University of Northeastern Philippines

SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES AND RESEARCH

Iriga City

Name: WILLY JOHN L. ARINGO

Course: MASTER OF ARTS IN EDUCATION
MAJOR IN ADMINISTRATION AND SUPERVISION
Professor: DR. MARIA P. DELA VEGA
Subject: ED 207 – INFERENTIAL STATISTICS

TOPIC 4.1 MEAN

MEAN OF UNGROUPED DATA
The ARITHMETIC MEAN or ARITHMETIC AVERAGE is defined as the
sum of the values of the variables divided by the number of observations.

The symbol for SAMPLE MEAN is x̄ and for POPULATION MEAN is Greek letter
mu (µ).
∑X
POPULATION MEAN µ = N
Where:

µ = population mean

N = total number of observations

X = ith observed value
∑ = summation notation
∑x
SAMPLE MEAN x̄ = n
Where:

x̄ = population mean
n = total number of observations
x = ith observed value
∑ = summation notation
EXAMPLE 1
The monthly salary of six faculties in the College of Arts and Sciences at
University of Mindanao are:
Php 17200 Php 17500 Php 18400
Php 17800 Php 18100 Php 19000
Find the average monthly salary.
Given: n = 6
Solution:
∑x
x̄ = n
17,200+ 17,500+17,800+18,100+18,400+19,100
x̄ = 6
108,100
x̄ = 6

x̄ = 18,016.67

When some items appear several times, the sample mean is computed by the
formula:
∑ fx
x̄ = n
Where fx is the product of each item (x) and its frequency (f) and n is the number
of items.

EXAMPLE 2
The monthly salaries of 12 faculty members in the College of Arts and Sciences at
University of Mindanao are:
Php 17200 Php 17200 Php 17200 Php 17500

Php 17500 Php 17800 Php 18100 Php 18100

Php 18400 Php 18400 Php 19000 Php 26800
Find the average monthly salary.

Given: n = 12
Solution:
∑ fx
x̄ = n

17,200 ( 3 )+17,500 ( 2 ) +17,800+18,100 ( 2 ) +18,400 ( 2 )+19,100+ 26,800

x̄ = 12
223,300
x̄ = 12

x̄ = 18,608.33
 There are some cases where values are given more importance than others. The
mean derived in this case is known as the WEIGHTED MEAN.
∑ wx
WEIGHTED MEAN x̄ = ∑w
Where:

x = represents the value of each item

w = weight of each item
x̄ = mean
∑ = summation notation

EXAMPLE
If 9000 Algebra books were sold at Php 215 each, 1200 Trigonometry books at
Php 220 each, 5000 Business Mathematics books at Php 340 each and 4500 Statistics
books at Php 270 each.
Find the mean sales of the four books.
Solution:
∑ wx
x̄ = ∑w

9,000 ( 215 ) +1,200 (220 )+ 5,000(340)+ 4,500 ( 270 )

x̄ = 9,000+1,200+5,000+ 4,500
5,114,000
x̄ = 19,700

x̄ = Php 259.59

MEAN OF GROUPED DATA

There are two methods of computing for the mean of grouped data.
These are the:
1. Long Method or Midpoint Method
2. Short Method or Unit Deviations Method (the coded formula)

∑ fx
LONG METHOD x̄ = n
Where:

x̄ = sample mean
f = frequency of each class interval
x = class midpoint or class mark
n = total number of items or sample size

∑ fd
SHORT METHOD x̄ = xA + ( n )
c

Where:
x̄ = sample mean
xA = assumed mean (usually the midpoint of the class interval with the highest
frequency)
d = deviation of the values from the assumed mean or unit deviation
c = class width or interval size
n = total number of items or sample size

EXAMPLE 1
More and more employees are using psychological testing as an aid in
determining whether or not there is a good fit between the company and a prospective
employee.
The following data are counts of scores of a group of people who took the
psychological examination administered by a company. Scores are grouped into a
frequency distribution.

LONG METHOD OR THE MIDPOINT METHOD

SCORE CLASS COUNT

41 – 50 6
51 – 60 8
61 – 70 10
71 – 80 16
81 – 90 11
91 – 100 9

1. Get the midpoint or class mark of each class interval.

 CLASS INTERVAL FREQUENCY (f) CLASS MARK (x)
41 – 50 6 45.5
51 – 60 8 55.5
61 – 70 10 65.5
71 – 80 16 75.5
81 – 90 11 85.5
91 – 100 9 95.5
n = 60

Step 2. Multiply each midpoint or class mark to the corresponding frequency of each
class interval.
Represent the product by fx.

CLASS FREQUENCY (f) CLASS MARK Fx

INTERVAL (x)
41 – 50 6 45.5 273
51 – 60 8 55.5 444
61 – 70 10 65.5 655
71 – 80 16 75.5 1,208
81 – 90 11 85.5 940.5
91 – 100 9 95.5 859.5
n = 60

Step 3. Find the sum of the fx.

CLASS INTERVAL FREQUENCY (f) CLASS MARK (x) fx

41 – 50 6 45.5 273
51 – 60 8 55.5 444
61 – 70 10 65.5 655
71 – 80 16 75.5 1,208
81 – 90 11 85.5 940.5
91 – 100 9 95.5 859.5
n = 60 ∑fx = 4,380

Step 4. Compute the value of the mean using the formula given for Long Method or
Midpoint Method.
∑ fx
x̄ = n
 4,380
x̄ = 60

x̄ = 73
The mean score is 73.

SHORT METHOD OR THE UNIT DEVIATION USING CODED FORMULA

SCORE CLASS COUNT

41 – 50 6
51 – 60 8
61 – 70 10
71 – 80 16
81 – 90 11
91 – 100 9

Step 1. Identify the assumed mean.

The assumed mean is the midpoint or class mark of the class interval 71 – 80.

Therefore xA = 75.5

Step 2. Find the class width.

c = 51 – 41
c = 10
Step 3. Construct the unit deviation column.

CLASS INTERVAL FREQUENCY (f) UNIT DEVIATION (d)

41 – 50 6 –3
51 – 60 8 –2
61 – 70 10 –1
71 – 80 16 0
81 – 90 11 1
91 – 100 9 2
n = 60
Step 4. Multiply the data under the column f to the data under column d of each class
interval and find the sum of fd.

CLASS UNIT
FREQUENCY (f) fd
INTERVAL DEVIATION (d)
 41 – 50 6 –3 –18

51 – 60 8 –2 –16

61 – 70 10 –1 –10

71 – 80 16 0 0

81 – 90 11 1 11

91 – 100 9 2 18

n = 60 ∑fd = –15

Step 5. Compute the mean using the unit deviation method formula.

x̄ = xA+ ( ∑nfd ) c
x̄ = 75.5 + ( −15
60 )
10

x̄ = 75.5 + (−0.25 ) 10
x̄ = 75.5 – 2.5
x̄ = 73

EXAMPLE 2
The same Achievement Test in Business Statistics was administered to Business
Administration students in 3 departments. Each of the department heads computed his/her
own mean using class width of 3.
DEPARTMENT A

UNIT
CLASS FREQUENCY
DEVIATION fd
INTERVAL (f)
(d)
 18 – 20 3 –3 –9
21 – 23 4 –2 –12
24 – 26 4 –1 –4
27 – 29 5 0 0
30 – 32 4 1 4
33 – 35 4 2 8
36 – 38 3 3 9
39 – 41 3 4 12
n = 30 ∑fd = 12

x̄ = xA+ ( ∑nfd ) c
x̄ = 28 + ( 1230 ) 3
x̄ = 28 + ( 0.4 ) 3
x̄ = 28 + 1.2
x̄ = 29.2
DEPARTMENT B

CLASS FREQUENCY UNIT

Fd
INTERVAL (f) DEVIATION (d)
12 – 14 1 –5 –5
15 – 17 2 –4 –8
18 – 20 2 –3 –6
21 – 23 4 –2 –8
24 – 26 3 –1 –3
27 – 29 8 0 0
30 – 32 6 1 6
33 – 35 5 2 10
36 – 38 2 3 6
39 – 41 1 4 4
42 – 44 1 5 5
n = 35 ∑fd = 1

x̄ = xA+ ( ∑nfd ) c
 x̄ = 28 + ( 351 ) 3
x̄ = 28 + ( 0.03 ) 3
x̄ = 28 + 0.09
x̄ = 28.1

DEPARTMENT C

CLASS UNIT DEVIATION

FREQUENCY (f) fd
INTERVAL (d)
15 – 17 1 –4 –4
18 – 20 0 –3 0
21 – 23 1 –2 –2
24 – 26 2 –1 –2
27 – 29 12 0 0
30 – 32 6 1 6
33 – 35 10 2 20
36 – 38 2 3 6
39 – 41 1 4 4
n = 35 ∑fd = 28

x̄ = xA+ ( ∑nfd ) c
x̄ = 28 + ( 2835 ) 3
x̄ = 28 + ( 0.8 ) 3
x̄ = 28 + 2.4
x̄ = 30.4

Using the formula for weighted mean, we have:

∑ wx
x̄ = ∑w
 30 (29.2 ) +35 ( 28.1 ) +35(30.4)
x̄ = 30+35+35
876+983.5+1,064
x̄ = 100
2,923.5
x̄ = 100

x̄ = 29.235
To summarize the weighted mean of the 3 departments:
1. Find the highest and lowest scores;
H.S. = 44 and L.S. = 12
2. Prepare a frequency distribution using a class width of 3 for each of the
departments;
3. Write the frequencies for each class interval for each of the 3 colleges;
4. Find the total frequencies for the 3 departments; and
5. Compute the mean using the midpoint or the unit deviation method.

A B C Total
Class f f f f d fd x fx
Interval
12 – 14 0 1 0 1 –5 –5 13 13
15 – 17 0 2 1 3 –4 –12 16 48
18 – 20 3 2 0 5 –3 –15 19 95
21 – 23 4 4 1 9 –2 –18 22 198
24 – 26 4 3 2 9 –1 –9 25 225
27 – 29 5 8 12 25 0 0 28 700
30 – 32 4 6 6 16 1 16 31 496
33 – 35 4 5 10 19 2 38 34 646
36 – 38 3 2 2 7 3 21 37 259
39 – 41 3 1 1 5 4 20 40 200
42 – 44 0 1 0 1 5 5 43 43
30 35 35 n = 100 ∑fd = 41 ∑fx = 2,923
Using the midpoint method:
∑ fx
x̄ = n
2,923
x̄ = 100

x̄ = 29.23
Using the unit deviation method:

x̄ = xA+ ( ∑nfd ) c
41
x̄ = 28 + ( 100 )3
x̄ = 28 + ( 0.41 ) 3
x̄ = 28 + 1.23
x̄ = 29.23

PROPERTIES OF MEAN
 It can be easily calculated and unique, since every data set has one and only one
mean;
 It is useful in computing other statistics such as comparing means from several
data sets;
 It is familiar to most people and intuitively clear;
 It is affected by extreme values in a set of data or values that are not
representative of the rest of the data and;
 It is associated with the interval and ratio data.