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SEMESTER
TERMINAL EXAM
(STE)
Online Exam
ALLAMA IQBAL
OPEN UNIVERSITY

Level: B.Ed (1.5)

Semester: Autumn 2020

Paper: Philosophy of Education

Code: 8609

Name : Awais Ijaz

Roll No. BZ664649

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Q No.1 Discuss in details classical and modern philosophies in relation to

education.

With current worrying situations, such as cyber-bullying or the increasing fee of medicine, a
classical training, with its attention on philosophy and inquiry, can provide students the
possibility to benefit expertise and boom revolutionary idea, while analyzing problems through a
moral lens.

However how does a philosophy that has been taught for centuries stay applicable in an
education age immersed with I pads and apps, and careers driven with the aid of using the virtual
monetary machine, automation and personalization? The want for thoughtfulness in our techno
centric worldwide extends past the appearance and use of recent gadget. Nowadays, university
college students are charged with shaping coverage and fighting injustice, and characteristic
countless statistics, and incorrect information, pushed to them.

A classical education presents the instructional excellence and ethical framework to fight this
injustice. It encourages college students to pursue the why, how and who of ideas and choices
similarly to the what, and allows develop young those who very personal their electricity to
supplement their lives and the lives of others. Directly and circuitously, a classical education
gives a deeper, lasting instruction for college, careers and dwelling a meaningful life with the
useful resource of encouraging its guiding requirements cognizance and one-of-a-kind feature.

What precisely is a classical education?

Regularly misunderstood as a style incompatible to the cutting-edge world, classical training is

extra than pencil-to-paper, memorization and analyzing historical text. A philosophy rooted
inside the history and tradition of the western global, classical training includes both a classical
technique, encouraging deep and considerate studying and writing inner a moral frame, and
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classical content, which include the examiner of historic Greek and Latin literature, data, artwork
and languages.

Today, classical schooling can provide a roadmap for college students to analyze and develop. It
starts off evolved as an exploration and party of the human situation, sharing the history of
people and tradition. Through the years, it serves as a platform for growing crucial wondering
abilities via asking questions alongside the manner. Classical training emerges as a more
recognition of the moral vital to others and the capacity to create trade and opportunity within the
global even when faced with resistance and boundaries.

Wisdom is the exceptional of having understanding, enjoy, and remarkable judgment.

Gaining information of how words joined our language, in which people came from, who
debated or fought for what and why and the placement of faith, artwork, music, animals and
meals on culture enables college students higher recognize current subjects and worrying
situations from technological know-how to race. Students are taught to impeach, perceive and
interpret, recognizing patterns and figuring out troubles that guide their questioning. This method
allows to construct abilities in strategic and analytical wondering that may help broaden a
customer-quality app, function a employer for lengthy-term economic fulfillment, solicit buy in
to skip a tremendous regulation or solve a struggle with a neighbor.

 College college students are requested to dig deeper into the which means that and reason
of terms and testimonies, and to raise questions about cause and relevancy. Is an ancient
“triumph” the unique parade?
 Had been debates, elections and revolts in historic Rome just like the political unrest of
these days?
 Faith, proper to go through palms, citizenship, violence and peace were subjects of war
and protest even in 100 b. C.

Distinctive feature is conformity of 1's life and conduct to ethical and moral standards.

Equally crucial as awareness, classical schooling also encourages thoughtful inquiry and
apprehend. Students are suggested to bear in mind the impact their picks can have on individuals,
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households, and communities, and may benefit attitude from testimonies, records, discussions,
communicate and studies.

In truth, historical mythology have become advanced to bypass down vital moral lessons
without being stupid or stupid in a narrative format that engages the mind. Plato wrote dialogues
about the conflicts within the republic Sophocles wrote tragedies about leaders Euripides
confirmed sturdy characters in surprising places. Distinguishing right from incorrect, wondering
before you act and considering how actions effect other people the ones are all conventional
instructions approximately civility which might be relevant in in recent times' world.. In first
grade, students presently studied and wrote poetry a totally classical pastime. To feature a
modern-day twist, the teacher recorded college students reading their works, and advanced QR
codes that play their recitations so circle of relatives and buddies may also revel in this
interactive challenge. Using era allowed students to percentage their lesson with others, at the
same time as also exploring a contemporary tool.

Teaching is sort of a salad. Think about it. If you have been to wait a party for any given
vacation, the form of and versions to every salad recipe that is probably gift for consumption
must outnumber the ones gift on the birthday party. There are such a lot of splendid strategies to
teach, varying activities to recollect, and philosophies to apply to every lecture room. And what
higher way to have a nice effect on the arena than to provide expertise for consumption? The
time period ‘instructor’ may be carried out to all and sundry who imparts expertise of any subject
be counted, but it's far commonly extra centered on those who are hired to accomplish that, in
imparting information to our college students, it's far inevitable that we need to recall our
personal personal philosophies, or pedagogies, and decide now not handiest how we determine
what our philosophies are, but moreover how those effect our consumers.

Q No. 2 Compare the perspective of Greek and Western philosophers on

education

The essential precept of schooling is to understand the truth for oneself. The essential principle
of philosophy is to understand that all reality comes from truth. As a result academic philosophy
want to be based at the fact of what exists.
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"They may be perennialism, essentialism, progressivism, and re-constructionism. These

academic philosophies cognizance closely on what we ought to teach, the curriculum issue.
For perennialists, the aim of schooling is to make sure that students accumulate
understandings approximately the brilliant thoughts of western civilization."

Philosophical mirrored image at the individual, goals, and problems of training. The philosophy
of education is Janus-confronted, looking both inward to the figure concern of philosophy and
outward to instructional exercising. This dual consciousness requires it to paintings on each
factors of the traditional divide among concept and practice, taking as its venture rely each
fundamental philosophical troubles (e. G. The nature of expertise) and greater specific troubles
arising from academic exercise (e. G. The desirability of standardized finding out). These
sensible issues in turn have implications for a ramification of long-popularity philosophical
problems in epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, and political philosophy. In addressing those
many issues and problems, the truth seeker of schooling strives for conceptual clarity,
argumentative rigor, and informed valuation.

Most important historic figures

The history of philosophy of education is an essential supply of problems and troubles as is the
records of training itself for placing the highbrow time table of current philosophers of training.
Equally applicable is the kind of cutting-edge tactics to the priority. Even even though it isn't
always viable here to test systematically each that records or those current-day procedures, brief
sketches of several key figures are provided next.

The western philosophical lifestyle started out in historical Greece, and philosophy of schooling
started out with it. The crucial ancient figures advanced philosophical perspectives of training
which have been embedded of their broader metaphysical, epistemological, ethical, and political
theories. The introduction via Socrates of the “Socratic technique” of questioning began a way of
life wherein reasoning and the search for reasons that could justify ideals, judgments, and moves
became fundamental; such wondering in flip in the end gave upward push to the view that
schooling need to inspire in all university students and people, to the finest quantity possible, the
pursuit of the existence of reason. This view of the vital place of purpose in training has been
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shared via most of the important figures inside the records of philosophy of schooling,
notwithstanding the in any other case large variations of their one-of-a-kind philosophical views.

The contrast amongst western and Greek education

it could not be denied that specific places have their very very own specific lifestyle and history
of the societies. Normally, western philosophy of schooling consists of faculties, that are
traditional and contemporary. It has its roots in Athens, Rome and judeochristianity, at the same
time as Greek philosophy is derived from Islam, Confucianism, Taoism and Mahayana
Buddhism. This, is largely have an impact at the gadget of existence, and simply creates their
schooling tool. By using looking on Greek and western international locations, each countries
have awesome versions in their ways of developing and shaping an character, in terms of skills
and attitudes. For that motive, exquisite cultures could have special philosophies, which results
in wonderful strategies of doing things, in particular in teaching the subsequent technology.

The maximum primary trouble of philosophy of training is that concerning goals:

1) What are the proper objectives and guiding beliefs of training?

2) What are the proper standards for evaluating instructional efforts, establishments,
practices, and merchandise?
3) Many objectives had been proposed via philosophers and specific academic
theorists
4) They consist of the cultivation of curiosity and the disposition to inquire
5) The fostering of creativity; the manufacturing of know-how and of knowledgeable
university college students; the enhancement of understanding
6) The marketing of moral wondering, feeling, and action; the expansion of the
creativeness
7) The fostering of boom, improvement, and self-attention; the fulfillment of
capability; the cultivation of “liberally informed” people; the overcoming of
provincialism and near-mindedness; the improvement of sound judgment
8) He cultivation of docility and obedience to authority; the fostering of autonomy;
the maximization of freedom, happiness, or conceitedness
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9) The development of care, undertaking, and related attitudes and dispositions; the
fostering of feelings of network, social brotherly love, citizenship, and civic-
mindedness; the manufacturing of proper residents; the “civilizing” of students;
10) The protection of college students from the deleterious effects of civilization; the
improvement of piety, religious faith, and non secular achievement; the fostering
of ideological purity
11) The cultivation of political attention and motion; the combination or balancing of
the wishes and interests of the man or woman student and the bigger society
12) And the fostering of abilities and tendencies constitutive of rationality or crucial
thinking.

Q No. 3 The impact of Imam Ghazali and Ibn-e-Khaldun is still visible in our
present day education system. Discuss it with real life examples.

Until lately, Islamic concept as propounded by means of al-ghazali constituted the maximum
vital college in regards to the idea and exercising of Islam (and, particularly, sunnite Islam).
Along with his titanic intellectual stature and his encyclopedic understanding, al-ghazali has
caused Islamic concept and described its exercise for nearly nine centuries. He was a consultant
of ‘conciliatory Islam’.

History statistics

Over the beyond 3 a few years, a cutting-edge present day-day of ‘combative Islam’ has seemed
and grown unexpectedly, and is making an attempt to gain supervisor of the Islamic global.
Some observers see this fashion as a new revival motion, at the same time as others recognize in
it a danger no longer best to the Islamic nations, however to the complete worldwide, and a
supply of destabilization, taking Islam and Muslims returned fourteen centuries.

Based definitely on the above assertion of ibn khaldun, Islamic ethics development is strongly
advocated through the surroundings and it is depending on the governance of a country. The
elements refers to the family, residential regions, schools and the mass media that have a robust
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impact both at the shape of a person and discipline. In unique phrases, ibn-Khaldun surely
disagrees with teachers who would possibly use strong motion or corporal punishment in
competition to university students. Ibn-Khaldun's view that training as well as training is an
hobby that consists of the technique of obtaining understanding and wonderful conduct this is
according to Islamic teachings. The process of training isn't always only to acquire expertise
cognitive but include sports activities of accurate ethics affective and psychomotor.

He stresses that education is a way of self-development, and it's miles carried out in degrees
consistent with the suitability and potential levels of the students. He then explicitly defined that
so that it will obtain the instructional dreams two matters want to be addressed within the
education system,

1) First is with the aid of having the proper curriculum, and second, the techniques and
measures that ought to be used by teachers collectively with the visible method (talqin),
education often (tadrij), centered lesson, modeling (uhakah/taqlid), workout (al-tajribah),
repetition (al-tikrar), adventure (al-rihlah), and movement within the direction of college
students who make errors just so the errors may be corrected in case you want to expand
higher virtues (al-‘uqubahwatakdib).
2) Second is from the al-ghazali’s attitude. Al-ghazali (2000) argues that educational
technique in developing moral values may be divided into . The first is striving
(mujahadah) and being used to do and exercise appropriate deeds. 2d, the act is finished
time and again and blessings from Allah swat are continually widespread. In keeping
with al-ghazali moral training consists both formal and informal training (alghazali: t. T).

Casual education

The casual schooling starts off evolved at domestic within the circle of relatives. He proposed the
informal training is accomplished via storytelling and portraying proper conduct (uswah al-
hasanah) approach. Via this method kids are skilled and conditioned to do top and parents need
to display screen the kids' social behavior. Al-ghazali (2003) argued for the formal schooling that
it's miles obligatory for parents to join up their youngsters to high school. He in addition defined
that the approach of educating youngsters ought to encompass the factors of reinforcement, and
punishment similarly to giving priority to a baby the right to relaxation and play. For that reason,
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al-ghazali is of the opinion an sincere, accountable teacher or mursyid able to practice what he
preaches, and she or he is wanted to make certain that Islamic ethics may be applied successfully
(alghazali: 2003). College college students additionally want to play their detail which includes
to make sure that the purity of the heart inconstantly guarded, now not being immodest, and
disobedient in their teachers. Further, the students need to continuously associate the system of
searching out facts in trying to be in the direction of Allah.

The warfare the various idea of al-ghazali and that of al-mawdudi remains under way and can
turn out to be one of the maximum critical elements in shaping the destiny of the Arab and
Islamic global. Whatever the final effects of this battle, al-ghazali remains one of the maximum
influential philosophers (despite the fact that he objected to being described as such) and thinkers
on training in Islamic facts. His biography as a pupil attempting to find understanding, as a
instructor propagating records and as a pupil exploring statistics offers an tremendous instance
of the way of existence of university students, teachers and scholars within the Islamic
worldwide inside the center a while.