Pre Examination Training for SC/ST and Minority Candidates: English- Set 1

S.N Question Choice A Choice B Choice C Choice D Choice E Ans Explanation

Directions (Q1-5): Read the following passage and answer the following questions based on the given passage.
Anger is a primal and destructive emotion, disrupting rational discourse and inflaming illogical passions — or so it often seems. Then again, anger also has its upsides. Expressing anger, for example, is
known to be a useful tool in negotiations. Indeed, in the past few years, researchers have been learning more about when and how to deploy anger productively.

When cooperating, hostility seems inappropriate, and when competing, additional heat only flares tempers. But in between, anger appears to send a strategically useful signal.

What does that signal communicate? According to a 2009 paper in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, anger evolved to help us express that we feel undervalued. Showing anger signals to
others that if we don’t get our due, we’ll exert harm or withhold benefits. As they anticipated, the researchers found that strong men and attractive women — those who have historically had the most
leverage in threatening harm and conferring benefits, respectively — were most prone to anger.

However, faking anger, compared with playing it cool, leads a negotiation partner to see you as less trustworthy, and actually increases his demands on you.

There are other important caveats. While expressions of anger can elicit compromises, they can also lead to covert retaliation. In two experiments, negotiators overtly made concessions when
opponents expressed anger but, evidently feeling mistreated, covertly sabotaged their opponents afterward.

Anger also works better in negotiations when it’s directed at an offer rather than at the person making the offer, according to a 2011 article in the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. Expressing
anger when you’re in a position of low power merely irritates your opponent and leads to a backlash. If you have less power than your opponent, they found, showing disappointment is a better strategy
than expressing anger, as it can induce feelings of guilt in your opponent.

Expressing anger can sometimes benefit all the parties involved, not just one of them, by clarifying boundaries, needs and concerns. Think of the loved one who doesn’t realize how strongly you feel
about the relationship until you express feelings of frustration with it. Anger is more likely to lead to such mutually positive outcomes when it is low in intensity; expressed verbally rather than physically;
and takes place in an organization that considers it appropriate, like a labour union or a university athletic department.

Finally, anger can also motivate large-scale political progress. Researchers reported in the Journal of Conflict Resolution in 2011 that among Israeli Jews, inducing anger at Palestinians increased their
desire to make necessary compromises in upcoming peace talks — as long as the attitudes of the Israelis toward Palestinians were not hateful. So, while some angry people may try to remedy a
frustrating situation with aggression, others — even those who are just as angry — may funnel their anger into less antagonistic solutions.

We tend to associate anger with the loss of control, but anger has clear applications and obeys distinct rules. It may be blunt, but it has its own particular logic. And used judiciously, it can get us better
deals, galvanize coalitions and improve all our lives.

1 Which of the following is a suitable Controlling Homage to Rein In the The Rationality of How to Deal with D The passage talks of how anger obeys
title for the passage? Anger- Righteous Anger Rage- Anger Anger Angry People distinct rules and has its own logic.
Before It Thwarts Option D captures this well; so it is the
Controls Negotiations most appropriate title for the passage.
You
2 In which of the following cases
does anger lead to positive results,
according to the passage?
i. In a competition, where it stokes
passion
ii. In negotiations where there is an
imbalance of power
iii. In a labour union, where it is
considered appropriate
Only (i) Only (i) and (ii) Only (ii) and Only (iii) All of the above D (i) is incorrect: "....when competing,
(iii) additional heat only flares tempers..."
(paragraph 2)(ii) is also incorrect:
"Expressing anger when you’re in a
position of low power merely irritates
your opponent and leads to a
backlash.." (paragraph 5)Whereas,
(iii)is correct: "Anger is more likely to
lead to such mutually positive
outcomes when it is low in intensity;
expressed verbally rather than
physically; and takes place in an
organization that considers it
appropriate, like a labour union or a
university athletic department."

3 Which of the following is NOT TRUE Anger Faking anger Anger that is Expressing Judicious use of E E is incorrect- judicious use of anger
according to the passage? works reduces low in intensity disappointment anger works in does not work in ALL personal
better when negotiating produces works better than all personal interactions.
addressed power better results anger when you interactions
at the offer than rage have less power
rather than than your
the person opponent

4 According to the passage, anger Watchful Passionate Undervalued Fatigued Depressed C see paragraph 3
evolved helps humans to express
feeling

5 Choose the word MOST SIMILAR in Features Warnings Scenarios Outcomes Words B Caveat= caution/warning
meaning to “caveats”
 Directions (Q6-10): Given sentences are not in their exact position. Rearrange them to make a coherent paragraph and then answer the questions given below.

A. This is because most consumers think that the dates on the food labels say something about food safety. Of the given sentences, only sentence
B. According to the United Nations Environment Programme, 30 percent of all food produced globally are wasted. B offers a good choice to start the
C. There is an urgent need for concerted action to educate consumers and regulate food labelling in order to reduce this paragraph. We rule out sentences A, D,
colossal wastage of perfectly good, edible food. and E as they start with 'this is', 'but'
D. But most "sell by," "use by" and "best by" dates are intended to indicate freshness, and say nothing about when food may and 'this waste'--all of which require
spoil. E. explanation beforehand. Sentence C
This waste is particularly concentrated at the end of the production chain, as both retailers and consumers trash safe to eat cannot be the first sentence of the
items. paragraph as it says that consumer
education and regulation of food
labelling is needed to reduce "this
colossal wastage”. The word 'this' here
6 Which of the following should be A B C D E D
indicates that the wastage should have
the FOURTH sentence after
been referred to in an earlier sentence.
rearrangement?
So the first sentence of the paragraph
is sentence B.
7 Which of the following should be A B C D E A Now, what comes after sentence B?
the THIRD sentence after We have three choices- sentence A,
rearrangement? which reasons that most consumers
think dates on food labels say
something about safety, sentence C,
8 Which of the following should be A B C D E B
which offers solutions to reduce "this
the FIRST sentence after
colossal wastage" and sentence E,
rearrangement?
9 Which of the following should be A B C D E C which tells us where the waste is
the FIFTH(LAST) sentence after particularly concentrated.
rearrangement? So before we make a choice, let us
consider the other sentences. Sentence
A says that most consumers think that
the dates on food labels relates to food
safety. Sentence D argues that most
"sell by," "use by" and "best by" dates
say nothing about when food may
spoil. It is clear D follows A. Since the
idea discussed here is the lack of
consumer clarity on dates in food
labels, sentence C, which talks of the
urgent need for concerted action to

10 Which of the following should be
the SECOND sentence after
rearrangement?
the dates on food labels relates to food
A B C D E E safety. Sentence D argues that most
"sell by," "use by" and "best by" dates
say nothing about when food may
spoil. It is clear D follows A. Since the
idea discussed here is the lack of
consumer clarity on dates in food
labels, sentence C, which talks of the
urgent need for concerted action to
educate customers and regulate food
labelling, is a good choice to follow
sentence D. So we have the sequence
ADC.
We now see that sentence E fits in best
after sentence B in the paragraph.
So the final sequence is BEADC.

Directions (Q11-15): Read each sentence to find out if there is any error in it. The error, if any will be in one part of the sentence. That part of the sentence is the
answer, if there is no error, the answer is (E).
11 The prediction by(A)/ futurists (B)/ A B C D E D The correct word to use here is 'borne',
that in the 21 st century, humans not 'born'. 'Borne out' means proven or
would be piloting(C)/ flying cars come to pass.
has not born(D)/ out so far. All
correct (E)

12 I was enchanted(A)/ by the A B C D E C The correct usage is moon among the

sight(B)/ of the full moon myriad stars, not 'between'.
between(C)/ the myriad(D)/ stars
in the sky. All correct (E)
13 With LED prices falling rapidly, and A B C D E E The sentence does not have any errors.
they will presumably(A)/ become
popular in poor countries, just as
fluorescent(B)/ lights replaced
power-hogging(C)/
incandescent(D) bulbs./All correct
(E)

14 In the aftermath(A)/ of the A B C D E C Should have said 'triggered'.

financial irregularities(B)/ that
trigger(C)/ the global financial
crisis, U.S. authorities have often
more heavily punished European
banks for the same faulty business
practices(D)/ than their US
competitors./All correct ( E)

15 Even though(A)/ I ask for A B C D E D Should say 'me', not 'myself'.

challenging(B)/ projects, my
supervisor(C)/ never gives them to
myself(D) ./All correct (E)

Directions (16-20) : The phrases highlighted in the sentences given below are grammatically or idiomatically incorrect. Pick out the best suitable option to correct
the sentence.
16 The police band and the armed which will who will be part that will be whose will be part no correction B 'Who' is used to refer to the subject
personnel, whom will be part of be part of of the procession part of the of the procession required whereas 'whom' is used to refer to the
the procession, have completed the procession object of a verb/preposition. 'The
rehearsals and will take centre procession police band and the armed personnel'
stage on Friday. is subject of the sentence, so 'who' is
appropriate here.
17 This year, due to more than have have been has been has affected no correction C Present perfect continuous tense
average rainfall, the chilli crop has adversely adversely adversely adversely required (which describes an action that began
adversely affected affected affected affected in the past, continues in the present,
and may continue into the future) is
appropriate here.

18 There is a high incident of malaria high instant high instances of high incidence high incidences of no correction C incident = something that happened
and dengue in the slums of India. of of required incidence= an event's rate of
occurrence over time

19 Unless you will not complete the Unless you You will not Unless you Unless you will no correction A Unless is a conditional word, so we
work you will not go home. won’t required don’t use 'will' or 'would' in the
subordinate clause that follows.

20 By some estimates, technology of much of as much of the for as much of for most of the no correction B as much as... is the correct usage
products and services account for the world’s world’s carbon the world’s world’s carbon required
much of the world’s carbon carbon emissions as carbon emissions
emissions as the airline industry. emissions emissions as
to

Directions (Q21-25): In each of the following sentences, there are blank spaces. In each option below, there are words which can be used to fill the blanks to make
the sentence grammatically and coherently correct. Find the appropriate words that fit into the blanks contextually

21 Air pollution levels in Delhi have levels, proportions, magnitude, degree, oppress height, hold B As we are talking of pollution levels
reached alarming ________. envelope envelop choke (plural), only levels or proportions can
Schools, expressways and an fit in blank 1. Of these 2, only option
airport remain closed for the (b) is appropriate for blank 2.
second day today as thick polluted
smog continues to _________ the
city.
22 ________ to popular belief, bats similar, contrary, coming, mostly averse, obviously regardless, B contrary = opposite in nature,
are not blind. While they can’t see slightly certainly always direction, or meaning
in color, at night they ________ see certainly = used to indicate that a
better than we do. statement is made as a concession or
contrasted with another

23 The lack of necessary funds for overcomes, induces, guarantees, leads, forecasted created, C guarantees = promise with certainty
investment in science required unfavourable desired expected desired = strongly wished for or
_____________failure; but money intended
alone will not produce the
______________results.

24 Democracies are ________ to resistant, subject, immune, receptive, prone, essential E The 'however' in sentence 2 indicates
change. However, a long-term necessary irrelevant important immaterial that blank 1 has to be filled in with a
predictable and stable policy word that is the opposite of
environment is _________for predictable and stable. So 'subject' and
economic growth. 'prone' are possibilities for blank 1.
However, of these 2, only 'essential'
makes sense in blank 2.

25 The musician’s soulful rendering blow, cord, note, bereft card, enchanted chord, E struck a chord= created an emotional
struck a ___________ with the winded mesmerized spellbound response
audience and left them cord=rope
____________.

Directions (Q26-35): Cloze Test:

Robert Frost is often (1) with the line ‘Poetry is what is lost in translation.’ Anyone passionate about translation recognizes this and most often (2) down to the
impossible task of translating a poem. Ask any Bengali and he cannot imagine reading Tagore in English. The (3) beauty, lyricism, and poignancy of Tagore’s (4) are lost
when spoken in English. The great poet himself (5) this. This is (6) the challenge lies for a translator. Furthermore, (7) to an Indian, whether reading in English or in a
local language, may be (8), might be completely alien to an English-speaking person outside the country. Cultural roots run deep, (9) in us since childhood. It is (10)
possible to take the country out of the person.
26 Choose the word that best fits (1) credited challenged attributed criticized derided A 'Attributed' will be followed by a 'to'.
The only word that fits the blank is
'credited'.

27 Choose the word that best fits (2) submits succeeds bows bogs winds C Bow down to = to show to
someone/something that is more
powerful than you

28 Choose the word that best fits (3) shear sheer sure share shore B Sheer = nothing other than;
unmitigated

29 Choose the word that best fits (4) traditions mission vision commissions renditions E renditions = a performance or
interpretation

30 Choose the word that best fits (5) Supported expected suggested acknowledged doubted D acknowledged = recognized as being
good or important

31 Choose the word that best fits (6) only where undoubtedly what mainly B Where = It points out the problem
with translating poetry
32 Choose the word that best fits (7) everything nothing something what anything D Only "What" makes sense from context

33 Choose the word that best fits (8) obvious doubtful unclear difficult accessible A obvious = easily perceived or
understood
34 Choose the word that best fits (9) indefinite irresolute versatile entrenched reliable D entrenched = firmly established and
difficult or unlikely to change

35 Choose the word that best fits (10) definitely not very always nevertheless B It is "not" possible makes the most
sense from context.
36 What does idiom “cut to the chase” make a hit or injure come to the pursue the game take a break C To cut to the chase is to get to point or
mean? point point to skip to the important part of
something without wasting time on
boring or unimportant details.
37 Idiom “catch -22” refers to a dilemma a prized a new venture a none of these A Originating from a book of the same
possession misunderstanding name, it means a difficult situation
from which there is no escape because
you need to do one thing before doing
a second, and you cannot do the
second thing before doing the first. Or
a dilemma.

38 Find the synonym of the word in spread wreak havoc on engulf overtake deluge B RAVAGE=devastate, ruin, destroy,
the capital letter in the sentence: wreak havoc on, damage. So, Option B
As the second COVID-19 wave is correct.
continues to RAVAGE the country,
it is now clear that universal and
swift vaccination is the only way
out to mitigate the effects of the
pandemic.

39 Find the antonym of the word Anxious Eager Happy Unwilling none of these B Reluctant means unwilling, opposed.
written in capital letters in the So, option B is the most appropriate
sentence : Many people are
RELUCTANT to get vaccinated.

40 Find the most appropriate meaning to get to hit to cause an encouraging to annoy none of these C The phrase 'a shot in the arm' means 'a
for the phrase "a shot in the arm" immunised harm stimulus boost or an encouraging stimulus'.
Hence Option C is the most
appropriate.