-atthismoment
i
nt i
me.
Itappear sprobable,
howev er,thatsunl ightwillbethecol orweknowf oronlya
negli
giblysmal lpartoftheSun' shi story .Stars,l
ikeindivi
duals,ageandchange.Aswe
l
ookouti ntospace, Weseear oundusst arsatallstagesofev olut
ion.Ther ear efai
nt
blood-reddwar fssocool thatt heirsur facet emper atureisamer e4,000degr ees
Fahrenhei t
,thereareseari
ngghost sbl azi ngat100, 000degr eesFahr enheitandal most
toohott obeseen, f
orthegr eatpar toft heirradiati
oni sintheinvi
sibleultravi
oletrange.
Obv i
ously,the"dayli
ght"producedbyanyst ardependsoni t
stemper ature;today(andfor
agest ocome)ourSuni satabout10, 000degr eesFahr enheit,
andt hi
smeanst hatmost
oftheSun'slightisconcentratedintheyel
lowbandoft hespectrum,fal
li
ngslowlyi
n
i
ntensit
ytowar dbot hthelongerandshorterli
ghtwaves.
Thatyell
ow" hump"wi l
lshif
tastheSunev olves,
andthelightofdaywi l
lchange
accordi
ngly.I
ti snaturalt
oassumet hatast heSungrowsol der,
andusesupi ts
hydrogenfuel-whichitisnowdoi ngatthespankingr
ateofhal fabil
l
iontonsasecond-
i
twi l
lbecomest eadi
lycolderandredder.

1.Whatist
hepassagemainl
yabout
?
(A)Fai
ntdwarfst
ars (
B)Theevol
uti
onar
ycycl
eoftheSun
(C)TheSun'
sfuelpr
obl
em (
D)Thedanger
sofinv
isi
bler
adi
ati
on
2.Whatdoest
heauthorsayi
sespeci
all
yimpor
tantabouttheSunatt
hepresentti
me?
(A)I
tappear
syell
ow (
B)Italway
sremainst
hesame
(C)I
thasashorthi
stor
y (D)Iti
stoocol
d
3.Whyareveryhotstar
sr efer
redt
oas"
ghost
s"?
(A)Theyareshort
-lived. (
B)Theyar
e
mysteri
ous.
(C)Theyarefri
ghtening. (
D)Theyar
enear
ly
i
nvisi
ble.
4.Accordi
ngtot
hepassageastheSuncont
inuest
oage,i
tisl
i
kel
ytobecomewhatcol
or?
(
A)Yell
ow (B)Viol
et (
C)Red (
D)Whi
te
5.I
nli
ne15,t
owhi
choft
hef
oll
owingdoes"
it
"ref
er?
(A)y
ell
ow"
hump" (
B)day (
C)Sun (
D)hy
drogenf
uel

Ifby" subur b"ismeantanur banmar ginthatgr owsmor erapidl yt hani tsal r

eady
devel opedi nterior, t
hepr ocessofsubur bani zati
onbegandur ingt heemer genceoft he
i
ndust rialcityint hesecondquar teroft heni neteent hcent ury.Bef or et hatper iodt hecity
wasasmal lhighl ycompactcl usteri nwhi chpeopl emov edaboutonf ootandgoods
wer econv eyedbyhor seandcar t.Butt heear l
yf actor iesbui ltinthe1830' sand1840' s
wer el ocat edal ongwat er waysandnearr ai l
headsatt heedgesofci ties, andhousi ng
wasneededf ort het housandsofpeopl edr awnbyt hepr ospectofempl oyment .I
nt ime,
thef act orieswer esur roundedbypr ol iferat i
ngmi ll
townsofapar tment sandr owhouses
thatabut tedt heol der,mai ncit
ies.Asadef enseagai nstt hisencr oachmentandt o
enlarget heirtaxbases, theciti
esappr opr iatedthei rindust rialneighbor s.In1854, for
exampl e, theci t
yofPhi l
adelphiaannexedmostofPhi ladel phiaCount y.Si milar
muni ci pal maneuv erstookpl acei nChi cagoandi nNewYor kIndeed, mostgr eatci t
ies
oftheUni tedSt at esachi evedsuchst atusonl ybyi ncor por at i
ngt hecommuni tiesal ong
theirbor ders.
Wi ththeaccel erationofindust rial growthcameacut eur bancr owdi ngand
accompany ingsoci alstresscondi ti
onst hatbegant oappr oachdi sast rouspr opor ti
ons
when, in1888, thef i
rstcommer ciall
ysuccessf ul el
ect r ictract i
onl inewasdev eloped.
Withinaf ewy ear st hehor se-dr awnt rolley swer er et i
r edandel ectricst reetcar
networ kscr isscr ossedandconnect edev er ymaj orur banar ea,fost eringawav eof
suburbanizationt
hattransf
ormedthecompactindustr
ialcit
yint
oadisper sed
metropolis.Thisf
irstphaseofmass-scalesuburbani
zat
ionwasr ei
nforcedbythe
simultaneousemer genceoftheurbanMiddl
eclasswhosedesi r
esforhomeowner shi
p
Inneighborhoodsfarf r
om theagi
nginnerci
tyweresati
sfiedbythedevelopersofsi
ngl
e
-f
amilyhousi ngtr
acts.

1.Whi
choft
hefoll
owingi
st hebestt
it
leforthepassage?
(
A)Thegr
owt hofPhi
ladel
phia (
B)TheOr
igi
noftheSubur
b
(
C)TheDevel
opmentofCi t
yTransport
ati
on ( D)TheRi
seoft
heUr banMiddl
eCl
ass
2.Theaut
hormentionst
hatar
easbor
der
ingt
heci
ti
eshav egrownduri
ngper
iodsof
(A)i
ndust
rial
i
zati
on (B)i
nflati
on
(C)r
evi
tal
izat
ion (D)unioni
zati
on
3.I
nli
ne10theword" encr
oachment"r
efer
stowhi
chofthef
ollowi
ng?
(A)Thesmellofthefact
ori
es (
B)Thegrowthofmill
towns
(C)Thedev
elopmentofwat er
ways (
D)Thelossofjobs
4.Whichoft
hefoll
owingwasNOTment
ionedint
hepassageasaf actori
nni
neteenth-
centur
y
subur
bani
zati
on?
(
A)Cheaperhousi
ng (B)Urbancrowding
(
C)Theadventofanur
banmi
ddl
eclass (D)Theinvent
ionoftheel
ectri
cstreet
car
5.I
tcanbeinfer
redfrom t
hepassaget
hataf
ter1890mostpeopletravel
edar
oundci
ti
esby
(A)aut
omobi l
e (B)cart
(C)hor
se-drawtrol
l
ey (D)elect
ri
cstr
eetcar
6.Whereinthepassagedoest
heaut
hordescr
ibet
hecit
iesastheywer
epr
iort
o
subur
banizat
ion.
(
A)Lines3-5 (
B)Lines5-
9
(
C)Lines12-13 (
D)Lines15-
18

Thef ir stEnglishat t
empt st ocol onizeNor thAmer icawer econt roll
edby
i
ndividualsr at herthancompani es.Si rHumphr eyGi l
bertwast hef i
rstEngl i
shmant o
sendcol oni stst otheNewWor ld.Hi sinitial expedi t
ion,whichsailedi n1578wi t
ha
patentgr ant edbyQueenEl izabet hwasdef eatedbyt heSpanish.Asecondat t
empt
endedi ndi sast erin1583, whenGi l
ber tandhi s
shipwer elosti nast orm.I nthef ollowi ngy ear , Gil
bert'
shalfbrother,Si rWat erRal ei
gh,
havingobt ai nedar enewal ofthepat ent ,sponsor edanexpedi tionthatexpl oredthe
coastoft her egiont hathenamed" Virginia."UnderRal eigh'
sdi r
ectionef f
ortswer et hen
madet oest abl i
shacol onyonRoanokei slandi n1585an61587.Thesur vi
v orsoft he
fi
rstsettlementonRoanoker etur nedt oEngl andi n1586, butthesecondgr oupof
colonistsdi sappear edwi thoutl eavingat race.Thef ail
ureoftheGi lbertandRal eigh
venturesmadei tcl
eart hatthet askst heyhadunder takenwer etoobi gf oranyone
colonizer.Wi t
hinashor tti
met het radingcompanyhadsuppl antedt hei ndividual
promot erofcol onization.
1.Whi
choft
hef ol
lowingwoul dbet hemostappropr
iat
eti
tl
efort
hepassage?
(
A)TheRegul at
ionofTr adingCompanies
(
B)Bri
ti
sh-Spani shRivalryintheNewWor l
d
(
C)Earl
yAt t
empt satCol onizi
ngNort
hAmer i
ca
(
D)RoyalPatentsIssuedi nthe16thCent
ury
2.Thepassagest
ateswhichofthefol
lowingaboutt
hef i
rstEngl
i
shpeopl
etobei
nvol
vedi
n
est
abl
ishi
ngcol
oniesinNorthAmerica?
(A)Theywererequest
edt odosobyQueenEl i
zabeth.
(B)Theyweremember soflar
get r
adingcompani
es.
(C)Theywereimmediatel
ysuccessful.
(D)Theywereacti
ngont hei
rown.
3.Accordi
ngt
othepassage,whi
chofthefol
l
owingst
atement
saboutSi
rHumphr
eyGi
l
ber
tis
t
rue?
(
A)Heneversett
ledi
nNort
hAmer i
ca.
(
B)Hist
radi
ngcompanywasgi v
enapatentbyt
hequeen.
(
C)HefoughttheSpani
sht
wice.
(
D)Hediedin1587.
4.WhendidSi
rWal
terRal
eigh'
sini
ti
alexpedi
ti
onsetoutf
orNor
thAmer
ica?
(A)1577 (B)1579 (
C)1582 (
D)1584
5.Whichoft
hefoll
owingcanbeinferr
edfrom t
hepassageaboutmembersoft hef
ir
stRoanoke
set
tl
ement?
(A)Theyexpl
oredtheent
ir
ecoast al
regi
on. ( B)Somedidnotsurvi
ve.
(C)Theynamedt hear
ea"Vir
gini
a". (D)Mostwerenotexperi
encedsai
l
ors.
6.Accordi
ngt
othepassage,
thefi
rstEngl
i
shset
tl
ementonRoanokeI
slandwasest
abl
i
shedi
n
(
A)1578 (B)1583 (
C)1585 (
D)1587
7.Accordi
ngt othepassage, whichof ;
thefol
l
owingstat
ement
saboutt
hesecondset
tl
ementon
RoanokeIslandistrue?
(
A)Itsset t
ler
sallgaveupandr etur
nedtoEngl
and.
(
B)Itlastedforsev er
alyears.
(
C)Thef ateofitsinhabit
ant si
sunknown.
(
D)Itwasconquer edbyt heSpanish.

Botany
,the study ofplant
s,occupies a peculi
arposit
ion i
nt he hist
ory ofhuman
knowl
edge.Formanyt housandsofy earsitwast heonef i
eldofawar enessaboutwhi ch
humanshadanythingmor ethanthevaguestofinsights.I
tisi
mpossibletoknow t odayj
ust
whatourStoneAgeancest orsknew aboutplants,butf r
om whatwecanobser veofpr e-
i
ndustri
alsociet
iest hatstil
lexist,adet ai
ledl ear
ningofplantsandt heirpropert
iesmustbe
extr
emelyancient.Thisislogical.Plantsarethebasi softhefoodpy r
ami dforallli
vingt
hings,
evenforotherplants.Theyhav eal way sbeenenor mouslyimport
anttot hewelfareofpeoples,
notonlyforfood,butal sof orclothing,weapons,t ool
s,dyes:medici
nes,shelter
,andagr eat
manyot herpurposes.Tr i
besl i
vingt odayi nt hejungl
esoft heAmazonr ecognizeli
teral
ly
hundredsofplantsandknowmanypr oper
tiesofeach.Tot hem bot
any ,assuch,hasnoname
andisprobabl
ynotev enrecognizedasaspeci albr
anchof"Knowledgeatal l
.
Unf ortunatel
y,themor eindust r
ial
izedwebecomet hefartherawaywemov efrom di rect
contactwi t
hpl ant
s,andt helessdi stinctourknowl edgeofbot anygrows.Yetev ery
onecomes
unconsci ouslyonanamazi ngamountofbot ani
calknowl edge,andf ew peopl ewi llfailt o
recogni zear ose,anappl e,oranor chid.WhenourNeol it
hicancestors,l
ivi
ngi ntheMi ddleEast
about10, 000y earsago,di scov eredt hatcer t
aingr assescoul dbehar vestedandt heirseeds
plantedf orricheryi
eldst henextseason,t hefir
stgr eatstepinanewassoci at i
onofpl antsand
humanswast aken.Gr ainswer edi scoveredandf rom them flowedt hemar velofagr i
cultur e:
culti
vatedcr ops.From t henon,humanswoul dincreasinglyt
aket hei
rlivi
ngf rom thecont rolled
product ionofaf ewpl ants,rathert hanget ti
ngal it
tlehereandal i
tt
letherefrom manyv arieties
thatgr ewwi l
d–andt heaccumul at edknowl edge' oftensoft housandsofy earsofexper ience
andi ntimacywi thplantsinthewi l
dwoul dbegint ofadeaway .

1.Whi
chofthefol
lowi
ngassumpt ionsaboutearlyhumansi sexpressedi
nthepassage?
(
A)Theyprobablyhadextensiveknowledgeofplants.
(
B)Theythoughtther
ewasnoneedt ocul t
ivat
ecrops.
(
C)Theydidnotenjoythestudyofbotany.
(
D)Theyplacedgreati
mpor t
anceont heowner shi
pofpr opert
y.
2.Whatdoesthecomment" Thisisl
ogical"i
nli
ne6mean?
(A)Thereisnoclearwayt odeter
mi netheext
entofourancestor’
sknowledgeofpl
ant
s.
(B)Iti
snotsurprisi
ngthatearl
yhumanshadadet ai
l
edknowl edgeofplant
s.
(C)Iti
sreasonabletoassumet hatourancest
orsbehavedverymuchl i
kepeoplei
n
prei
ndustr
ialsociet
ies.
(D)Humanknowl edgeofplant
siswel lor
gani
zedandverydetail
ed.
3.Accordi
ngtothepassage,whyhasgener alknowledgeofbot anybeguntofade?
(
A)Peoplenolongervalueplantsasauseful r
esource.
(
B)Botanyisnotrecognizedasaspecialbranchofscience.
(
C)Researchisunabletokeepupwi ththeincreasi
ngnumber sofplant
s.
(
D)Directcont
actwithav ari
etyofpl
antshasdecr eased.
4.I
nli
ne16,whatistheaut hor
’spurposeinment i
oning"arose,anappl
e,oranor
chi
d"?
(A)Tomaket hepassagemor epoetic
(B)Toci
teexampl esofplantsthatareat tr
acti
ve
(C)Togivebotanical
examplest hatallreader
swi l
lrecognize
(D)Toil
l
ustratethediver
sit
yofbot anicalli
fe
5.Accordi
ngt
ot hepassage,whatwasthefir
stgreatsteptowar
dthepract
iceofagr
icul
tur
e?
(
A)Theinventi
onofagricul
tur
ali
mplementsandmachi ner
y
(
B)Thedev el
opmentofasy st
em ofnamesf orplant
s
(
C)Thediscoveryofgr
assesthatcoul
dbehar vestedandr
eplant
ed
 (
D)Thechangi
ngdi
etsofear
lyhumans
6.Therel
ati
onshi
pbetweenbotanyandagr
icul
tur
eissi
milartotherel
ati
onshi
pbet
ween
zool
ogy(t
hestudyofani
mals)and
(
A)deerhunt
ing (B)bi
rdwat chi
ng
(
C)sheeprai
sing (D)horsebackri
ding
7.Inwhichli
nesi
nthepassagedoest
heaut
hordescri
bet
hebenef
ici
alpr
oper
ti
est
hatpl
ant
s
haveforhumans?
(
A)Lines1-
2 (
B)Li
nes7-
9
(
C)Lines11-
12 (
D)Li
nes14-
16

Theagricul
tural rev
olut
ionint henineteenthcent ur
yinvol
vedtwothings:the
i
nventionofl
abor -sav i
ngmachi neryand.thedev el
opmentofscienti
fi
cagr i
cult
ure.
Labor-sayi
ngmachi nery,
naturall
yappear ed,f
irstwher el
aborwas8carce."InEurope,
"
sai
d,ThomasJef f erson,theobjectistomaket hemostof :t
hei
rland,l
aborbeing
abundant;
.hereit
, istomaket hemostofourl abor,landbeingabundant.I
twasi n
America,t
herefore,thatthegr eatadvancesi nnineteenth-cent
uryagri
cultur
al
machineryfi
rstcame.
Attheopeni ngoft hecent ury,witht heexcept ionofacrudeplowf armerscould
havecar r
iedpr acticall
yalloftheexi sti
ngagr i
culturalimpl
ementont heirbacks;by1860,
mostoft hemachi ner yinuset odayhadbeendesi gnedinanear l
yform.Themost
i
mpor tantoft heear lyinventi
onswast hei ronpl ow.Asear l
yas1790Char i
esNewbol d
ofNewJer seyhadbeenwor ki
ngont heofacast–i ronplow andspenthi sent
ire
fort
uneini ntr
oduci nghi sinvention.Thef armer s,howev er
,wouldhav enoneofit,
clai
mingt hatthei ronpoi sonedt hesoil andmadet heweedsgr ow.Neverthel
ess,many
peopledev otedt heirattenti
ont othepl ow, unti
l i
n1869JamesOl i
verofSouthBend,
Indi
ana,turnedoutt hef ir
stchil
led-steel plow.
1.Whatist
hemai ntopicofthepassage?
(A)Theneedf oragri
cultur
aladvancestohel
pf eedagrowingpopul
ati
on
(B)Thedevelopmentofsaf ermachinesdemandedbyt helabormovement
(C)Machi
neryt hatcontri
butedtotheagri
cul
turalr
evol
uti
on
(D)NewJerseyasal eaderintheagri
cul
tur
alrevol
uti
on
2.Theword"natur
all
y"asusedinl
ine3isclosesti
nmeaningt
owhichoft
hefol
lowing?
(A)Graduall
y (
B)Unsur
prisi
ngly (
C)Appar
ent
ly (
D)Safely
3.Theexpr
ession"makethemostof
"inl
i
ne4i
scl
osesti
nmeaningt
owhichoft
hef
oll
owi
ng?
(A)Getthebestyi
eldfr
om (
B)Raiset
hepri
ceof
(C)Exaggerat
etheworthof (
D)Earnali
vi
ngon
4.Whi
choft
hefol
l
owingcanbei nfer
redfrom whatThomasJef
fersonsai
d?
(
A)Eur
opewaschangi ngmorequicklyt
hanAmer ica.
(
B)Eur
opehadgreaterneedoffar
m machinerythanAmer
icadid.
(
C)Ameri
cawasfinall
yrunni
ngoutofgoodf armland.
 (
D)Ther
ewasashor
tageofwor
ker
sonAmer
icanf
arms.
5.I
tcanbeinf
err
edt
hatt
heword"
her
e'inl
i
ne4r
efer
sto
(A)Eur
ope (
B)Ameri
ca (
C)NewJer
sey (
D)I
ndi
ana
6.Whatpointistheauthormaki ngbystatingthatfarmerscoul
dcarr
ynear
lyal
lthei
rtool
sOn
t
hei
rbacks?
(A)Farmer shadfewt oolsbeforetheagricult
ural
revol
uti
on.
(B)Amer icansweretradit
ional
lyself-rel
iant.
(C)Li
f eont hefar
m wasext remelydiff
icult.
(D)Newt ool sweredesignedtobepor table.
7.WhydidfarmersrejectNewbol
d'spl
ow?
(A)Theirhor
seswer efri
ght
enedbyi
t. (
B)Theypr
efer
redl
i
ght
ertool
s.
(C)Itwastooexpensive. (D)Theythoughti
t
wouldrui
nt heland.

Itwasnot" thecometoft hecent ur yexper tspr edictedi tmi ghtbe.Nev ertheless,

Kohout ekhadpr ov i
dedabonanzaofsci ent if
icinformat i
on.I twasf i
rstspot t
ed370
milli
onmi lesf r
om Ear th,byanast ronomerwhowassear chingt heskyf orast eroids,
andaf terwhom t hecometwasnamed.Sci ent i
stswhot rackedKohout ekt het en
mont hsbef oreitpassedt heEarthpr edi ctedt hecometwoul dbeabr ill
iantspect acle.
ButKohout ekfellshor toft hesepredi ctions, disappoi ntingmi l
li
onsofamat eursky
wat cher s, wheni tpr ov edtoopal etobeseenwi ththeunai dedey e.Resear cher swer e
delightednonet helesswi ththenev iinfor mat i
ont heywer eabl etogl eanf rom t heir
i
nv est i
gat ionoft hecomet .Perhapst hemostsi gnificantdi scover ywast he
i
dent ifi
cat i
onoft woi mpor t
antchemi cal compounds- met hy lcyanideandhy dr ogen
cyani de-nev erbeforeseeni ncomet s, butf oundi nt hef arreachesofi nterstellarspace.
Thisdi scov eryrev ealednewcl uesaboutt heor iginofcomet s.Mostast ronomer sagree
thatcomet sar epr imor dialremnant sf rom t hef ormat ionoft hesol arsy stem, but
whet hert heywer ebor nbet weenJupi terandNept uneormuchf artheroutt owar d
i
nter stellarspacehasbeent hesubj ectofmuchdebat e.Ifcompoundsnomor ecompl ex
thanammoni aandmet hane,keycomponent sofJupi ter,wer eseeni ncomet s, i
twoul d
suggestt hatcomet sf or m wit
hinthepl anet aryorbits.Butmor ecompl excompounds
suchast hemet hy lcy anidefoundi nKohout ek, pointtof ormat ionf arbey ondt hepl anets
theret hedeepf reezeofspacehaskeptt hem unchanged.

1.Whatist
hesubjectofthepassage?
(A)Whatwasl ear
nedfrom Kohout
ek (
B)Whatwasdi
sappoi
nti
ngabout
Kohout
ek
(C)WhereKohoutekwasspot t
ed (
D)HowKohout
ekwast
racked
2.WhywasKohout
ekr
efer
redt
oas"
thecometoft
hecent
ury
"?
 (
A)I
twast houghtt
obeext r
emelyol
d.
(
B)I
tpassestheEarthonceacentur
y .
(
C)Sci
enti
stspredi
ctedi
twouldbev er
ybr
ight.
(
D)Sci
enti
stshavebeentracki
ngitf
oracentur
y.
3.I
nwhatrespectwasKohout ekadisappointment ?
(
A)Itcouldbeseenonl yt hr
oughspeci al equi
pment.
(
B)Itdidnotapproacht heEarth.
(
C)Itdidnotprovi
dev aluablesci
entif
ici nformat
ion.
(
D)Itwasmov ingtoor apidl
yforscientiststophotogr
aph.
4.Bef
oretheinv
esti
gat
ionofKohoutek,
wher
ehadmethy
lcyanidebeenknowntoexi
st?
(A)I
ncomet s (
B)Onast eroi
ds
(C)BetweenJupi
terandNeptune (
D)Beyondt heEar
th'
ssol
arsyst
em
5.Accordi
ngtothepassage,
whati
sonemaj
orcomponentofJupit
er?
(
A)Hy dr
ogencyani
de (B)Methylcyani
de
(
C)Hy dr
ogen (D)Ammoni a
6.WhataspectofKohout
ekdi
dsci
ent
ist
sfi
ndmosti
nter
esti
ng?
(A)It
sshape (
B)Itscomposi
ti
on
(C)It
sorbit (
D)Itssi
ze
7.Whi
choft
hefol
lowingquest
ionsisbestanswer
edbyi
nfor
mati
ongainedfrom Kohout
ek?
(
A)Wherewerecometsformed? (
B)Whenwer
ecomet sformed?
(
C)Whenwast hesol
arsystem f
ormed? (
D)Howwasthesolarsyst
em formed?