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Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter includes the design which employed in the conduct of

study, the sampling techniques which determined the respondents out of a

target population, the instruments used in the gathering of pertinent data and

the procedure followed. Included also are the statistical tools used in treating

the data gathered.

Research Design

The type of research that was used by the researchers is the

descriptive method. This method describes data and characteristics about the

population or phenomenon being studied (Calderon 2016).

This research method is also used for frequencies, averages and other

statistical calculations. Often the best approach to writing descriptive

research, is conducting a survey investigation.

In addition, the goal of descriptive research is to describe a

phenomenon and its characteristics. This research is more concerned with

what rather than how or why something has happened. Therefore,

observation and survey tools are often used to gather data (Gall, Gall, & Borg,

2015).

Since the researcher will survey questionnaires, the method to be used

will be descriptive method in order gather data and reliable sources of

information to determine the impact of using metacognitive skills to the

students’ writing skills.

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Respondents of the Study

Figure 2. Locale of the Study

Figure 2 shows the map of the Province of Laguna taken from google

maps where the study was conducted.

The population of the respondents was composed of three (3) public

selected secondary schools in the Division of Laguna.

The researchers used purposive sampling in choosing the

respondents. Creswell (2015) asserts that purposeful sampling, which is the

intended selection of persons in a particular subgroup who share defining

characteristics. Patton (2012) explains how using purposive sampling allows

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a researcher to choose “information rich cases” which illuminates the

research question being explored.

Research Procedure

The research started by group collaboration on the title formulation.

After coming up with the research title, the researchers proceeded with the

gathering of related literature and studies through internet sources.

After the gathering of the related literature and studies, the researchers

formulated the research instruments through google form then distributed to

the selected junior high schools in the Division of Laguna.

Upon completing the number of accomplished survey-questionnaires

retrieved i.e., at least 70% of the total target sample, the researchers

analyzed and tabulated the data gathered. These data were treated using the

statistical tools.

Research Instrument

For the purposes of this research, a validated survey-questionnaire

was the most essential and valid instrument to be used. It is simply a set of

questions which will be answered by the respondents in order to supply the

necessary information about this study.

The researchers used survey questionnaire specifically checklist type

of survey as the primary instrument in this study. A checklist also known as

ticklist or chart works as an inventory of behaviors or skills where the

researcher checks indicators that are being observed (Hodder Education &
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Hachette UK Company, 2017). In addition, a checklist provides more

information if the researcher records additional comments on the context.

For part I, the instrument focused on the frequency of students’ use of

metacognitive strategy in terms of planning, monitoring, controlling, evaluating

and self-regulating the learning process. In each statement, the respondents

are expected to tell how frequent they use their metacognitive skills by ticking

in the appropriate box such as always (5), usually (4), sometimes (3), rarely

(2), or never (1).

Part II focused on the mean level of students’ writing skills in terms of

capitalization, punctuation, and spelling. For capitalization and punctuation,

respondents were asked to proofread some sentences. While, for spelling,

the respondents were asked to click the correct spelling of a particular word.

Statistical Treatment of Data

Table 1 presents the statistical tools used in the study . The statistical

tools that were used in the study were frequency, weighted mean and linear

regression. Frequency was used to measure the students’ use of

metacognitive strategy in terms of planning, monitoring, controlling, evaluating

and self-regulating the learning process. Weighted mean was used to get the

mean level of students’ writing skills in terms of capitalization, punctuation,

and spelling. While simple linear regression was used to identify the impact of

using metacognitive strategy on the students’ writing skills.

Table 1. The Problems and the Statistical Treatment Used

Statement of the Problem Statistical Treatment
To determine the frequency of the students’ Frequency and Percentage
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use of metacognitive strategy in terms of were used

planning, monitoring, controlling, evaluating

and self-regulating the learning process.

To determine the mean level of students’ Weighted Mean was used

writing skills in terms of capitalization,

punctuation, and spelling

To determine the impact of using cognitive Linear Regression was used

skills to the students’ writing skills.