Lesson 3 – Fish Capture

Objectives

1. Explain the importance of knowing the classification of fishing gear used in the
Philippines.
2. Familiarize the learners with the simple construction and operation of common
fishing gear.
3. Teach the learners the proper ways of handling the fishing gear and safety
measures in the operation of the gear.
4. Identify the gear to be presented.
5. Distinguish the possibility of marketing and having a source of income from gear
construction and operation.

Know

There are various fishing gear used in catching fish and other fish products and
different methods of construction and operation are involved. Some fishermen and
their relatives practices the different ways of constructing a gear to augment family
income.

Basic Classification of Philippine Fishing Methods, Gears, and Safety

Measures

1. Fishing without gear - a method that is composed of the most simple forms of
gathering aquatic resources
Examples:
a. Hand picking
b. Diving

2. Stupefying methods- a method that depend on the psychological reaction of

fish to certain physical or chemical properties.

a. Mechanical stupefying
1. Hitting a fish directly with any object like stones, clubs, hammers, etc.
2. Hitting a submerged stone with another where fish is hiding.
3. Using dynamite detonated by blasting cap with a short fuse.
b. Fish poisoning
1. Using toxic plant like Derris or “Lagtang” (“Tubli” in Cebuanos) whose
coffee-like berries are toasted, crushed and pulverized and sprinkled into
a water as bait
2. Using chemicals like Rotenon, Endrin, Cyanide, Burnt lime, copper-vitriol
etc.
3. Using deoxygenation of the water by stirring up the mud in shallow regions
c. Electrical Fishing

3. Fishing using miscellaneous hand or grappling instruments generally

used for gathering sessile or trapped animals (Panikwat)
 English Name Local Names

1. Shovels - Pala
2. Tongs - sipit
3. Gafts - gantso
4. Hoes - panghukay
5. Picks - patik,piko
6. Scrapers - pangayod
7. Spades - pangdukal
8. Grabs - pangdakut
9. Rakes - Kapangpangan- kalaskas, tagalog bikol-
kalaykay
Tagalog-lawiswis,pangahig,ilongo- paunpat,
iloko-tako, sagad, bikol- saliwsiw
10. Tweezers - pambunot
11. Dredges - pangahig
12. Scoops - Tagalog – panalok, bithay, iloko –
parwas, tagaban,
Kapangpangan- sagudsod, Sebu – sihud,
Bisaya – sangya
13. Pokers - Pangsundot
14. Clamps - pang-ipit
15. Snares - Taglog – panilo, Bukidnon – panghilot,
Aklan – hikog

4. Wounding Gear – gears used by man who to wound a fish from some distance

a. Spears, lances and arrows – instruments with pointed barbed or barbless

blades at the right straight tip which are not removable from the handle
and generally thrown by hand or sometimes from a gun or bow-like
device like pana, sibat, salapang or tiksal

b. Harpoons – pointed instruments with barbed blades detachable from the

handle and either thrown by hand or discharged from a gun, panibat, or
pamaril.
 c. Fishing Riffle - fishing implement designed to launch a spear at fish or
other underwater animals.

5. Barriers and Traps - gears that lead the fish into a situation or enclosure from
which it cannot escape or from which the way of escape is not easily located.

a.Barricades – complete barriers made of wooden

trunks, debris, mud, weeds, banana stalks, rocks or
bamboo webbing built across the natural migration
path of fish.

b. Fish shelter - a structure made of anchored

bunches of twigs and bushes, piles of rocks or
poles which become the hiding place for fishes.

c. Fish coral - a guiding barrier constructed of

bamboo, brush or chicken wire which is set in
tidal waters or along natural ways of fishes.

d. Fish pots - basket-like enticing devices usually

baited and made of bamboo, chicken wire, rattan and
other suitable materials.

6.Fishing with lines - method of lines fishing

with hooks that follows the principle of offering
the fish real or artificial bait which it tries to catch

a. Handlines – long simple lines with one or

small series of hooks requiring constant attention

1.Simple handline or drop line-pangawil or

kawil- single line with one or two barbed hooks
 2. Multiple handline - single line with series of
barbed hooks

3. Jigger - used in catching squids ( kawil pangpusit)

4. Pole and line - handline attached to a pole

( bingwit) used with various kinds baits ( baliwasnan
or bingwit)

5. Troll line – handline with a hook at the free end with

natural or artificial bait drawn or towed by a fast-moving
banca or boat.

6. Longlines - extremely long lines with a large series

of baited hooks either set or drifting that requires only
periodical attention at more or less a fixed time
intervals.

a. Set long lines - lines anchored or fixed and

not free to move with the current

b. Drift long lines - lines without fixed attachments

7. Falling Gear – a type of gear that works on the principle of covering the fish with
a gear

1. Cover pot - salakab

2. Cover net – panaklob

3. Cast net - conical net which when

thrown forms a circle covering the fish

8. Fish impounding nets - gear usually

made of woven or knitted fibers with mesh
to confine the fish

a. Filter nets - a conical bag net

without funnel – shaped valves
made of sinamay cloth or cotton
netting fixed in flowing water to filter
shrimps, crabs, fishes etc. (dayakos
or sala)

b. Hoop nets - funnel-shaped

bag-nets constructed over circular
frames that have non-return
valves but no wings. Can catch
fishes in rivers and places with
fast currents by straining the
water. ( bukatot na lambat)

c. Fyke nets - winged conical filter

nets with a series of circular hoops
leading into a closed sac or trap
with a small opening that makes
exit difficult. (dayakos)

d. Pound nets - fixed impounding

nets supported by stakes or held in
place or maintained in form by a
combination of floats or buys and
weights and anchors (otoshi-ami).

9. Scooping nets - nets that take fish by submerging a hanging net and swiftly
lifting the gear to capture or enclose the fish over it
a. Dip net- salap or salok b. Crab lift nets- bintol

c. Lift net- salambaw d. Lever net- salambaw

g. Blanket nets- paduyan f. bag net – basin

g. new look – a lift net is like a bag net but the handling
process is accomplished from a rectangular platform
supported by four-corner posts

h. two boat or four boat lift net – lift nets in which the
corners are lifted from anchored boats

i. push nets – a small triangular fishing net that is

pushed along the bottom in shallow waters and is
used in parts of the southwestern Pacific for taking
shrimps and small bottom-dwelling fishes
 j. skimming nets – lift push nets operated in deeper waters from a small banca or
raft that use a skimming motion while drinking with the boat. (anod sulong)

10. Drive-in-gear – a gear that uses a scare line or other devices to frighten the fish
toward the net. The harvest of the fish is affected by the lifting process of the nets.

a. Drive-in-net – Kalaskas b. Muro-ami

11. Dragged gear – nets which are pulled through the water or near the bottom even
pelagically for an unlimited time

a. Dredges – nets used to collect shell fish by raking or

scratching action (kaladkad).

b.Trawls – nets in the form of a conical bag with the

mouth kept open by various devices and the entire gear is
towed behind a moving boat. (galadgad or taksay)

12. Seine nets – nets that consist of a bust or bag with very long wings or towing
warps. The capture of fish is done by surrounding a certain area of water with schools of
fish and towing the gear over this area with both ends to a fixed point on the shore or on
a vessel

a. Beach seine – bayakos or pukod b. Lampara or sahid

 c. Fish corral seine – segni in Bisaya d. Reef seine

13. Surrounding nets – fishing devices made of long walls of webbings; capture of fish
is by surrounding the fish not only from the side but also from beneath.

a.Round haul seine- sapyaw b. Purse seine (pangulong)

c.Ring net- Kubkob d. Scoop nets- gayad

e. Stop seine - pangulong

14. Gill nets – simple walled curtain-like nets set vertically in water
b. Set gill nets – are nets that are anchored or fixed –
largaretete patuloy, palagiang paningahan

c. Drift gill nets – gill nets that are set free from the
bottom and free to drift with the current (panti)

d. Encircling gill net – nets spread out in a circle

and gilling process is hastened by frightening the
fish with various devices mostly by noise (bating or
halang)

e. Trammed nets – the capture is by entangling

the fish itself in the pockets or spaces created by
the nets while the fish try to escape. (transmalyo)

15. Traps for jumping or flying fishes

– a method of catching fish that jump. They fall into a horizontal floating or
suspended net, raft trap, or even in an empty boat box (pangsiriw in
Iloko)
ACTIVITY 1

 Gather pictures regarding fishing gear and their operations.

 Research and analyze by means of the internet additional information on fishing
gear classifications and operations. Analyze how effective this method is for
capturing or gathering of fishes.

ACTIVITY 2

Investigate / Research on the safety measures in fish capture in the following

workplaces:

 Inlands/Ponds
 Lakes/Bays
 Seas/Ocean

In this lesson, you were given information on the different fishing gear used
in the country and how to capture fish by means of these gears. After you were
introduced to the content of this lesson, perhaps you can undertake some activities
related to fish capture most especially going out to fish and constructing a gear like
the pole and line. This activity can be a hobby and business activity for you and your
family.

You are now ready to move on to the next phase of the lesson about fish
preservation.