Informe 0 1antenas

VICERRECTORADO DOCENTE Código: GUIA-PRL-001
CONSEJO ACADÉMICO Aprobación: 2016/04/06
Formato: Guía de Práctica de Laboratorio / Talleres / Centros de Simulación
LABORATORY PRACTICE REPORT FORMAT /

WORKSHOPS / SIMULATION CENTERS – FOR
STUDENTS
CAREER: ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING SUBJECT: ANTENNA LABORATORY

NRO. PRACTICE: 01 PRACTICE TITLE: ANTENNA TYPES
GENERAL OBJECTIVE:
• Perform a bibliographic search on the main types of antennas.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:
• Identify the main parameters of existing antennas.
• Check the maximum power transfer theorem, both in resistive loads and in impedances.
ACTIVITIES DEVELOPED
1. Concepts.
2. Antenna types.
2. Maximum Power Transfer Theorem.
THEORETICAL MARK
Maximum Power Transfer Theorem.

The maximum power transfer theorem states the following: A load resistor will receive the maximum power of a circuit when
the resistance of the load is exactly the same as Thevenin's resistance (Norton) backward view on the circuit [1].
TASK 1: CONCEPTS
Step 1: Define the following words.
Gain.
It's the amplification power of the signal.
Directivity.
Maximum radiation intensity over medium intensity
Radiation pattern.
It is a polar graph or diagram on which the force of electromagnetic fields emitted by an antenna is represented.
Characteristic impedance.
The characteristic impedance (Zo), of a transmission line is a complex amount expressed in Ohms, which is ideally independent of
the length of the line, and cannot be measured. The characteristic impedance (discharge resistance) is defined as the impedance
seen from the finite length of a line that is determined at a fully resistive load equal to the characteristic impedance of the line.
VSWR
Stationary wave ratio.
Polarization.
It is defined as the behavior of electromagnetic fields in space and time. They may include:
• Vertical: When the electric field generated by the antenna is vertical with respect to the earth horizon (top to bottom).
1. Horizontal: When the electric field generated by the antenna is parallel to the earth horizon.
• Circular: When the electric field generated by the antenna rotates from vertical to horizontal and vice versa, generating
circle-shaped movements in all directions. This turn can be clockwise or, on the contrary.
Resolution CS N° 076-04-2016-04-20
• Elliptical: When the electric field moves the same as in the previous case, but with uneven force in each direction. This
polarization is rarely caused in principle, rather it is usually a degeneration of the previous one.
Frequency.
Frequency is the number of cycles or periods that a signal completes in a second.
Scatter parameters.
S parameters can be used for any frequency because they do not make considerations of any open circuit or short circuit, they are
simply based on, the power levels that are perceived in the two-port network terminals. The S parameters are 4:
• 𝑺𝟏𝟏 : This parameter measures the amount of power that is reflected compared to the amount of power being applied on
port 1. The 𝑆11 parameter is also known as the input port reflection coefficient.
• 𝑺𝟏𝟐 : This parameter measures the received power on port 1 compared to that sent on port 2. This parameter is also known
as a reverse transmission coefficient.
• 𝑺𝟐𝟏 : This parameter measures the received power on port 2 compared to that sent on port 1. This parameter is also known
as a direct transmission coefficient.
• 𝑺𝟐𝟐 : This parameter measures the power reflected on port 2 compared to the amount of power that is sent from port 2. This
parameter is also known as the output port reflection coefficient.
TASK 2: ANTENNA TYPES
Step 1: Create a table with the different types of antennas and main characteristics of each.
Table 1: Antenna types.

Antenna Types Physical Form Radiation Pattern in Radiation Pattern at 3D Radiation Pattern
Azimuth Elevation
LINEAR WIRE
ANTENNAS
Dipole
(Antenna/indoor
dipole. Model:
ARS-N19)
2400-2500MHz
Amplify the signal [2]

from your Wi-Fi
adapter
Monopole
698-2690MHz.
IoT Device
Application.
Gateways &
Routersess. [3]
Resolution CS N° 076-04-2016-04-20
LOOP
ANTENNAS
Circular loop
antenna
3-30MHz
Communication
systems using
devices that
operate high
frequencies.
[4]
Polygonal loop
antenna
300-3GHz
Communication
systems using
devices that
operate high
frequencies.
[5]
ARRAY
ANTENNAS
Linear
30MHZ-3GHz
Used for VHF

and UHF bands
Used in two-way
communications. [6]
Resolution CS N° 076-04-2016-04-20
Planar
30MHZ-3GHz
Used for VHF

and UHF bands
Used in two-way
communications. [7]
Used also for

broadcasting
purposes.
Circular
30MHZ-3GHz
Used for VHF

and UHF bands
Used in two-way
communications.
Used also for [8]

broadcasting
purposes.
BROADBAND
DIPOLES
Biconical
antenna
30 -300[MHz]
Used as electric
field
measurement
patterns
[9]
Triangular
30 -300[MHz]
Used as electric
field
Resolution CS N° 076-04-2016-04-20
measurement
patterns
[10]
Cylindrical
dipole
30 -300[MHz]
Used as electric
field
measurement
patterns
[11]
Folded dipole
30 -300[MHz]
Used as electric
field
measurement
patterns
[12]
Discone and
conical skirt
monopole
[13]
Resolution CS N° 076-04-2016-04-20
FREQUENCY
INDEPENDENT
ANTENNAS
Equiangular
spiral antenna
2.4 -6.5[GHz]
Used in
broadband
communications
[14]
Log-periodic
antenna
900 -2600[MHz]
Used in
broadband
communications
[15]
Fractal antenna
2.5 -11.8[GHz]
Used in
broadband
communications
[16]
APERTURE
ANTENNAS
Rectangular
aperture
antenna
0.75 to
2.25[GHz]
[17]
Resolution CS N° 076-04-2016-04-20
They are
commonly used
in UHF and
higher
frequencies.
Circular
aperture
antenna
0.75 to
2.25[GHz]
They are [18]

commonly used
in UHF and
higher
frequencies.
HORN
ANTENNAS
Pyramidal horn
1.8 -18[GHz]
Used in apps
such as
microwave
transmissions.
[19]
Conical horn
1.8 -18[GHz]
Used in apps
such as
microwave [20]
transmissions.
Resolution CS N° 076-04-2016-04-20
Corrugated horn
1.8 -18[GHz]
Used in apps
[21]
such as
microwave
transmissions.
Aperture-
matched horn
1.8 -18[GHz]
Used in apps [22]

such as
microwave
transmissions.
Multimode horn
1.8 -18[GHz]
Used in apps
such as
microwave [23]
transmissions.
Dielectric-loaded
horn
1.8 -18[GHz]
Used in apps
[24]
such as
microwave
transmissions.
Resolution CS N° 076-04-2016-04-20
MICROSTRIP
ANTENNAS
Rectangular
patch
400[MHz]-
40[GHz]
[25]
They are used in
aircraft, mobile,
WLAN, feeder
antennas
reflectors
Circular patch
400[MHz]-
40[GHz]
They are used in

aircraft, mobile, [26]
WLAN, feeder
antennas
reflectors
REFLECTOR
ANTENNAS
Plane reflector
806-960[MHz]
They are
broadband and
are ideal for
point-to-point
applications
where there are
[27]
restrictions on
beam width.
Resolution CS N° 076-04-2016-04-20
Corner reflector
806-960[MHz]
They are
broadband and
are ideal for
point-to-point
applications [28]
where there are
restrictions on
beam width.
Parabolic
reflector
806-960[MHz]
They are
broadband and
are ideal for
point-to-point
applications
where there are
restrictions on
beam width.
[29]
Spherical
reflector
806-960[MHz]
They are
broadband and
are ideal for
point-to-point [30]
applications
where there are
restrictions on
beam width.
OTHER
ANTENNAS
Resolution CS N° 076-04-2016-04-20
Yagi antenna
3-30[MHz]
It is usually used
for television
reception.
[31]
Omni Collinear
Antennas
1200-2700 MHz
Base Station
Military
[32]
Single patch
antenna
400[MHz]-
40[GHz]
They are used in

aircraft, mobile,
WLAN antennas
[33]
4x4 patch matrix

antenna
400[MHz]-
40[GHz]
They are used in

aircraft, mobile,
[34]
WLAN antennas
Resolution CS N° 076-04-2016-04-20
TASK 3: MAXIMUM POWER TRANSFER THEOREM.
CIRCUIT 1
Step 1: For the test of the maximum power transfer theorem, the following circuit is proposed. Given the circuit in Figure 1.
Perform the respective calculations and demonstrate the maximum power transfer theorem.
Figure 1.
Intensity calculation
𝐸
𝐼= [𝐴]
𝑅𝑖𝑛𝑡 + 𝑅𝐿
50
𝐼=
50 + 50
𝐼 = 0.5[𝐴]
Power calculation
𝑃 = 𝐼2 𝑅𝐿 [𝑊]
𝑃 = 0.52 ∗ 50
𝑃 = 12.5 [𝑊]
Table 2: Calculations obtained.

𝑅𝐿 [Ω] 𝐸[𝑉] 𝑅𝑖𝑛𝑡 [Ω] 𝐼[𝐴] 𝑃[𝑊]
0 50 50 1 0
2 50 50 0.9615 1.84
4 50 50 0.9259 3.42
8 50 50 0.8620 5.94
10 50 50 0.8333 6.94
20 50 50 0.7142 10.20
40 50 50 0.5555 12.34
50 50 50 0.5 12.5
80 50 50 0.3846 11.83
100 50 50 0.3333 11.10
Resolution CS N° 076-04-2016-04-20
130 50 50 0.2777 10.02

150 50 50 0.25 9.37
180 50 50 0.2173 8.49
200 50 50 0.2 8
220 50 50 0.1851 7.53
Step 2: Program in the software to get the maximum power transfer curve
Algorithm 1: Obtaining the maximum transfer power graph in MATLAB

Step 1: clear all
Step 2: clc
Step 3: E=50;
Step 4: Rint=50;
Step 5: for RL=0:2:220

I=E./(RL+Rint)
PRL=(I^2) *RL
plot (RL, PRL,'r+','linewidth',1.5)
hold on
title ('CURVA CARACTERISTICA DE TRANSFERENCIA DE POTENCIA')
xlabel ('Resistencia de carga [ohms]')
ylabel ('Potencia [W]')
end
Figure 2.
Figure 2 has defined the maximum power transfer theorem, which states the following: A load resistor will receive the maximum
power of a circuit, when the load resistance is exactly the same as the input or source resistor seen back in the circuit. For this
case it's 50 ohms.
Resolution CS N° 076-04-2016-04-20
CIRCUIT 2
Step 1: For the test of the maximum power transfer theorem, the following circuit is proposed of Figure 3. Perform the respective
calculations and demonstrate the maximum power transfer theorem. Note: The circuit work to 60Hz.
Figure 3.
Condition
𝑋𝐿 = 𝑅𝑠
Then
𝑅𝑠 = 2 ∗ 𝜋 ∗ 𝑓 ∗ 𝐿 [Ω]
𝑅𝑠
𝐿=
2∗𝜋∗𝑓
𝐿 = 0.1326 [𝐻]
𝑋𝐿 = 2 ∗ 𝜋 ∗ 60 ∗ 0.1326
𝑋𝐿 ≅ 49.98 ≅ 𝑅𝑠 [Ω]
Intensity calculation
𝑍𝑇 = 𝑅𝑠 + 𝑋𝐿 [Ω]
𝐸𝑅𝑀𝑆
𝐼𝑅𝑀𝑆 =
𝑍𝑇
25/√2
𝐼𝑅𝑀𝑆 =
50 + 49.98
𝐼𝑅𝑀𝑆 = 0.1768[𝐴]
Power calculation
𝑃 = 𝐼𝑅𝑀𝑆 2 𝑋𝐿 [𝑊]
𝑃 = 0.17692 ∗ 49.98
Resolution CS N° 076-04-2016-04-20
𝑃 = 1.562 [𝑊]
Step 2: Program in the software to get the maximum power transfer curve
Algorithm 1: Obtaining the maximum transfer power graph in MATLAB

Step 1: clear all
Step 2: clc
Step 3: E=25*(1/sqrt (2));

Step 4: Rs=50;
Step 5: F=60;
Step: for L=0:0.001:0.20

XL=2*pi*F*L
ZT=Rs+XL
I=E./(ZT)
PXL=(I^2) *XL
plot (XL, PXL,'r+','linewidth',1.5)
hold on
title ('CURVA CARACTERISTICA DE TRANSFERENCIA DE POTENCIA')
xlabel ('Impedancia Inductiva [ohms]')
ylabel ('Potencia [W]')
end
Figure 4.
Resolution CS N° 076-04-2016-04-20
Figure 4 shows the Power vs Inductive Impedance curve. It can be observed that when the impedance inductance is similar to the
source resistance. At that very moment, the maximum power transfer occurs. And you can verify that the calculated data is similar
to the simulated ones.
Figure 5.
Figure 5 shows the Power vs Inductance curve. It can be observed that when the inductance reaches a value of 0.132 H. At that
very moment, the maximum power transfer occurs. And you can verify that the calculated data is similar to the simulated ones.
CONCLUSIONS:
• At the end of this practice, most existing antennas with their respective parameters could be identified as a radiation
pattern, frequency range at which it works, among others.
• The theorem of the maximum power transfer function has also been demonstrated by the design of two circuits and their
verification by MATLAB.
RECOMMENDATIONS:
• Perform each of the tasks specified by the teacher.
REFERENCES
[1] H. Robbins, Allan H. y Miller, Wilhelm C. Análisis de circuitos: teoría y práctica, Cuarta edición. ISBN-13: 978-607-481-367-8
[2] Ilustración de antena. Recuperado de: https://es.sanav.com/terminal-mount-lte-monopole-antenna-ta-s7b-a-
l02.html?fbclid=IwAR3Ghw8yy0AB80t6r9XUqgRVjQIcxf0pmQ84nBIGemBe-tY-dESvdCvxM0A.
[3] Ilustración de antena. Recuperado de: https://www.wifi-stock.co.uk/details/alfa-2-4ghz-dipole-9dbi-sma-ars-
n19.html?fbclid=IwAR0Un7X8SH9ZEWSqxmq8Y3jdkhaJWTU9SCvGo0UwYx7D91KUOG9Ejs5wOZ8
[4] lustración de antena. Recuperado de: https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-981-4560-44-3_26
[5] lustración de antena. Recuperado de: https://sebhau.edu.ly/suj/paper/e200910.pdf
[6] lustración de antena. Recuperado de: https://www.rfwireless-world.com/Terminology/phased-array-antenna-basics-and-types.html
Resolution CS N° 076-04-2016-04-20

[9] lustración de antena. Recuperado de: https://www.academia.edu/31493222/Antena_Biconica
[10] lustración de antena. Recuperado de: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1110866516300251
[11] lustración de antena. Recuperado de: https://slideplayer.com/slide/6374708/
[13] lustración de antena. Recuperado de: https://www.tutorialspoint.com/antenna_theory/antenna_theory_half_wave_folded_dipole.htm
[14] lustración de antena. Recuperado de: http://www.rfcafe.com/references/qst/conical-monopole-antenna-november-1966-qst.htm
[15] lustración de antena. Recuperado de: http://arantxa.ii.uam.es/~acaf/Documentacion/TemaIV_antenas_bandancha.pdf
[18] Balanis, Constantine A. Modern antenna handbook / Constantine A. Balanis. 4th ed.
[21] lustración de antena. Recuperado de: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Far-zone-amplitude-radiation-patterns-of-C-band-conical-horn-
antenna-at-49-GHz-a_fig6_260660429
[22] lustración de antena. Recuperado
de: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/?fbclid=IwAR1cnqdUiXXlee5m_RkWZwTxHEcpiPjeDAKVcAonOMObHQfa-qR3xW_AlSc
[23] lustración de antena. Recuperado de: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Simulated-radiation-patterns-of-the-metahorn-in-comparison-
with-the-corresponding_fig2_320572268
[24] lustración de antena. Recuperado de: https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/10103/101030N/Radiation-
patterns-of-multimode-feed-horn-coupled-bolometers-for-FAR/10.1117/12.2249869.short?sessionGUID=83c9d902-bc99-93ce-d268-
bead49a28531&sessionGUID=83c9d902-bc99-93ce-d268-bead49a28531&webSyncID=e46e9e6e-c7a4-9dab-6a0c-bad059329ad8&SSO=1
[25] lustración de antena. Recuperado de: https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/3/675/htm?fbclid=IwAR0iGz-
P1Qykj3M5yM52AOb4372rXelTFslAdYF3D8D_Km6QJk82Tv7Xnq4
[28] lustración de antena. Recuperado de: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Radiation-pattern-in-the-y0z-plane-of-the-reflector-antenna-
without-radome-red-line-and_fig4_304359008
[29] lustración de antena. Recuperado de: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Corner-Reflector-Antenna-Design-for-Interference-FM-
Kaaya-Sam/d1c4260828534ea5718c9935e79c7e9bdf4bb189/figure/5
[30] lustración de antena. Recuperado de: https://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/34512-parabolic-reflector-radiation-pattern
[31] lustración de antena. Recuperado de: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Simulated-3D-Radiation-pattern-of-the-proposed-transparent-
antenna-a-Perspective-view_fig2_236017005
[32] lustración de antena. Recuperado de: https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/collateral/wireless/aironet-antennas-
accessories/prod_white_paper0900aecd806a1a3e.html?fbclid=IwAR1ALfazS0MzNleVRH2fh5g-CHlnSLP7kG4pZjZIIss_rHmY_TgNfPMrPKU
Name of student: _________________________

Ismael Duchi Lucero
Resolution CS N° 076-04-2016-04-20

Informe 0 1antenas

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Informe 0 1antenas

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

VICERRECTORADO DOCENTE Código: GUIA-PRL-001

CONSEJO ACADÉMICO Aprobación: 2016/04/06

Formato: Guía de Práctica de Laboratorio / Talleres / Centros de Simulación

LABORATORY PRACTICE REPORT FORMAT /

CAREER: ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING SUBJECT: ANTENNA LABORATORY

Maximum Power Transfer Theorem.

Step 1: Define the following words.

CONSEJO ACADÉMICO Aprobación: 2016/04/06

Formato: Guía de Práctica de Laboratorio / Talleres / Centros de Simulación

TASK 2: ANTENNA TYPES

Table 1: Antenna types.

Amplify the signal [2]

CONSEJO ACADÉMICO Aprobación: 2016/04/06

Formato: Guía de Práctica de Laboratorio / Talleres / Centros de Simulación

Used for VHF

CONSEJO ACADÉMICO Aprobación: 2016/04/06

Formato: Guía de Práctica de Laboratorio / Talleres / Centros de Simulación

Used for VHF

Used also for

Used for VHF

Used also for [8]

CONSEJO ACADÉMICO Aprobación: 2016/04/06

Formato: Guía de Práctica de Laboratorio / Talleres / Centros de Simulación

CONSEJO ACADÉMICO Aprobación: 2016/04/06

Formato: Guía de Práctica de Laboratorio / Talleres / Centros de Simulación

CONSEJO ACADÉMICO Aprobación: 2016/04/06

Formato: Guía de Práctica de Laboratorio / Talleres / Centros de Simulación

They are [18]

CONSEJO ACADÉMICO Aprobación: 2016/04/06

Formato: Guía de Práctica de Laboratorio / Talleres / Centros de Simulación

Used in apps [22]

CONSEJO ACADÉMICO Aprobación: 2016/04/06

Formato: Guía de Práctica de Laboratorio / Talleres / Centros de Simulación

They are used in

CONSEJO ACADÉMICO Aprobación: 2016/04/06

Formato: Guía de Práctica de Laboratorio / Talleres / Centros de Simulación

CONSEJO ACADÉMICO Aprobación: 2016/04/06

Formato: Guía de Práctica de Laboratorio / Talleres / Centros de Simulación

They are used in

4x4 patch matrix

They are used in

CONSEJO ACADÉMICO Aprobación: 2016/04/06

Formato: Guía de Práctica de Laboratorio / Talleres / Centros de Simulación

TASK 3: MAXIMUM POWER TRANSFER THEOREM.

Table 2: Calculations obtained.

CONSEJO ACADÉMICO Aprobación: 2016/04/06

Formato: Guía de Práctica de Laboratorio / Talleres / Centros de Simulación

130 50 50 0.2777 10.02

Algorithm 1: Obtaining the maximum transfer power graph in MATLAB

Step 5: for RL=0:2:220

CONSEJO ACADÉMICO Aprobación: 2016/04/06

Formato: Guía de Práctica de Laboratorio / Talleres / Centros de Simulación

CONSEJO ACADÉMICO Aprobación: 2016/04/06

Formato: Guía de Práctica de Laboratorio / Talleres / Centros de Simulación

Algorithm 1: Obtaining the maximum transfer power graph in MATLAB

Step 3: E=25*(1/sqrt (2));

Step: for L=0:0.001:0.20

CONSEJO ACADÉMICO Aprobación: 2016/04/06

Formato: Guía de Práctica de Laboratorio / Talleres / Centros de Simulación

• Perform each of the tasks specified by the teacher.

CONSEJO ACADÉMICO Aprobación: 2016/04/06

Formato: Guía de Práctica de Laboratorio / Talleres / Centros de Simulación