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peace symbols poetry a presentation

Russia a fable a storyline
Burma non-fiction peace images
Japan

It is a condition of wisdom in the archer to be patient,

because when the arrow leaves the bow it returns no more
SaUi

.:,,

A Bhutanese
archer about to
release the arrow
from his bow.

This quotation comes from Sa'di, the thirteenth-century Persian

traveller, storyteller, poet and muslim mystic. To make his
point, Sa'di uses a metaphor of an archer who shoots with a
bow and arrow. Sa'di is saying that once a war is started, there is
no going back. It is therefore better to be wise and'patient'
before starting one.
110
 I

7
Pa{rating a peaeefqx& sc€me
,,j

Close your eyes and imagine a peaceful scene. What do you think
of when you hear the word'Peace'? Perhaps peace is a particular I What would Uou put in
colour, or a quality of stillness, or something to do with nature. gour picture if gou were
Or is it more to do with your state of mind?
scene ?
Does the picture in your head look in any way like the scenes in
these paintings? ? What does peace mean to
gou ?

Word origins
peoce comes from the Latin
noun pox. Several words in
English associated with peace
have poc'in them. How mang
can Uou think of? You could
start with pocifg, which means
'to calm'or'to bring peace to'.

Above the €ternol Peoce,

painted bg the Russian artist lsaak
llgich Levitan in 1894.

Mountain Iandscape painted bU the

Chinese artist Yuan Yao in 1740.
What is a peace symbol?
Find out where these symbols and images came from, and how
they came to represent peace. Decide who in your group will
research the particular symbols and present the results of your
research in class.

You may want to compile a written report on the history of your d

chosen symbol, using images and photos, or reproductions of
works of art. Look through this unit for further ideas on how
peace has been represented through social movements and art.

Find new versions of the symbols, and alternative ways of

promoting or talking about peace. How is peace symbolized
in your country? Broaden your fesearch to focus on:

s the teachings revealed in sacred texts like the Bible or

the Qur'an
I what you have read in stories and newspapers
G what you have seen in films or television programmes
o quotations or stories you have heard. For example, in
Somalia in Africa there is a saying,'Peace provides milk.

r:i:i;fi':?;';"::::
sU,ubot
fr" r;"f":"ro
!^, ^p
r|* ra Lwb ow
fl.a g.
Ls pcaceLw
"!?.RawawLaw. ftaLLaw
:?l
aera3d
awd Ls
frovu the LatLw
*o? P^ (prowoutncsd
pan_cha!).
I 7

r&
7
!
ifffl:"'h"ffi#
*;mffril*"'
A,
v v :
N at^.d D' lt x
e

a
ahe ovawe Ls
t'"i d.LrLo sgv*b oL for
^'av
lwJaPaw'
leaoe

7
the WhLte popp_q
t{sed as o
i,
,Uiiot of
peace, awd
ls oftew
worw wlth the
red

yiy;ii::?x:;,1:_
*'
dt
L,--i

of peopel,tto
?ly:V
awd, uw wars) I
 nli:,r.!i

When you were discussing what peace meant to you, did you
GLOSSARY
talk about the absence of war? One way of encouraging peace is
to constrict means to tighten
by discouraging war.
or restrict the flow of
Pexc&ry something. lf you wear shoes
that are too tight, gou will
Bulat Okudzhava I Lg?A-Lgg7 J was a Russian folk singer and writer,
constrict the flow of blood to
who served as a soldier and knew all about war. He gives advice to a
gour feet and the shoes will
goung man who is keen to go offto war. The poem has been translated
hurt gou; or ifthe flow to gour
from the Russian. heart of oxggen-rich blood is
constricted gou mag suffer
F1 Don't Believe in War ccR from heart failure.

Don't believe in war,lad, musket shot is the bullets

which are shot from a musket,
you can never win a fight.
a long-barrelled gun used in
\Var constricts the heart,lad,
earlier centuries when horses
a pair of boots too tight. were also used in battle.

Your mighty horses swift and true

will be no use at all
as, exposed upon a giant's palm,
Wordpool
beneath musket shot you'll fall.
Discuss the mean
Bur,rr Oruoznavl
followlng words.
lad
Comprehension mightg
swift
I What are the four points of warning and advice which the
exposed
poet gives to the lad?
palm
2 ln which lines has the poet used a metaphor or a simile?
Ma ke uour 0wn
3 ln what wau can war'constrict the heart'? ang
4 What do gou learn about the horses?
5 What might'a giant's palm'refer to?
6 What is the inevitable fate that awaits the soldier?

1.L4
 E
E
E.?
F'
(
.-

Metaphors and similes in lines from the poem.

Wor constricts the heort. You know the literal meaning of
'constrict'from the Glossarg, but what does it mean
metaphoricallg? What does'the heart'mean, apart from the
organ which keeps gou alive?
How effective do gou think the line o poir of boots too tight is?
This is a simile. lf gou wrote it literallg, gou would sag 'like' o poir
of boots too tight. What is being compared to a 'pair of boots too
tight'? What feelings do gou associate with tight boots?
What effect does txposed upon d giont's polm have? What image
of a soldier on a battlefield does this metaphor create? Some
words which will help gou in gour discussion are: vulneroble or
defenceless Iunprotected, open to attack and harmJ. @

Soldiers on the Russian Front

Presenting a poem in the Crimean Wa1 painted bg

'Dort't Believe in War'is a brief and powerful Andrew Howat.

poem. What do you think would be the

best way of illustratingit? Draw or find a
good illustration to accompany it.Include
DoiV bdaB,ve i'n war'
the words of the poem in your design.
gotl' co'n neve.x
wtrl
'i
b'd,,
The poem or your chosen lines do not have tuiv. Wwr answtrhi
to be in the middle of the page.You could lhe hettb, laiL, a" Porr

write them round the sides of your paper, or of boobs boo tr4hL'
around the shape of something, for example
Your rrLghq horses
axtd' Wv'e will
a musket or some other weapon of war. be
lwfu
When you have finished your illustrated no ti50 o*' oJ'L Mt
uPotl 6' ginnis
presentation of the poem, write aparagraph
"*porrl"
explaining whyyou have presented the poem ilr, bexet*h tr,urke*
'rhob
in the way you have. 5ou'tl' +dL'

,?
.:q {
l
*.

:: * d'
"'' &-
#j: * ,
ilnm a
# '.?
,".- 1* t
fr^
H
,3=*lll
1 r.@

Who fights tike cats amd dogs? GLOSSARY

civil war is a war within one

In fables, animals often personify human attributes. This is an
countrg where one group or
extension of the use of simile and metaphor.
faction fights with another
group or faction.
All animals fight amongst themselves. Fighting is a common
instinct that we all share. But only humans take it to a higher
level of organization that leads to total warfare.

The following fable makes human beings ultimately

responsible. What lesson can we learn from it?
@W
balcong Iline 2]
A fable embroidered [:]
This fable is from Burma Inow MganmarJ. This is an old storg which trusted [6]
has been told mang times over manU gears market stall [23]
to lurk Iza]
g> The Drop of Honey <aR concern [+0]
€
ffi There was once a king who was eating his breakfast, sitting
on one of the many palace balconies. His deep red silk robe
languidlg Is+J
to side with [68J
was embroidered with gold elephants which sparkled as charred Iz+J
they caught the sun. He sat there, looking down onto his
5 subjects bustling about in the market in the street below.
Breakfasting with the king was his trusted minister who
came each morning to the king to tell him of the affairs of
state.

The king particularly like puffed rice for his breakfast. Over
10 it he poured the delicious honey made by bees which collected
nectat from the lilies and orchids in the palace gardens.
'Nothing can beat our honey,' he said as he filled his mouth.
'Only our bees can produce such delicate sweetness!'
'Indeed, that is so, Your Majesty,' agreed the minister.

15 Just then, a drop of honey fell from the king's rice onto the
edge of the balcony.'Let me clean that up, Your Majesty,'
said the minister, bending forward with a cloth.

'Oh no,' replied the king.'That's not our problem. Leave it

to the servants.'And so they continued with their breakfast,
115 20 talking of this and that.
 4
P,.eACe (

Meanwhile the drop of honeS warmed by the sun, dripped

down onto the street market below where people had set
up their stalls, fruit sellers wheeled their carts ,and a shepherd
stood with his herd of goats. Immediately a fly landed on
25 the drop of honey and started its own breakfast. A green
gecko noticed the fly.Its tongue flicked in and out as it lurked
in a dark crack of the' palace wall. Suddenly the fly had
disappeared down its throat.

But a cat saw the gecko as it darted back into its dark hiding
30 place. Cats are quick in their movements and before the
gecko had reached safety, the cat had pounced on it. But a
dog which had been stretched out asleep in the shade was
immediately awake. Up on his four legs in a second, he gave
one ferocious bark and leapt on the cat which hissed and
35 did her best to scratch the dog's eyes out.

Up on the balcony, the minister was a little worried about

the commotion.'Your Majesty'he said.'there's a nasty cat
and dog fight going on down there. Should we ask someone
to go out and stop it?'
40 'Don't worrg' said the king. 'Cats and dogs are always
fighting. It's not our problem. Have some more of this
wonderful honey.'

Meanwhile, the owners of the cat andthe dog had left their
market stalls and were trying to separate their animals. But
45 the cat's claws were vicious and the dog's teeth were dangerous,
so the owners started to shout at each other. Then the dog's
owner punched the cat's owner in the face. He, in turn, took
up a piece of wood and hit the dog owner over the head.

The minister saw the situation with growing concern.'Your

50 Majesty,I must insist,'he said.'Those two men are fighting
one another. Someone is going to be badly hurt. Shouldn't
we call someone to break it up?'

The king looked down as he dabbed the honey from his chin
with a crisp white napkin.'Leave them to it,' he said languidly.
55 'It's not our problem.' (,
 ffi

Meanwhile, the fight below in the street had grown worse.

Friends and family had gathered around the dog and cat
owners. To begin with, they cheered the two men on, but
then the families started to join in. Soon the two groups
60 were fighting each other. Stalls were upturned and some
people lay groaning on the ground, holding their heads.
Some men were wounded and bleeding.

The minister was becoming increasingly distressed.'Your

MajestS we must do something! The fight in the street is
65 getting worse!'

'Oh, do sit down, Minister!' replied the irritated king.

Now soldiers had arrived on the scene.At first they tried to
break up the fight, but then they also took sides. Some sided
with the cat's owner and some with the dog's owner. The
70 soldiers were armed and it wasn't long before one was killed.
Soon the whole town was fighting, and the country had
erupted into civil war. Houses were destroyed and the palace
was set on fire. Many people were killed and became homeless.

Days later, the king and his minister stood beside the charred
T5 ruins of the palace, and what was left of the town.'Perhaps
I was wrong,' said the king sadly.'Perhaps the drop of honey
was our problem after all.'

118
 llp

When words like king, queen

1 Find two adjectives in the storg that mean'extremelg fierce'? and minister are used as a

Ipage 117J general term theg are

2 Which word means'lazilg'? [page 117J spelled out in lower case

letters. However, when these
3 Write down sUnongms for'erupted' [tine?2) and 'charred'.
nouns are names of actual
(line 74J
people Iproper nounsJ, theg
4 What sort of action is described bg the verb 'to dab'? begin with a capital letter.
Iline 53J For exomple:
5 What is'nectar'? What does it have to do with honeg? The king was talking to his
Iline 11J ministers.
The irst king of Burma
f

IMganmar] was King

Anawratha 1L044- 107 7 ).
Aung San became Burmese
L Describe the scene set in the irst paragraph.
f Minister of War.
2 What happened duringthe king's breakfast that was to have
such important consequences?
3 What did the minister want to do when he saw the cat and
dog fighting?

4 What happened after the cat and dog started to fight?

5 Whg did so manU people get involved in the fighting?

6 What was the kingthinking at the verg end of the storg?

6
 q,

When words like king, queen

1 Find two adjectives in the storg that mean'extremelg fierce'? and minister are used as a

Ipage 117] general term theg are

2 Which word means'lazilg'? [page 117J spelled out in lower case

letters. However, when these
3 Write down sUnonums for'drupted' Iline 72) and'charred'.
nouns are names of actual
Iline 7+J
people Iproper nouns], theg
4 What sort of action is described bg the verb 'to dab'? begin with a capital letter.
Iline 53] For exomple:
5 What is'nectar'? What does it have to do with honeg? The king was talking to his
Iline 1r) ministers.
The first king of Burma
IMganmar] was King
Anawratha tL044- 107 7 ).
Aung San became Burmese
t Describe the scene set in the first paragraph. Minister of War.
2 What happened duringthe king's breakfast that was to have
such important consequences?
3 What did the minister want to do when he saw the cat and
dog fighting?

4 What happened after the cat and dog started to fight?

5 Whg did so manU people get involved in the fighting?

6 What was the kingthinking at the verg end of the storu?

€
E-

&Vritflmg a story$ime
Draw a vertical line. This is your storyline. Mark in the fall of
the drop of honey at the beginning of the line and the civil war
at the end.

a With a partner, read through the story again and along your
'storyline'mark in the events which lead eventually to the
civil war.
o When you have finished your time line, take it in turns to
tell each other the story in your own words.
3 Illustrate your storyline with cartoon frames of dramatic
moments from the story. @

Searching for meaning

The Drop of Honey is a fable. That means that the story can be
interpreted on two different levels. On one level, the story is
about what happened after a drop of honey fell from the palace
balcony. (this is a literal reading of what happened). On
another level it can be interpreted as metaphorical (that is, it
makes a more general point). What do you think the fable
teaches us?

Discuss with your group what the moral to the story is, and
what it has to say about human nature. Some questions to
help you:

3 Who is responsible for the war?

a Which animals behave most like humans?
o Can you think of any sayings that might teach us something
in response to this fable? (One might be 'Love thy
neighbour').

L20

lt
I
lt
 E
1a

1OO0 cranes for peace Glrr{t+*r

ln the following article gou will learn how origami, cranes and peace I cranes are elegant, long-legged
came together in the Iife of one veru courageous Uoung girl in Japan. I oira, which are found in mang
of the world, particularlg
I Rrrtt
Word origins I in wetlands. Red-crowned
cranes are common in Japan.
origomiis a traditional art form in Japan. ori in Japanese means unveiled: When a statue or
,fold,andgomimeanS.paper,.lnorigamithereisonlgonerule:no
monument is completed, a
scissors and no gluel ceremong is often held to
.. ji:'i:
: 1:: .
unveil it. The statue is covered
with cloth until is is unveiled.
Non-fiction Accompanging a statue or
monument there is often a
plaque with an inscription of
words that explain who the
memorial is dedicated to.
a

Y Wffi
atomic bomb Itine 9]
death toll [12)
after-effects Ir+J
leukaemia Ira]
atrocitg [:r]
An origami crane. Red-crowned cranes in their wetland inspiration [38]
habitat.
to extinguish Iss]
x> The Paper Cranes of Peace coR
There is a Japanese legend which says that whoever folds
@
one thousand origami cranes will live a long life. This legend
took on a new significance in 1955 with the death of a
twelve-year-old girl in Japan, Sadako Sasaki, who was born
5 in 1943.
'World 'War
Towards the end of the Second in 1945, the
United States of America decided to use an entirely new,
untested weapon to force Japan to surrender. On 6 August
1945,a829 bomber dropped the world's first atomic bomb
€
 €

irr@

10 on Hiroshima.The atomic bomb exploded 580 metres above

the city centre at 8.15 a.m. Tens of thousands of people were
killed instantly by the blast, and the death toll rose to between
180,000 and 200,000 over the following years as a result
of the terrible after-effects of the atomic bomb.
*
15 One of these victims was Sadako Sasaki. She was a healthy, ;
i
athletic and lively child until one day when she was practising
for a big race, she was overcome by dizziness and collapsed.
She was found to be suffering from leukaemia, cancer of the
blood, a direct result of contamination by the atomic bomb
20 when she was just two years old. Nowadays, some forms of
':. childhood leukaemia are curable, but in Japan in the 1950s,
it was called the'atom bomb disease', and known to be fatal.

More than anything else, Sadako wanted to recover and run

races once again. Her best friend told her about the legend
25 which said that anyone who folded one thousand paper
cranes would be granted a wish. Sadako's wish was to live
Sadako's monument in Hiroshima
a long life. She believed that every crane she folded represented
Peace Park.
a wish, and so she used every scrap of paper which could
be found for her to fold her cranes. Even as her friends
30 alongside her in the hospital died, she kept on folding - but
her wish changed. Now she wished that this kind of atrocity
I
would never happen again. There should be no more bombs
or wars. Her wish was for peace, so that neither children
nor adults should ever suffer and die like this agatt.

35 Sadako managed to fold 644 cranes before she could fold

no more. She died on 25 October 1,9 5 5 . Her classmates and
family folded the remaining 356 cranes to bury with her.
But her tremendous courage and hope had been an inspiration
to all who came to know of her paper-folding. Her friends
40 were determined that she should be remembered, and that
her wish should be fulfilled.

Young people from all over Japan contributed money for Paper cranes laid at the foot of

the project which would ensure that Sadako would never Sadako's monument in Hiroshima
Peace Park.
be forgotten. In 1958, a statue of Sadako holding a golden
L22

I
45 crane was unveiled in Hiroshima Peace Park. The wish of
the children who worked for the proiect is in the inscription
Which word means
at the bottom of the statue. It reads:
'which has not been tried
This is our cry
before'? [paragraph 2]
This is our prayer
50 Peace in the world Whlch word means'end
in death'? [paragraph 3 J

Todag the origami cranes have become a symbol of the wish

What word or phrase
for peace. People from all over Japan, and the world, fold could gou use instead of
paper cranes and send them to Sadako's monument in 'atrocitg'? [paragraph 4J
Hiroshima. Across the road from Sadako's Peace Monument
Explain the meanings of
ss is the Flame of Peace. It will be extinguished only when there
the following words:
are no more nuclear weapons on earth. Today it is still after-effects,
burning. contamination,
d izziness,
leukaemia.
Write down a word or
t What is origami? What is its essential rule? phrase which links all
four words.
2 What did the Japanese legend sag about folding origami
cranes? Which word could gou
use instead of
3 What happened in Hiroshima in Japan in t945? 'extinguished'? [tine 5s]
4 What were the immediate and long-term consequences of
what happened in L945?
5 How did Sadako's wish change as she folded her paper cranes
in hospital?
6 How have Sadako's friends all over the world helped to keep
her storg and her wish alive?
 ===l=====€i:=

Create yCIelr owxl ixraage of'peaee

How do the cartoons on this page contribute to the debate on
war and peace? What would your idea be for a peace
monument? Think of something simple like Sadako's origami
crane. Discuss your ideas with your group and draft a proposal.

e Look for inspiration in your country's history and traditions.

Is there an event or a person that particularly inspires you?
You might choose a real person or a
character of your own invention.
o Perhaps it is an image or an object from
the past that could form the basis for
your story or image idea? It could also be
something from the natural world.
o Do a rough sketch of your design, and
write aparagraph to explain the main
llERo IH /
features and what they mean. Your design
could be for a monument, a logo symbol WAR HERO
I
or a cartoon. @

t,

"irdi.l c0METITERE Axm-r 4,$/ pE&E EEFOTs?"

\
O 2 ),

\.

Peace doves f ight over olive branch

=i,lu,hr,t,

t24

I
 7
Identifying the words and s5rmbols for
peace
Where in the world would you hear the words for peace'
;:ip,, {, ir \- <, {, .-,.s'Q.a,
below? With a partner, identify as many as you can. Do you -2
;l
know any other words for peace not included in this list? Journal
a peace b pake c Frieden d hasiti ls gour ltto Pe,o'rzfitL?
e heiwa f fred g paz h pace Wh6.l c/.11 Uou dn Lo

i h6 ping j paix .kshanty lmir onc.o$Y aya Pear,e. around-

m amani n alam o su thai binh p wo'okeyeh gou ?

How many symbols of peace can you identify in the following

stamps? (Go back to pages ll2-13 to remind you of some of
the main ones).

Stamps from
across the world
designed to
promote world
peace.
cr1
ff
}}
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