INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

4. Value of one inverse function in terms of another inverse

MEMORY TIPS function.
1 x
1. If sin   x then   sin 1 x or arcsinx, if cos   x , then a. sin 1 x  cos 1 1  x 2  tan
1 x2
  cos 1 x or arccosx, if tan   x , then   tan 1 x or
arctanx, and similar definitions for other trigonometric func- 1  x 2  sec 1 1
tions.  cot 1
x 1 x2
2. Domain and Range of Inverse Trigonometric Functions:
1
 cos ec 1 . 0  x  1
x
y Domain Range
  1 x2
1 sin 1
x [-1, 1]  y b. cos 1 x  sin 1 1  x 2  tan 1
2 2 x
2. cos 1 x [-1, 1] 0 y x 1
 cot 1  sec 1
2
  1 x x
3. tan 1 x x R  y
2 2 1
 cos ec 1 . 0  x  1
  1 x2
4. cos ec 1x x 1  y ,y0
2 2
1 1 x 1
1  c. tan x  sin  cos 1
2
5. s ec x x 1 0 y , y  1 x 1 x2
2
6. cot 1 x xR 0 y 1 x2
 cos ec 1  sec 1 1  x 2
x
1
3. Properties:  cot 1 . 0  x 
x
a) Principle of reciprocity: If x  0 , we have
1 1 5. i. sin 1 (x )   sin 1 x 1  x  1 .
1 1 1 1
sin x  cos ec ; cos x  sec and
x x ii. cos1 (x)    cos1 x 1  x  1
1 iii. tan 1 ( x )   tan 1 x
tan 1 x  cot 1 , provided the value of x in each case is   x  
x
such that both the sides of the equality are meaningful. iv. cot 1 ( x )    cot 1 x   x  
b) Self-adjusting property:

  6. i. sin 1 x  cos 1 x  , 1  x  1
i. sin 1 sin    , if     2
2 2

 
and sin sin 1 x  x , if  1  x  1 .
1 1
ii. tan x  cot x 
2
,   x  

ii. cos1 cos    , if 0     1 1 

iii. sec x  cos ec x  , x 1
 
and cos cos1 x  x , if  1  x  1 . 2

  xy
iii. tan 1 tan    , if   7. i. tan 1 x  tan 1 y  tan 1 ,
2 2 1  xy ( x  0, y  0, xy  1)

and  
tan tan 1 x  x , if   x   . 1 1 1 x  y
ii. tan x  tan y    tan 1  xy ,
4. Value of one inverse function in terms of another inverse
function. ( x  0, y  0, xy  1)

1 1 1 x  y
iii. tan x  tan y  tan 1  xy , ( x  0, y  0)

Contributed by: G. M. Ganachari. Govt. P.U.College Chikmagalur. Email: gmg156@rediffmail.com

  tan 1
x  y  z  xyz STAR POINTS
iv. tan 1 x  tan 1 y  tan 1 z 1  xy  yz  zx ,

( x, y, z  0) and xy<1,yz<1 and zx<1 1 1 

1. If tan x  tan y  , then x  y  xy  1 .
4
1 x
v. tan 1  tan 1 1  tan 1 x 
1 x 2.
1 1 1
If tan x  tan y  tan z  , then xy  yz  zx  1 .
2
1 1 x
vi. tan  tan 1 1  tan 1 x
1 x 3. .If tan 1 x  tan 1 y  tan 1 z  , then
x  y  z  xyz .
xy  1
8. i. cot 1 x  cot 1 y  cot 1
xy 1 1 1 
4. If sin x  sin y  sin z  , then
2
1 1 1 xy  1
ii. cot x  cot y  cot y  x x 2  y 2  z 2  2xyz  1 .

9. i. 
2 sin 1 x  sin 1 2 x 1  x 2  5. If sin 1 x  sin 1 y  sin 1 z  , then


ii. 2 cos 1 x  cos 1 2x 2  1  x 1  x 2  y 1  y 2  z 1  z 2  2xyz

1 1 2x 3
iii. 2 tan x  tan 6.
1 1 1
If sin x  sin y  sin z  , then
1 x2 2
2x 1 x2 xy  yz  zx  3 .
 sin 1  cos 1
1 x2 1 x2
7. If cos 1 x  cos 1 y  cos 1 z  , then
10. i. 
3 sin 1 x  sin 1 3x  4x 3 .  x 2  y 2  z 2  2xyz  1 .
ii. 3 cos1 x  cos 4x
1 3
 3x  .
8. If cos1 x  cos1 y  cos1 z  3, then
3
1 1 3x  x xy  yz  zx  3 .
iii. 3 tan x  tan .
1  3x 2

11. i. 
sin 1 x  sin 1 y  sin 1 x 1  y 2  y 1  x 2 ,  9.
1 1
If sin x  sin y 

2
, then x 2  y 2  1 .

(x, y  0, x 2  y 2  1)
10. If sin 1 x  sin 1 y   ,then
1 2 2
ii. cos1 x  cos1 y  cos  xy  1  x 1  y  , cos1 x  cos1 y     .
 

(x, y  0, x 2  y 2  1) 11. If cos 1 x  cos 1 y   ,then


iii. sin 1 x  sin 1 y    sin 1 x 1  y 2  y 1  x 2 ,  sin 1 x  sin 1 y     .

(x, y  0, x 2  y 2  1) 1 x y
12. If cos  cos 1   then
a b
1 2 2
iv. cos1 x  cos1 y    cos  xy  1  x 1  y  ,
  x2 xy y2
2 cos   2  sin 2  .
(x, y  0, x 2  y 2  1) a2 ab b

12. tan 1 x1  tan 1 x 2  ...  tan 1 x n 1 x y

13. If sin  sin 1  , then
a b
 S  S  S5   
 tan 1  1 3 
1  S2  S4  S6    x2 xy y2
2
2 cos   2  sin 2 
where Sk denotes the sum of the products of x1, x 2 ,  , x n a ab b
taken k at a time. *******

Contributed by: G. M. Ganachari. Govt. P.U.College Chikmagalur. Email: gmg156@rediffmail.com

 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 9. If sin 1 a  sin 1 b  sin 1 c  , then the value of

a 1  a 2  b 1  b 2  c 1  c 2 will be
1
1. sin(tan x ) = 1. 2abc 2. a 2  b 2  c 2
x 1 3. ab  bc  ca 4. 0
1. 2 2. 2
1 x 1 x
1 1 1 
10. If sin x  sin y  sin z  , then
x2 2
3. 1 x 2 4.
1 x2 x 2  y 2  z 2  2xyz is equal to
1. 0 2. 1
 7 
2. cot  cos 1   3. -1 4. 2
 25 
11. If sin 1 x  sin 1 y  sin 1 z   , then
24 25
1.
25
2.
24 x 4
 
 y 4  z 4  4x 2 y 2 z 2  k x 2 y 2  y 2 z 2  z 2 x 2 , 
25 7 where k 
3. 4. . 1. 1 2. 2
7 24
3. 4 4. 0
 1
3. cos  2 sin 1   1ab  1 bc  1 ca  1
 2 12. cot  cot 1  cot 1 
ab bc ca
3 1 1. 0 2. 1
1. 2.
4 3 3.  4 4. -1

1 13. If a, b, c are positive real numbers and  

3
3. 4.
2 2 a (a  b  c) b (a  b  c)
t an 1  tan 1 
3 bc ca

4. sin  2 cos 1  
 5 c(a  b  c)
tan 1 , then t an 
ab
24 2 6
1. 2. 1. 0 2.  2
25 5
4 3 3.  4.  4
3. 4.
5 10
1 2a 1 b2 1 2x
14. The solution of sin  cos 1  tan
5. cos 1 (cos x )  x is satisfied by 1 a 2
1 b 2
1 x2
is
1. x  R 2. x  [0, ]
ab 1  ab
3. x  [1,1] 4. x   0,   1.
1  ab
2.
ab

6. If x  sin 1 k , y  cos1 k , 1  k  1 , then the correct ab  1 ab

3. 4.
relationship is ab 1  ab
1. x  y  2 2. x  y  2 15. tan 1 x  tan 1 y  tan 1 z   , then x  y  z 
  1. xyz 2. 0
3. x  y  4. x  y  3. 1 4. 2xyz
2 2
7. If x takes negative permissible value, then sin 1 x is
1 1 1 1 1 1 
equal to 16. tan  tan 1  tan 1    tan  2   
3 7 13  n  n 1
1. cos1 1  x 2 2.  cos 1 1  x 2
to infinite terms is equal to
3. cos 1 2
x 1 4.   cos 1
1 x 2
 
1. 2.
2 4
1 5 12 
8. If sin  sin 1  , then x = 2
x x 2 3. 4. 0
1. 10 2. 12 3
3. 13 4. 14

Contributed by: G. M. Ganachari. Govt. P.U.College Chikmagalur. Email: gmg156@rediffmail.com

17. The sum of first 10 terms of the series 25. The sum of the infinite series

cot 1 3  cot 1 7  cot 1 13  cot 1 21   is sin 1

1
 sin 1
2 1
 sin 1
3 2
2 6 12
1 5
1. tan 2. tan 1 1000
6 n  n 1
   sin 1 is
1 6 1 1 n (n  1)
3. tan 4. tan
5 100 1.  4 2.  3

1 x x 
2 3 
1  2 x x   4 6 3.  2 4. 
 
18. sin  x  2  4    cos  x  2  4   
    2 26. If tan 1 2 , tan 1 3 are two angles of a triangle , then the
for 0  x  2 , then x equals third angle is

1  3
1. 2. 1 1. 2.
2 4 4

1  
3. - 4. -1 3. 4.
2 2 6

1 1
 tan 1
1 27. If x1 , x 2 , x 3 , x 4 are roots of the equation
19. 4 tan 
5 239
x 4  x 3 sin 2  x 2 cos 2  x cos   sin   0 then
1.  2.  2
tan 1 x1  tan 1 x 2  tan 1 x 3  tan 1 x 4 
3.  3 4.  4

1.  2. 
1  1  sin x  1  sin x  2
20. The value of cot   is

 1  sin x  1  sin x  3.    4. 
1.   x 2. 2  x
 
28. sin cot 1 tan cos 1 x = 
x x
3. 4.   1. x 2.
2 2 1 x 2
3. 1 x 4. -x
 
21. sec2 tan 1 2  cos ec 2 cot 1 3 =  
1. 5 2. 10 1 1 2
3. 15 4. 20 29. If sin x  sin y  , then cos1 x  cos1 y =
3

 
22. The value of tan2 sec1 2  cot2 cos ec13 is   1. 2 3 2.  3
1. 13 2. 15 3.  6 4. 
3. 11 4. 5
30. Which of the following is not the value of 2 tan 1 x ?
1    
1 1
23. If cot  cos   2   tan 1  cos   2   x 1 2x 1 2x
    1. tan 2. tan
1 x2 1 x2
then sin x 
1 1 x2 1 2x
3. cos 4. sin
2  2  1 x 2
1 x2
1. tan 2. cot
2 2
 1 1 
 31. If sin  sin  cos 1 x   1 , then x =
3. tan  4. cot  5 
2
1. 1 2. 0
1 1 c xy 1 2 1  c c  3. 4 5 4. 1 5
24. tan  c y  x   tan  c c  1 
 1   2 1 
32. If 4 cos 1 x  sin 1 x   , then the value of x is
 c c   c  c n 1   1 
 tan 1 3 2     tan 1 n   tan 1    1. 1 2 2. 1 2
 c
 c3c 2  1   c n c n 1  1   n 
3. 3 2 4. 3 2
1. x y 2. y x

1  x  1  y 
3. tan  y  4. tan  
  x

Contributed by: G. M. Ganachari. Govt. P.U.College Chikmagalur. Email: gmg156@rediffmail.com

 1 1 1 
33. The value of sin  cos  is equal to
4 8
ANSWER
1 1
1. 2. 
2 2
1. 1 2. 4
1 1
3. 4. 
2 2 2 2
3. 4 4. 1
2
1 1 x
34. The formula cos  2 tan 1 x holds only for 5. 2 6. 3
1 x2
1. x  R 2. x  1
7. 2 8. 3
3. x   1, 1 4. x  [1, )
35. If cos 1 x  sin 1 x , then 9. 1 10. 2
1. x  0 2.  1  x  0
11. 2 12. 1
1 1
3. 0  x  4.  1  x 
2 2
13. 1 14. 4
36. If cos 1 x   , (0  x  1) and

 1  2
15. 1 16. 2
sin 1  2x 1  x 2   sec 1  2   , then
   2x  1  3
17. 1 18. 2
tan 1 (2x ) 
1.  4 2.  6 19. 4 20. 4
3.  2 4.  3
21. 3 22. 3
1  a  1  a  b 
37. If a > b >0, then the value of tan    tan  
b
  ab 23. 1 24. 3
depends on
1. b not a 2. both a and b
3. neither a nor b 3. a and not b 25. 3 26. 1
1 1
1 1 1  1 
38. The sum of tan  2   tan  8   tan  18    is 27. 2 28. 1
     
1.  2 2.  29. 2 30. 1
3.  3 4.  4
31. 4 32. 3
 1 x2  1 x2
1 


39. If tan   , then
2
 1 x  1 x
2
 33. 3 34. 4
the value of x 2 is 35. 4 36. 4
1. sin 2 2. cos 2
3. tan 2 4. sin x
37. 3 38. 4
 1
1  a  
1 1  a 
40. tan  4  2 cos  b   tan  4  2 cos  b   39. 1 40. 2
      

2a 2b
1. 2.
b a
a b
3. 4.
b a

Contributed by: G. M. Ganachari. Govt. P.U.College Chikmagalur. Email: gmg156@rediffmail.com