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Prep For Success Answer Series 2
Prep For Success Answer Series 2
Answer Series 2
Complete
Part 1 – Physical Quantities and Units, Density, Moments
Part 2 – Graphs, Hooke’s Law
Part 3 – Velocity, Acceleration, Equations of Motion, Kinetic Energy
Part 4 – Specific Heat Capacity, Latent Heat
Part 5 – Boyle’s Law, Pressure Law
Part 6 – Rays of Light, Reflection, Refraction
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CSEC Physics
Prep for Success
Series 2
Part one
Physical Quantities and Units
Density
Moments
Densit Kgm-3
(3 marks)
Lengt m
Temperature 0
C
Current A
Mass kg
(4 marks)
b)
i. Calculate the density of gasoline which occupies 150 cm 3 of space and has a mass
of 102 g.
m
ρ=
v
102 g
ρ=
150 cm3
−3
ρ=0.68 gcm
There’s no need to convert the units grams (g) and centimeter cube (cm3) to the SI
Units. It’s sufficient to work with the units as given.
(3 marks)
iii. Calculate the relative density of gasoline using the density of mercury as the base
quantity for the comparison.
ρ
ρ REL = ρgasoline
mercury
3
0.68 gcm
ρ REL =
13.6 gcm3
ρ REL =0.05 Take note that the units cancel and so relative density has not units
(2 marks)
(3 marks)
Force Situation
1. Gravit A javelin falling in the air
b) Patrick and Patricia showed their class a ‘magical’ balancing act. They both sat
on one side of a uniform, 6.0 m plank. Patrick sat 1.0 m from the pivot located
0.5 m from the center of the plank. Patricia at 0.5 m from the pivot, on the same
side as Patrick.
The figure below shows the ‘magical’ balancing act. X represents the pivot point.
(1 mark)
W
$e weight is at te cen&r of te plank. It is 0.5 m +om te pivot. It has , be
loca&d on te right of te pivot because it is te weight tat provides te
coun&rbalance Pa.ick and Pa.icia.
iii. If Patrick sat alone on the plank, calculate where he would have to sit, in
order to maintain his ‘magical’ balancing act. The pivot remains as before.
(3 marks)
Series 2
Part two
Graphs
Hooke’s Law
Two fourth form Physics students were asked to work together to investigate the relationship
between extension, e, and the stretching force, F, for a spiral spring. Four sets of their results are
shown in the figure below.
Mass (m) /g Stretching force (F) /N Scale Reading /mm Extension (e) /mm
0 0 10.0 0.0
200 2 12.1 2.1
400 4 14.3 4.3
600 6 16.3 6.3
800 8 18.4 8.4
1000 10 21.4 11.4
1200 12 25.2 15.2
(4 marks)
(8 marks)
( 1 mark)
y 2− y 1
gradient =
x 2−x 1
8.4−0.4 mm
gradient=
8.0−0.4 N
8.0 mm
gradient=
7.6 N
−1
gradient =1.05 mmN
−1
gradient=1.1 mmN 2 sig. fig .
(4 marks)
(f) Identify ONE possible source of error and ONE precaution to be taken in conducting this
experiment.
One precau,on is take e readings of e leng of e spring at eye level avoid errors
due para0ax.
One source of error could arise 1om e measuring ins2ument, e ruler, as it can only be
accura a degree of half of e sma0est division. %e sma0est division on e ruler is 0.1
mm and answers can only be given accuraly 0.05 mm, hence is is a source of error.
(2 marks)
Series 2
Part three
Velocity
Acceleration
Equations of Motion
Kinetic Energy
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June 2010 Paper 2 Question 2
Graphs
Hooke’s Law
i. Velocity
(2 marks)
ii. Acceleration
(2 marks)
iii. Linear momentum
(2 marks)
(b) In 2008, at the Beijing Olympics, Usain Bolt of Jamaica reclaimed his title as the world’s fastest
man. He completed the 100 m final in a world record time of 9.69 s. He accelerated uniformly
from rest for the first 6.5 seconds, covering 60 m before coasting at maximum speed to finish.
i. Calculate his average speed for the first 6.5 s.
d=60 m
t=6.5 s
total distance
average speed=
total time
60 m
average speed=
6.5 s
−1
average speed=9.23ms
−1
average speed=9ms correct to 1 sig fig
(2 marks)
He got # maximum speed afr running for 6.5 s erefore gaering values for u, inial
veloci ; v, )nal veloci afr 6.5 s, i.e. maximum speed; t, me and s, displacement
u=0
v=?
t=6.5 s
s=60 m
u+v
Using the third equation of motion s=( )t
2
0+ v
60 m=( )6.5 s
2
2×60=(0+v )6.5
120=(6.5×0)+(6.5×v)
120=(6.5×v)
120
v=
6.5
−1
v=18.46 ms
−1
v=18 ms correct to 2 sig. fig .
( 2 marks)
iii. What was his acceleration during the first 6.5 s?
Using the same values from the previous question
u=0
−1
v=18 ms
t=6.5 s
Using equation of motion v=u+at , we can rearrange this to get, firstly
v−u=at then, making a the subject we get
(v−u)
a=
t
−1
(18 ms −0)
a=
6.5 s
−2
a=2.77ms
(a) What major form of energy did Bolt possess when he crossed the finish line?
Kinetic energy
( 1 mark)
(b) Calculate the value of this energy of his mass was 86 kg.
1 2
KE= mv
2
m=86 kg
−1
v=18 ms this is the same maximum speed he had when he finished the race. We
calculated this in question (b) iii. above
1 −1 2
KE= ×86 kg×(18 ms )
2
1 2
KE= ×86×(324)
2
KE=13, 932 J
KE=14 kJ correct to 2 sig . fig .
(2 marks)
Series 2
Part Four
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June 2011 Paper 2 Question 2
Specific Heat capacity
Latent Heat
(a)
i. Complete the table by inserting the correct symbol and SI Unit which relate to the
quantity shown in column 1.
(3 marks)
ii. Define the term specific heat capacity of a substance
e specic heat capaci is e amount of heat at is required raise e
(2 marks)
iii. Write the equation that relates specific heat capacity with heat capacity.
C =mc
(1 mark)
(b) A busy housewife left 25 g of ice in an open insulated container while she was answering
her cellphone. When she returned, the ice at 0 0C was converted to water at 3 0C.
i. Calculate the energy needed for the ice to totally melt and to reach its present
temperature. Assume no heat loss.
Assuming no heat loss e tal heat required has be calculad in two parts.
First, heat is needed change e ice at 0 0C war at 0 0C, is uses e lant heat
en, heat is needed change e mperature of e war at 0 0C war at 3 0C.
e specic heat capaci is used calcula is part. E H =mc Δ Θ
E H =(mlf )+(mc Δ Θ)
We must ensure at units for like quan++es are coherent (i.e e same). So since e
values for e specic heat capaci of war and e specic lant heat of )sion of ice
are given in J kg-1K-1 and J kg-1 we should convert e mass 0om 25 g kg.
25 g=(25÷1 000)kg
m=0.025 kg
erefore
−1 −1 −1
E H =(0.025 kg×340 000 J kg )+(0.025 kg×4 200 J kg K ×3)
E H =(8500 J )+(315 J )
E H =8 815 J
ii. If this melting and heating activity took place over 300 s, calculate the rate at which the
ice / water was receiving heat.
is ques+ons is e same as asking for how much energy is 3ansferred every second.
Series 2
Part Five
Boyle’s Law
Pressure Law
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Jan 2008 Paper 2 Question 2
Boyle’s Law
Pressure Law
(a)
i. Boyle’s law states that the absolute pressure of a fixed mass of gas is inversely
proportional to the volume once the temperature doesn’t change
( 2 mark)
ii. If you were to carry out an experiment to investigate Boyle’s Law, this is the linear
graph that you would expect to get.
1/V
(4 marks)
(b)
i.
This is how you can use the kinetic theory to explain an increase in pressure in the
tires of a vehicle after driving at a high speed for a very long time. The Kinetic
theory states that all matter is made up of particles that are in constant motion. The
average kinetic energy of the particles is related to the temperature. The particles
collide off each other and the walls of the container and so create a pressure on the
walls. After the high speed chase, the friction between the tires and the ground
would’ve increased the heat transferred to the tires. The transfer of heat energy to the
particles increased their kinetic energy and therefore increased their motion. An
Summary
P1 = 310 KPa
P2 = 360 KPa
T1 = 297 K
T2 = ?
Assuming there’s no change in volume, the pressure law will apply. Equation for
pressure law is
P1 P2
=
T1 T 2
Make T2 subject
P1 T 2=P 2 T 1
P2 T 1
T 2=
P1
360000×297
T 2=
310 000
T2 = 344.9 K
T2 = 345 K correct to 2 sig fig
(5 marks)
Series 2
Part Six (Final)
Rays of Light
Reflection
Refraction
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June 2008 Paper 2 Question 3
Light Rays
Reflection
Refraction
Z Y
^z ^y
^
w
c^
V x
Z – incident ray
X – normal
Y – reflected ray
W – refracted ray
V – emergent ray
X – lateral displacement of Z
(6 marks)
(b)
i. If ^z is 600 then ^y is also 600.
(1 marks)
ii. The reason is that the law of reflection states that the angle of incidence is equal to
the angle of reflection. In this case ^z is the angle of incidence and ^y is the angle
of reflection. The law therefore says that they are both equal.
i^ ^z
n= ⇒ n=
r^ ^
w
60
1.5=
^
w
60
^=
w
1.5
^ =40
w
^ =400
w
(4 marks)
^ must exceed in order for E to be
iv. If we want to determine the value that angle w, w
totally internally reflected, we must consider that angle w and angle c are equal.
(Geometry review: Interior angles are equal). Angle c is the critical angle of the
glass and when the critical angle is exceeded, the ray will be totally internally
reflected. The question wants us to find the critical angle of the glass.
We can apply the relationship between the critical angle of glass and its refractive
index.
1
n=
sin c
1 1
1.5= Rearrange this to make sin c the subject we get sin c=
sin c 1.5
1
sin c= = 0.67
1.5
−1
c=sin 0.67
−1
c=sin 0.67
0
c=42
(3 marks)