Topical Questions Form 1 - Chemistry

QUESTIONS –CHEMISTRY
FORM ONE
INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY Q
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Answer ALL questions in this paper in the spaces provided.
___
1. Wooden splints F and G were placed in diferent ones of a Bunsen burner
fame.
The diagram below gives the observations that were made
(a) Explain the diference between F and G
(b)Name the type of fame that was used in the above experiment
2. (a) When the air-hole is fully opened, the bunsen burner produces a non-
luminous fame.
Explain
(c) Draw a labelled diagram of anon-luminous fame
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3. (a) What is a drug?
(b) Give two drugs that are commonly abused by the youth.
___
4. The diagram below shows three methods for collecting gases in the
laboratory
(a) Name the methods A and B
(b) From the methods above, identify one that is suitable for collecting
sulphur (IV) oxide.
Explain
5. A mixture of hexane and water was shaken and left to separate as shown in
the diagram below:
___
P
State the identity of;
(i) P ………………………………..……..
(ii) W ………………………………….….
6. The diagrams below are some common laboratory apparatus. Name each
apparatus and
state its use
Diagram Name Use
(½mk ) (½mk)
(½mk) (½mk)
7. The diagram below shows some parts of a Bunsen burner
___
Explain how the parts labelled T and U are suited to their functions
8. The diagram below shows the appearance of two pieces of paper placed in
diferent parts of a
non-luminous fame of a Bunsen burner and removed quickly before they
caught fre.
___
(a) What do the experiments show about the outer region of the fame?
(b)From the above experiment, which part of the fame is better to use for
heating? Give a reason
9. A crystal of copper (II) sulphate was placed in a beaker of water. The beaker
was left standing for
two days without shaking. State and explain the observations that were
made.
SIMPLE CLASSIFICATION OF SUBSTANCES

1. The diagram shows the results of an experiment to separate and identify the
colours present in two coloured mixtures, A and B.
Substances C, D, E and F are single colours.
___
(a) Name this method of separation.
........................................................................................... [1]
(b) Draw a line on the diagram to show the level of the solvent at the beginning
of the experiment. [1]
(c) Why should a pencil be used instead of a pen to draw the origin line?
.....................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 3]
2. A mixture of ethanol and water can be separated by fractional distillation. The

apparatus below can be used to carry out such a separation in the laboratory.
___
(a) Name each piece of apparatus.
A ………………………………………………………………………………
B ……………………………………………………………………………..
C ……………………………………………………………………………..[3]
(b) What is the purpose of D?
[1]
(c) How could the purity of the ethanol collected be checked?
[1]
[Total: 5]
3. Rema used the apparatus below to distil 100 cm3 of water-soluble ink.
___
apparatus A
not to scale
(a) Which processes occur during distillation?

Tick the correct box.
condensation then evaporation
evaporation then condensation
melting then boiling
melting then evaporation
1 mark
(b) Give the name of the colourless liquid that collects in the test-tube.
.....................................................
1 mark
(c) What would the temperature reading be on the thermometer when
the
ink has been boiling for two minutes?
..............°C
1 mark
(d) (i) Water at 15°C enters the condenser at X.

Predict the temperature of the water when it leaves the condenser
at Y.
..............°C
___
Explain this change of temperature.
.....................................................................................
.....................................................................................
1 mark
(ii) Give two ways in which the water vapour changes as it passes
down the glass tube in the condenser.
1. .....................................................................................
1 mark
2. .....................................................................................
1 mark
(e) Peter used the apparatus below to distil 100 cm3 of water-soluble
ink.
___
apparatus B
not to scale
Why is the condenser in apparatus A better than the glass tube

and beaker of water in apparatus B?
.....................................................................................
.....................................................................................
1 mark
maximum 7 marks
4. Atoms are made of electrons, neutrons and protons.
(a) Complete the table to show the relative mass and charge of an
electron, neutron and proton.
particle relative relative

mass charge
electron -1
neutron 1
proton
(4)
(b) The diagram shows the electronic structure of an atom of an

element.
× ×
× ×
×
× ×
× ×
×
× ×
×
× ×
× ×
(i) Name the element of which this is an atom.
Explain your answer.
........................................................................................
___
........................................................................................
(2)
(ii) What is the atomic number of this element?
........................................................................................
(1)
(iii) Describe the colour and physical state of this element at room
temperature.
........................................................................................
........................................................................................
(2)
(Total 9 marks)
5. The fow diagram below was used by a student to obtain solid L. Study it and
answer questions that follow.
i) Identify:
I Solid L (1mk)
II The type of reaction taking place in the boiler. (1mk)
ii) What is the role of sodium chloride in the mixer?
___
(1mk)
6. The diagrams represent the arrangement of atoms or molecules in four

diferent substances, A, B, C and D.
A B
C D
not to scale
Each of the circles, , and represents an atom of a diferent element.
(a) (i) Which substance is a compound?
…………
1 mark
(ii) Which substance is a mixture?
…………
1 mark
(iii) Which two substances are elements?
………… and …………
___
1 mark
(iv) Which two substances could be good thermal conductors?
………… and …………

1 mark
(v) Which substance could be carbon dioxide?
…………
1 mark
(b) The following experiment was set up. Test-tubes containing

substances B and C were placed together as shown. The
substances did not react.

They were left for fve minutes.
te s t-tu b e s p u t to g e th e r
m ix tu r e o f
s u b s ta n c e B a n d s u b s ta n c e C
s u b s ta n c e B s u b s ta n c e C
(i) How many molecules are there in the mixture compared to the
total number in substances B and C?
……………………………………….……………………………………….
1 mark
(ii) Complete the diagram which is a model of this experiment.
___
+
s u b s ta n c e B s u b s ta n c e C m ix tu r e
1 mark
Maximum 7 marks
ACIDS, BASES AND INDICATORS

1. Water from red cabbage can be used to fnd out if a liquid is acidic,
alkaline or neutral.
Type of liquid added to the cabbage colour of the

water cabbage water
acidic red
alkaline blue
neutral purple
John added three diferent liquids to the cabbage water.
(a) Use the information above to complete the table below.
Liquid added colour of the acidic, alkaline or
cabbage water neutral?
water purple
lemon juice acidic
washing up liquid blue
3 marks
(b) What word describes chemicals which change colour in acids or

alkalis?
___
flters indicators
liquids solids
1 mark
Maximum 4 marks
2. Table 1 below shows the colour of universal indicator in acidic, neutral

and alkaline solutions.
acidic neutra alkaline
l
colour red orang yello green blue dark purple
e w blue
table 1
Ramy tested diferent liquids with the indicator solution.

His results are shown in table 2 below.
liquid colour of indicator
solution
Milk green
lemonade orange
water green
fruit juice red
washing-up liquid blue
table 2
___
(a) Use Ramy’s results to answer the following questions.
(i) Give the name of one acidic liquid in table 2.
.....................................................................................
1 mark
(ii) Give the name of one neutral liquid in table 2.
.....................................................................................
1 mark
(b) Ramy dissolved some bicarbonate of soda in distilled water.

This produced an alkaline solution.
(i) Ramy added the indicator to the alkaline solution.
Suggest what colour the indicator became.

Use table 1 to help you.
................................................................
1 mark
(ii) Ramy added lemon juice to the solution of bicarbonate of soda.
___
How could he tell that a gas was produced?
.....................................................................................
1 mark
(c) Ramy mixed an acid with an alkali and tested the mixture with the
indicator solution.
The indicator solution turned green.
What is the name of the reaction between an acid and an alkali?

condensation
crystallisation
evaporation
neutralisation
1 mark
maximum 5 marks
3. The pH scale shown below is used to measure how acidic or alkaline a solution
is.
a c id ic n e u tra l a lk a lin e
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
p H s c a le
___
The graph below shows how the pH of the liquid in Barry's mouth
changed as he ate a meal.
8
p H o f th e B a rr y s ta rte d to e a t
liq u id in
B a r r y 's
m o u th 7
4
t im e
(a) (i) Use the graph to give the pH of the liquid in Barry's
mouth before he started to eat.
pH ..................
1 mark
(ii) What does this pH tell you about the liquid in Barry's mouth
before he started to eat?
Use the pH scale above to help you.

It was acidic. It was alkaline.It was colourless. It was

neutral.
___
1 mark
(b) Look at the graph above.

What happened to the pH of the liquid in Barry's mouth as he ate
the meal?
...........................................................................................
1 mark
(c) Barry chews special chewing gum after each meal. The chewing
gum neutralises the liquid in his mouth.
What type of substance neutralises an acid?

an acid an alkali
an indicator a solid
1 mark
Maximum 4 marks
4. The teacher gave two students a set of three colourless solutions, labelled X, Y
and Z.
He also gave them solution P which is an indicator. Solution P is colourless in
an acidic solution but pink in an alkaline solution.
The students added solution P to samples of the solutions X, Y and Z.
___
The fgure below shows the results.
solution X solution Y solution Z

colourless pink pink
(a) Decide whether solutions X, Y and Z are acidic or alkaline.
solution X ……………………………………………………………..
solution Y ……………………………………………………………..
solution Z …………………………………………………………….. [2]
(b) The students wanted to deduce the name of the acid. They carried out a
test that showed that the acid contained sulphate ions.
(i) Name the reagent that they added to the acid.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1]
(ii) Describe what they observed when this reagent was added to the acid.
…………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………… [1]
(iii) Name the acid.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1]
___
(c) The students placed about 1 cm3 of solution Y in a test-tube and added
one drop of solution P.
Then they added solution X, a few drops at a time. After a few drops had
been added there was no change in colour, but when more drops of solution
X had been added, the colour changed.
(i) There was no change in colour when the frst few drops of solution X had
been added. Why was this?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1]
(ii) Suggest how the colour changed when more drops of solution X were
added.
The colour changed from ……………………………
to……………………………………………………….. [1]
(iii) What kind of reaction took place between solution X and solution Y?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1]
[Total 8m]
___
AIR AND COMBUSTION.
1. The set-up below was used to prepare a sample of oxygen gas. Study it and
answer
the questions that follow.
H2O2
MnO2
(i) Complete the diagram to show how Oxygen can be collected
(ii) Write a chemical equation of the reaction to produce oxygen
2. Air was passed through several reagents as shown below:
Concentrated
sodium hydroxide Excess copper
Air
solution turnings
hydroxide
solution
Excess heated
Escaping magnesium
___
gases powder
(a) Write an equation for the reaction which takes place in the chamber
containing
Magnesium powder
(b) Name one gas which escapes from the chamber containing magnesium
powder.
Give a reason for your answer
3. (a) What is rust?
(b) Give two methods that can be used to prevent rusting
(c) Name one substance which speeds up the rusting process
4. 3.0g of clean magnesium ribbon 8.0g of clean copper metal were burnt
separately in
equal volume of air and both metals reacted completely with air;
a) State and explain where there was greater change in volume of air
Mg =24 Cu = 64
b) Write an equation for the reaction between dilute sulphuric acid and
product of burnt copper
___
5. Oxygen is obtained on large scale by the fractional distillation of air as
shown on the fow
chart bellow.
a) Identify the substance that is removed at the fltration stage
b) Explain why Carbon (IV) oxide and water are removed before liquefaction
of air
c) Identify the component that is collected at -186°C
___
6. The set-up below was used to study some properties of air.
Moist iron wool
Test tube
Beaker
Water
State and explain two observations that would be made at the end of the
experiment
7. A form two student in an attempt to stop rusting put copper and Zinc in
contact with iron
as shown:-
Iron
Copper
Zinc
(i)
(ii)
___
(b)State whether rusting occurred after one week if the set-ups were left out
(b) Explain your answer in (a) above
8. In an experiment, a piece of magnesium ribbon was cleaned with steel wool.

2.4g of
the clean magnesium ribbon was placed in a crucible and completely
burnt in oxygen.
After cooling the product weighed 4.0g
(c) Explain why it is necessary to clean magnesium ribbon
(d)What observation was made in the crucible after burning magnesium

ribbon?
(e) Why was there an increase in mass?
(f) Write an equation for the major chemical reaction which took place in the
crucible
e) The product in the crucible was shaken with water and fltered. State and
explain the
___
observation which was made when red and blue litmus paper were
dropped into the fltrate
9. In an experiment a gas jar containing some damp iron fllings was inverted
in a water trough
containing some water as shown in the diagram below. The set-up was left
un-disturbed for three
days. Study it and answer the questions that follow:
Damp iron
fillings
Inverted gas jar
Water
Trough
Water
(a) Why were the iron flings moistened?

b) State and explain the observation made after three days.
(c) State two conclusions made from the experiment.
d) Draw a labelled set-up of apparatus for the laboratory preparation of

oxygen using
Sodium Peroxide
(e) State two uses of oxygen
10. In an experiment, a piece of magnesium ribbon was cleaned with steel
wool. 2.4g of the clean
magnesium ribbon was placed in a crucible and completely burnt in
oxygen. After cooling the
product weighed 4.0g
a) Explain why it is necessary to clean magnesium ribbon
b) What observation was made in the crucible after burning magnesium
ribbon?
___
c) Why was there an increase in mass?
d) Write an equation for the major chemical reaction which took place in the
crucible
e) The product in the crucible was shaken with water and fltered. State and
explain the
observation which was made when red and blue litmus paper were
dropped into the fltrate
11. The set-up below was used to collect gas F produced by the reaction
between sodium
peroxide and water
(i) Name gas F……………………………………………………………………………
(ii) At the end of the experiment, the solution in the round bottomed fask
was found to be
a strong base. Explain why this was so
(iii) Which property of gas F makes it be collected by the method used in the
___
set-up?
(iv) Give one industrial use of gas F
12. . The set-up below was used to investigate properties of the components of
air:
Gas jar
Phosphorous
Water
(i) State two observations made during the experiment
(ii) Write two chemical equations for the reactions which occurred
(iii) The experiment was repeated using burning magnesium in place of

phosphorous.
There was greater rise of water than in the frst case. Explain this
observation
(iv) After the two experiments, the water in each trough was tested using
blue and red litmus
papers. State and explain the observations of each case.
___
(a) Phosphorous experiment
b) magnesium experiment
(v) Briefy explain how a sample of nitrogen gas can be isolated from air in
the laboratory
13. (a) A group of students burnt a piece of Mg ribbon in air and its ash
collected in a Petri dish. The ash was found to comprise of magnesium Oxide and
Magnesium nitride
(i) Write an equation for the reaction leading to formation of the
magnesium nitride
(ii) A little water was added to the products in the Petri dish. State and
explain the
observation made.
(iii) A piece of blue litmus paper was dipped into the solution formed in
above.
b) State the observation made.
14. A form one class carried out an experiment to determine the active part of
air. The diagram
below shows the set-up of the experiment and also the observation made.
(i) At the beginning (ii) observation at the end
___
Ycm
Air
Solid A
(a) (i) Identify substance M

..................................................................................
(ii) State two reasons for the suitability of substance M for this experiment
(b) Write the equation for the reaction of substance M and the active part of air
(c) (i) Using the letters Y and X write an expression for the percentage of the
active part of air
(ii) The expression in (c)(i) above gives lower value than the expected.
Explain
(d) (i) Explain the observation made when litmus paper is dipped into the
beaker at the end of the
experiment
(ii) Name the active part of air
................................................................................................
(iii) Suggest another method that can be used to determine the active part
of air
___
15. A piece of phosphorous was burnt in excess air. The product obtained was
shaken with a small
amount of hot water to make a solution
i) Write an equation for the burning of phosphorus in excess air
ii) The solution obtained in (b) above as found to have pH of 2. Give

reasons for this
observation
16. Study the set-up below and answer the questions that follow:-
Iron nails
(a) State two observations that would be made after one week. Explain
(b) Write the equation of the reaction taking place in the test-tube
17. Fe3O4 and FeO are oxides of iron which can be produced in the laboratory
(a) Write chemical equation for the reaction which can be used to produce
each of the oxides
(b) Wire an ionic equation for the reaction between the oxide, Fe3O4 and a
dilute acid.
18. Below is a list of oxides.

MgO, N2O, K2O, CaO ans Al2O3
___
Select:-
a) A neutral oxide.
b) A highly water soluble basic oxide.
c) An oxide which can react with both sodium hydroxide solution and dilute
hydrochloric acid.
19. The diagram below shows students set-up for the preparation and collection
of oxygen gas
Oxygen gas
Sodium
peroxide
(a) Name substance X used
(b) Write an equation to show the reaction of sodium peroxide with the
substance named in 1(a)
WATER AND HYDROGEN - QUESTIONS
1. (a) Hydrogen can reduce coppers Oxide but not aluminium oxide. Explain
(b) When water reacts with potassium metal the hydrogen produced ignites
explosively
on the surface of water.
(d)What causes this ignition?
___
(ii) Write an equation to show how this ignition occurs
2. In an experiment, dry hydrogen gas was passed over hot copper (II) oxide in
a combustion
tube as shown in the diagram below:-
(a) Complete the diagram to show how the other product, substance R could
be collected
in the laboratory.
(b) Describe how copper could be obtained from the mixture containing
copper (II) oxide
___
3. The setup below was used to investigate the reaction between metals and
water.
(a) Identify solid X and state its purpose

Solid X ………………..
………………………………………………………………………..
Purpose
………………………………………………………………………………………..
(b) Write a chemical equation for the reaction that produces the fame.
4. Gas P was passed over heated magnesium ribbon and hydrogen gas was
collected as shown
in the diagram below:
(i) Name gas P
...............................................................................................................
(e) Write an equation of the reaction that takes place in the combustion tube
(f) State one precaution necessary at the end of this experiment
___
5. When hydrogen is burnt and the product cooled, the following results are
obtained as shown
in the diagram below:
Clamp Clamp
Burning hydrogen Ice cold water
Dry hydrogen
Liquid Y
(c) Write the equation for the formation of liquid Y
(b) Give a chemical test for liquid Y
6. Jane set-up the experiment as shown below to collect a gas. The wet sand
was heated before
heating Zinc granules
Wet sand
___
(a) Complete the diagram for the laboratory preparation of the gas
(b) Why was it necessary to heat wet sand before heating Zinc granules?
7.
(g)Between N and M which part should be heated frst? Explain
(h)Write a chemical equation for the reaction occurring in the combustion

tube.

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QUESTIONS –CHEMISTRY

Answer ALL questions in this paper in the spaces provided.

(a) Explain the diference between F and G

(c) Draw a labelled diagram of anon-luminous fame

(a) Name the methods A and B

State the identity of;

Diagram Name Use

7. The diagram below shows some parts of a Bunsen burner

SIMPLE CLASSIFICATION OF SUBSTANCES

2. A mixture of ethanol and water can be separated by fractional distillation. The

(b) What is the purpose of D?

(c) How could the purity of the ethanol collected be checked?

(a) Which processes occur during distillation?

condensation then evaporation

evaporation then condensation

melting then boiling

melting then evaporation

(d) (i) Water at 15°C enters the condenser at X.

Why is the condenser in apparatus A better than the glass tube

4. Atoms are made of electrons, neutrons and protons.

particle relative relative

(b) The diagram shows the electronic structure of an atom of an

Explain your answer.

(ii) What is the atomic number of this element?

II The type of reaction taking place in the boiler. (1mk)

ii) What is the role of sodium chloride in the mixer?

6. The diagrams represent the arrangement of atoms or molecules in four

Each of the circles, , and represents an atom of a diferent element.

(a) (i) Which substance is a compound?

(ii) Which substance is a mixture?

(iii) Which two substances are elements?

………… and …………

(iv) Which two substances could be good thermal conductors?

………… and …………

(v) Which substance could be carbon dioxide?

(b) The following experiment was set up. Test-tubes containing

substances did not react.

(ii) Complete the diagram which is a model of this experiment.

ACIDS, BASES AND INDICATORS

Type of liquid added to the cabbage colour of the

John added three diferent liquids to the cabbage water.

(a) Use the information above to complete the table below.

Liquid added colour of the acidic, alkaline or

(b) What word describes chemicals which change colour in acids or

2. Table 1 below shows the colour of universal indicator in acidic, neutral

Ramy tested diferent liquids with the indicator solution.

(i) Give the name of one acidic liquid in table 2.

(ii) Give the name of one neutral liquid in table 2.

(b) Ramy dissolved some bicarbonate of soda in distilled water.

(i) Ramy added the indicator to the alkaline solution.

Suggest what colour the indicator became.

What is the name of the reaction between an acid and an alkali?

Use the pH scale above to help you.

It was acidic. It was alkaline.It was colourless. It was

(b) Look at the graph above.

What type of substance neutralises an acid?

The students added solution P to samples of the solutions X, Y and Z.

solution X solution Y solution Z

(a) Decide whether solutions X, Y and Z are acidic or alkaline.

solution Z …………………………………………………………….. [2]

(iii) Name the acid.

(i) Complete the diagram to show how Oxygen can be collected

(ii) Write a chemical equation of the reaction to produce oxygen