Evaluation of Bentham’s Utilitarianism Regime: a Critical Analysis

Naxalite Problem in

Chhattishgarh:Challenges and Policy Option

Submitted to: Dr. Avinash Samal

Submitted by: Deepak Maheshwari

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 Evaluation of Bentham’s Utilitarianism Regime: a Critical Analysis

Section: B

Special Project for Semester: 6th, B.A L.L.B (Hons.)

Hidayatullah National Law University,

Uparwara Post, Abhanpur, New Raipur – 493661 (C.G.)

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 Evaluation of Bentham’s Utilitarianism Regime: a Critical Analysis

Declaration.
I, Deepak Maheshwari, hereby declare that, the project work entitled, “Naxalite Problem in

Chhattishgarh:Challenges and Policy Option”submitted to H.N.L.U., Raipur is a record and

an original work done by me the able guidance of Dr. B.K. Mahakul, Faculty Member, H.N.L.U

Deepak Maheshwari

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 Evaluation of Bentham’s Utilitarianism Regime: a Critical Analysis

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

At the outset, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude and gratefulness to my

teacher Dr. Avinash Samal, for putting his trust in me and giving me a project topic such as this

and for having the faith in me to present my report in the best possible way. I would also like to

thank him for the guidance he provided during the tenure of my working in this project. Sir,

thank you for providing me with an opportunity that helped me to grow.

My gratitude also goes out to the staff and administration of Hidayatullah National Law

University for providing the infrastructural facilities in the form of our library and IT Lab that

was a source of great help for the completion of this project.

Last but not the least, a heartfelt thanks to my seniors and friends who were there to help

me out even in the oddest of hours. Without them all this project wouldn’t be what it is.

Thanking you all sincerely,

Deepak Maheshwari

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 Evaluation of Bentham’s Utilitarianism Regime: a Critical Analysis

Table of Contents

OBJECTIVES.............................................................................................................................................5
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY................................................................................................................5
INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................6
PRINCIPLE OF UTILITY..........................................................................................................................8
PRINCIPLES ADVERSE TO THAT OF UTILITY................................................................................................10
PLEASURE AND PAIN...........................................................................................................................11
CONCLUSION.........................................................................................................................................13
BIBLIOGRAPHY.....................................................................................................................................14

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 Evaluation of Bentham’s Utilitarianism Regime: a Critical Analysis

OBJECTIVES

The major objectives of this project are as follows:

 To understand Bentham’s Utilitarianism Regime

 To analyse the Utilitarianism theory
 To study about the Principle of Utility

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This Research Project is descriptive and critical in nature. Accumulation of the information on

the topic includes wide use of secondary sources like books, e-articles etc. The matter from these

sources has been compiled to prepare this project work.

Websites, dictionaries and articles have also been referred.

The structure of the project, as instructed by the Faculty of Political Science has been adhered to

and the same has been helpful in giving the project a fine finish off.

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 Evaluation of Bentham’s Utilitarianism Regime: a Critical Analysis

INTRODUCTION
A Naxal or Naxalite is a member of any of the Communist guerrilla groups in India, mostly
associated with the Communist Party of India (Maoist). The term Naxal derives from the name
of the village Naxalbari in West Bengal, where the movement had its origin. Naxalites are
considered far-left radical communists, supportive of Maoist political sentiment and ideology.
Their origin can be traced to the split in 1967 of the Communist Party of India (Marxist), leading
to the formation of the Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist). Initially the movement had
its centre in West Bengal. In later years, it spread into less developed areas of rural southern and
eastern India, such as Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana through the activities
of underground groups like the Communist Party of India (Maoist).

According to Maoist sympathisers, the Indian Constitution "ratified colonial policy and made the
state custodian of tribal homelands", turning tribal populations into squatters on their own land
and denied them their traditional rights to forest produce. These Naxalite conflicts began in the
late 1960s with the prolonged failure of the Indian government to implement constitutional
reforms to provide for limited tribal autonomy with respect to natural resources on their lands,
e.g. pharmaceutical and mining, as well as pass 'land ceiling laws', limiting the land to be
possessed by landlords and distribution of excess land to landless farmers and labourers. In
Scheduled Tribes areas, disputes related to illegal alienation of ST land to non-tribal people, still
common, gave rise to the Naxalite movement. There are eight district in Chhattisgarh who is
worse in Naxal effect they are Bastar,Bijapur,kondagaon,Narayanpur,Rajnandgaon,Sukma,

Kanker and Dantewadra after that two revenue district Mahasambund and Gariyband where
Naxalite problem is there

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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY-

This project work is descriptive & analytical in approach. It is largely based on the analysis of
Naxalite Problem in Chhattisgarh Challenges and Policy option. Books & other references as
guided by faculty of English are primarily helpful for the completion of this project.

OBJECTIVE-

HISTORY

The term Naxalites comes from Naxalbari, a small village in West Bengal, where a section of the
Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI-M) led by Charu Majumdar, Kanu Sanyal, and Jangal
Santhal initiated an uprising in 1967. On 18 May 1967, the Siliguri Kishan Sabha, of which
Jangal was the president, declared their support for the movement initiated by Kanu Sanyal, and
their readiness to adopt armed struggle to redistribute land to the landless.[18] The following
week, a sharecropper near Naxalbari village was attacked by the landlord's men over a land
dispute. On 24 May, when a police team arrived to arrest the peasant leaders, it was ambushed by
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a group of tribals led by Jangal Santhal, and a police inspector was killed in a hail of arrows.
This event encouraged many Santhal tribals and other poor people to join the movement and to
start attacking local landlords.[19]
These conflicts go back to the failure to implement the 5th and 6th Schedules of the Constitution
of India.[20][neutrality is disputed] In theory these Schedules provide for a limited form of tribal
autonomy with regard to exploiting natural resources on their lands, e.g. pharmaceutical and
mining, and 'land ceiling laws', limiting the land to be possessed by landlords and distribution of
excess land to landless farmers and labourers.
Mao Zedong provided ideological leadership for the Naxalbari movement, advocating that Indian
peasants and lower class tribals overthrow the government and upper classes by force. A large
number of urban elites were also attracted to the ideology, which spread through Charu
Majumdar's writings, particularly the 'Historic Eight Documents' which formed the basis of
Naxalite ideology.[21]

DEMAND-

Citing the goals of the agrarian movement and the "land to the tiller" slogan, the main aim of the
Naxalites is to change the present system of India's governance, and to establish socialist-
communist rule. The CPI-Maoists call this a "democratic revolution, which would remain
directed against imperialism, feudalism and comprador bureaucratic capitalism", according to a
press release cited by the South Asian Terrorism Portal. In order to succeed in their mission, the
Naxalites are reportedly working to build a base of popular support, tackling socio-economic
problems such as the failure of governance, getting involved in anti-mining agitation, and
fighting land acquisition and discrimination based on caste. They establish bases in remote areas,
among poor and impoverished communities. These areas are usually in the forested and
mountainous parts of southern, central and eastern India; home to about 84 million tribal or
indigenous Adivasi people. They are subsistence farmers, and many live in extreme poverty,
with a lack of basic services.
The Maoists say they have taken up the Adivasi cause. The lack of basic amenities, including
roads, healthcare, education, drinking water and effective governance provides the Maoists with

an ideal community in which to propagate ideas of a "new democratic revolution".

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NAXAL ATTACK IN DARBHA VALLEY

CHHATTISHGARH- On 25 May 2013, Naxalite insurgents of the Communist
Party of India (Maoist) attacked a convoy of Indian National Congress leaders in the Darbha
Valley in the Sukma district of Chhattisgarh, India. The attack caused at least 27 deaths, including
that of former state minister Mahendra Karma and Chhattisgarh Congress chief Nand Kumar Patel.
[2]
 Vidya Charan Shukla, a senior Congress leader, succumbed to his injuries on 11 June 2013

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