LITERATURE REVIEW OF BOGUS BUYERS IN ONLINE SELLING IN THE

PHILIPPINES

A Research Study

Presented to the

Faculty of the Compostela National High School ( Day Class)

Cebu Province

In Partial Fulfilment

Of the Requirements for

RESEARCH PROJECT

GRADE 12 - ABM

ARRIETA, LHIE IAN O.

APRIL 2021

1
 APPROVAL SHEET

This research proposal entitled EFFECT OF BOGUS BUYERS TO STUDENT

ONLINE SELLERS IN COMPOSTELA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL” prepared and

submitted by Lhie Ian O. Arrieta, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Grade 12

Research Project has been examined and recommended for acceptance and approval for

Oral Examination.

Approved with a grade of .

APPROVED AND ACCEPTED in partial fulfillment of the requirements for

Grade 12- Research Project

Comprehensive Examination:
Date of Oral Examination:

MARITES G. ARCILLA RN, MAN, DMc, LPT

SHS-Research Teacher

2
 ABSTRACT

Title: EFFECTS OF BOGUS BUYERS TO STUDENT ONLINE SELLERS IN

COMPOSTELA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Name: LHIE IAN O. ARRIETA

Specialization: ACCOUNTANCY AND BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

School: COMPOSTELA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL (DAY CLASS)

School year: 2020-2021

Adviser: MRS. MARIA REMAVIE LONGAKIT ANDRIN

No. Of pages:

Keywords: EFFECT OF BOGUS BUYERS TO STUDENT ONLINE SELLERS

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The ABM strand of the Compostela National High School funded this study. The

researcher would like to thank the Compostela National High School Student Online

Sellers and all those who contributed to this study, as well as Mrs. Marites G. Arcilla for

her patient guidance, enthusiastic encouragement, and suggestions for improvement of this

research work.

In addition, the researcher would like to express his heartfelt gratitude to the

following individuals: Ms. Chylechkina Olivar, Mrs. Llaesaa Avila, and Ms. Renielle Kaye

Pareja for their assistance and insightful comments of this research work.

The researcher would like to express his heartfelt gratitude to his parents and

relatives, who provided him with unwavering emotional and financial support throughout.

Finally, the researcher expresses his heartfelt thanks and worship to the Almighty

God, who made it all possible, for showering him with unending divine enlightenment and

spiritual support.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title Page 1
Approval Sheet 2
Abstract 3
Dedication 4
Table of Contents 5
List of Table
List of Figures
Chapter 1: THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE
Introduction
Rationale of the Study 6
Theoretical –Conceptual Background of the Study 7
The Problem
Statement of the Problem 7
Significance of the Study 8
Definition of Terms 9
Review of Related Literature
Related Literature 14
Related studies
Overall Summary
Chapter 2: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Method to be Used 16
Research Environment 17
Research Respondents 17
Research Instrument 18
Data Gathering Procedure 19
Statistical Treatment 20
BIBLIOGRAPHY 20

APPENDICES
Appendix A- Transmittal Letter 22
Appendix B- Research Questionnaire 23
Appendix C- Documentation 26

Curriculum Vitae 27

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 Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

INTRODUCTION

Rationale of the study

The persisting pandemic has led to an all-time-high in unemployment rates. Many

citizens are left stuck at homes, scraping for a livelihood to make ends meet, and looking to the

nearest possessions to make money out of online (Austria,2020).

Online business is one of the technological advancements making the process more

effectively and convenient. Though these services, like buying clothes greatly attract

thecustomers whom preferred shopping that are dealt from website. However, in this case, the

existing of bogus buyers might affect the income of the owners of online business. This problem

is sensitive for the online sellers against the behavior of bogus buyers, which they cover the

payment in order to avoid to have a big loss on their income. The researcher attempts to know

the effect of bogus buyers to student online seller, and how then handle the bogus buyers. The

existence of bogus buyers gives threat to the online seller that might affect their income and

transaction in the online business.

To make this study reliable, this study will seek an existing evidence that are related to

the research topic. According to Dr. Ian Zimmerman (2014), being a bogus buyer is a

psychological condition called “Impulse Buying Tendency” he states that “some people possess

a personality trait called an impulse buying tendency, which as you may have guessed means

they have a habit of making impulsive purchases”.

Today, sellers prefer to go into online business because many customers want to

purchase and reserve certain products, but most of the research conducted is about experienced

scam online services that influence a customer purchasing behavior. In that case, this type of

research is a challenge for the researcher. This study aim is to concentrate on the situations of

student online sellers to assess competence and how the bogus buyers are handled.

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 Comprised to those online sellers in Compostela National High School allows to speak

and express their thoughts about the behavior of bogus buyers. The researcher will take the

responsibilities to limit the questions which the informant will be asked during the survey. Both

of them must be aware of the limitations on details which will not contravene their respective

authorities. In order to create a framework of credible information about online sellers’

experiences by a virtue of knowledge.

Theoretical – Conceptual Background of the study

The flow of the study can be shown in the diagrammatic format showing the Independent

variable, Control Variable, and Dependent variable as summarized below.

Income/Profit
Control Variable
Literature review of Bogus
Buyers in online selling in
the Philippines
Independent

Student Online seller

Dependent

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework

Explanation: In this conceptual framework, it is expected that the student online sellers who

underwent effects of bogus buyers will aim better knowledge than those who did not.

THE PROBLEM

Statement of the Problem

This present study attempted to evaluate the Literature review of bogus buyers in online

selling in the Philippines as perceived by student online sellers respondents. Specifically, this

sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the demographic profile of respondents in terms of?

1.1 Sex

1.2 Grade level

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 2. How does bogus buyers affect online sellers?

3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of online selling as perceived by Student

online sellers?

4. What are the problems encountered by the sellers who engaging in online selling

business?

5. Why does participants engage in online selling form of business?

6. Based on the findings of the study, what are the steps/plan may be prepared to raise

awareness on the practicability and effect of bogus buyers to Student online sellers?

Scope and Delimitation of the study

This study aimed to evaluate the Literature review of bogus buyers in online selling in the

Philippines. It considers the personal information of the student online sellers such as sex, grade

level. However, because of the restriction and protocols to be followed and time is limited, the

researcher limits the respondents to only senior high school online sellers in Compostela

National High School Day class that are randomly chosen to answer the questionnaire.

Significance of the study

The researcher were firmly believed to benefits the students, consumers, current and

future researcher and online sellers.

To the Students: It may serve as a guide for students who will be pursuing similar studies. And

it could be their source of information for coming up with the idea of starting this type of

business.

To the Customers. To educate them on the various advantages and disadvantages of online

selling. To change their perception of online sellers.

To Present Researchers. As ABM students, this study is beneficial to the current researchers

because it allows them to put their classroom learnings into practice.

Future Researchers: This study will benefit future researchers by serving as secondary data for

their studies related to this research.

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To Online Sellers: This will teach them how to deal with bogus buyers and will inform the

community about their difficulties with online selling. And provide them with immediate

solutions to this study.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

For better understanding of the study, the following terms were conceptually and operationally

defined:

Business - A business is defined as an organization or enterprising entity engaged in

commercial, industrial, or professional activities. Businesses can be for-profit entities or non-

profit organizations that operate to fulfill a charitable mission or further a social

cause(investopedia.com., 2019). It is creating wealth and giving employment to people and it

helps on shaping the society.

Bogus buyers - This is the term of the sellers online for the scammers who will reserved for the

selling item over the internet, text messages and chat. They will reserved and meet you up in a

place where you agreed to have your meet up or where you usually do meet ups and after all the

waiting and wasting time, that buyer will not shown up! That is painful! And that’s what you

called Bogus Buyer.(Good Man news,2010).

Marketing - Marketing is the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating,

communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients,

partners, and society at large. (ama.org,2013). Researchers use this term as an activity on how

the online seller market the products.

Online - Devices such as printers and scanners are considered to be online when they are

running and connected to a computer system. In regards to connection to the Internet or other

network, computers would technically be considered to be online when they are connected to a

network (such an intranet), but most people use the term to refer to Internet connection only

(Techopedia, 2019). Researchers use this term as a sign that online sellers are active on social

media.

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Online Selling - The act or process of selling goods, product or services online via internet or

mobile app, auction site, online classified advertisement, online shop, social networking, social

media or web shop(definitions.net, 2019). In this study, it refers to the type of selling employed

by the sellers which is the subjects of the study.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter will primarily discuss previous research done by other researchers in a

similar area to the current study. Citations from authors of books, journals, articles, theses, and

dissertations, among other things, will be presented in this section of the study.

Conceptual literature

This section of the study of the review of related literature includes all of the information

based on articles, journals, and books.

Online selling business

Because of the power of the internet, millennials or generation Z are the most influential

people in online selling. Some social media addicts have become online sellers. They simply

purchased the items wholesale, photographed them, and posted them on social media with their

contact information to sell. Being a seller is simple; you simply need to monitor your account

and respond to inquiries. There is no need to rent a space because it can be done at home. In this

type of business, you do not need to issue an official receipt or register your business name with

DTI because there is no specific regulation or protection in place at the moment. It is entirely

based on trust. Make sure that the online seller has various proof of shipment or transactions

record of various clients and it is posted at the seller’s online page or personal account. Also it

has lots of positive comments and satisfied clients on the page/account and minimal

complaints(Motoomull,2017). Online buying and selling has become an important part of many

people lives. Students and presents rely on the internet to acquire and sell textbooks at affordable

prices, virtual stores allow people to shop from the comfort of their homes without the pressure

of a salesperson, an online marketplace provide a new and more convenient venue for the

exchange of virtually all types of goods and services (Shahidan,2016).Online buying, the rate of

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diffusion and adoption of the online buying amongst consumers is still relatively low in India. In

view of above problem an empirical study of online buying behavior was undertaken. Based on

literature review, four predominant psychographic parameters namely attitude, motivation,

personality and trust were studied with respect to online buying. The online buying decision

process models based on all the four parameters were designed after statistical analysis. These

models were integrated with business intelligence, knowledge management and data mining to

design Behavioral Business Intelligence framework with a cohesive view of online buyer

behavior (Srivastava, Lanjewar 2011).

Advantages

On the other hand, online buyers don’t always need to go to the mall to get the items they

want. The product can be delivered via meet-ups or directly to your door (Motoomull, 2017).

Market access is simple. In many ways, entrepreneurs’ access to the market has never been

easier. Online marketplaces like eBay and Amazon enable anyone to set up a simple online shop

and sell products in minutes (Nibusinessinfo.com).There is no time limit for opening. Upselling

and cross selling are two key sales strategies you can use to increase your online sales. Offering

products that are directly related to the products that the customer has just chosen to purchase is

an example of up selling. Products with a low cost so that the customer does not have to think

about it, and they usually complement the purchase they have already made, making it an easy

buying decision. You encourage the average basket value to rise by doing so.You can also

employ a range of powerful marketing initiatives on your website to encourage interest from new

customers such as call’s to action and special, time sensitive offers. These encourage prospects to

take action whilst on your site and therefore increase your conversion rate from visit or to sale

(Williamson, 2013).

Disadvantages

Technical issues such as downtown internet websites of your outages are the equivalent of

losing power in a tradition e-commerce site involves specialized technical skills, but may of

these and processing sales in a brick and mortar environment. Never the less, the expertise to

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overcome this potential problem area. As online security want to maintain a positive online

business reputation (Bush, 2017).An e-commerce site will always have an impersonal quality to

it, because a real person is not able to provide a free sample or greet your customer walking

through your online door. Many sites have addressed this challenge by offering the ability to chat

online with a sales representative. Video chats add yet another visual touch with an extra element

of personal service. Another promising approach is to provide a phone number to facilitate a

personalized conversation. (Bush, 2017).Security and fraud the growth of online retail market

has attracted the attention of sophisticated criminal elements. The reputation of your business

could be fatally damaged if you don’t invest in the latest security systems to protect your website

and transaction processes. See e-commerce pitfalls – security weaknesses (Nibusinessinfo.com).

Problem that may encounter in online selling.

Cybercrime online sellers make every effort to appear trustworthy. However, for the

majority of online shoppers in the country, all online retail entities are viewed as a whole. In the

eyes of online buyers, if one seller on a marketplace sells counterfeit goods, the entire

marketplace becomes a trap. When you look closely, you will notice that cybercrime is not

limited to sellers (Browntape,2016).Too Much Competition

With hundreds of thousands of sellers on Amazon alone, it’s no wonder that competition

is one of the biggest e-Commerce problems. You make that determination to find your special

Niche and the platform that’s right for you. What do you find at every turn? Loads of other

sellers are already competing on those marketplaces for the specific niches that you took an

interest in. It can be very discouraging. However disappointing, this is all the more reason to

keep at it. You don’t want to build another hot dog stand next to the one that’s been there for a

few years. And don’t forget that other, bigger one that’s right around the corner. You want to

offer something that shoppers won’t find in that neighborhood, something that they want and

need right now. Put up a soda stand and anyone who wasn’t thirsty before is going to be after the

online. Businesses around the globe are becoming greatly attracted towards this virtual world.

There are no limits as to what and where they can reach, the variety of products they can easily

offer, the detail and specifications they can provide and the number of prospects and customers

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they can reach. This means, for small and medium size businesses, online shopping is assuming

much greater importance and offering a wide range of advantages. When you’re thinking about

establishing a business online, you first need to find the right solution. There’s a big range,

varying from a relatively simple option to one which integrates with your whole business, your

accountancy package and your inventory system.

Price

Price plays a critical role during the decision making process of consumers. It is dynamic

and shifts with time (Boone & Kurtz, 2014). Research shows that there is a relationship between

price and perceived quality. However, the possibility that the perception of a product’s quality is

influenced by other factors such as selling points and brand name should not be ignored.

According to Boone & Kurtz (2014), high price may reflect prestige or high demand and

scarce supply. On the other hand, low price may be interpreted as low quality or good value.

Having a high price on food in regular use can hinder a consumer to purchase due to an increase

on food expenses. Having low prices can be too much in some ways because there can be a

variation of food products that fits into the same price. Price on food products should be

maintained where it is valued by customers (Ollila, 2011). Consumers tend to buy products on

prices that are worth the purchase. The price must not be too high that can give negative impact

to the product, or too low that can affect the product’s quality as perceived by the consumers.

Businesses should be able to determine on what prices the consumers are willing to pay.

According to Green, Turner, Shankar & Mazzocchi (2013), the food prices on the

demand of food can directly affect the people with low income than those with the higher

income. In those with lower income, they have found out that even a 1% increase in the price of

cereals can reduce in consumption of 0.61% and an increase in the price of meat can reduce in

consumption of 0.78%. A business should respond in their target market’s budget of purchasing

their products to deliberately know the range of prices that is suitable for the consumers.

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Promotional strategies

Sales promotion can be considered as any strategy or activity intended to increase the

business or trade and thereby boost the sales (Shimp. 2003). Promotion is considered to be a

form of persuasive communication with its target customers, aiming at changing their buying

behavior. A right promotional strategy will be helpful to the business because of the effective

impact in making the customers understand that this is the right product or service for them.

Branding is an extremely important marketing tool because it helps consumers form loyalties to

specific food companies, decreasing the likelihood that consumers will purchase products from

other brands. It has been proven to influence the way people perceive certain foods to taste like.

(Oduguwa, 2015)

Basically, promotional strategies have three main objectives – to make the customer

aware about the product or service, to persuade the customer to buy the product or avail the

service, and to remind the customer about the product and make them think in favor of it.

Researches done on this field suggest that billions of dollars are wasted per year for

ineffective promotional techniques (Ambler & Vakratsas, 1996); thus, it is crucial for every

business to come up the most effective promotional strategy for their business. There are mainly

two types of promotional strategies – the company takes the product directly to the customer in

order to increase their awareness of the product which involves aggressive personal selling or

trade advertising (Lamb, Hair, and McDaniel, 2008), and techniques that would motivate or

induce the customers to buy the product such as coupons, consumer relationship management,

and word of mouth.

The companies decide upon these promotional strategies based on their business nature,

product or service, and also the medium selected for reaching the target market (Jeannet &

Hennessey, 2005). Timing is also another crucial factor that can determine the promotional

strategies’ effectiveness by its impact unto its target market.

Research Literature

Selling online in indeed one of the great ways to make profits online. In fact, it is also a

great way to widen your target market and grow tour business fast as well (Anderson, 2012).

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Another idea is that picture to help your items. You need to find the best lighting source possible,

while natural light wonderful, direct sunlight can affect the color of the clothing in the image

(Brantly,2012).It shows that businesses are advised to use the Internet for research before

making purchases. Companies should consider using online advertisements for the products and

services they offer as more and more people are using the Internet to research goods they plan to

buy before making the purchase (Desiderio,2012).The extension of technology that integrates the

electronic media in the buying and selling process is known as the e-commerce, mentioned that

the e-commerce website has deflated the dissimilarity of the world. Marketing is an important

organizational function in today age. It is the path that a firm follows to create and deliver value

to its customer and itself. The internet has created a vast array of opportunities to deliver to

deliver this value (Elton,2012).

The online medium offers a big platform to promote business as compared to other

medium available. Your product and service will reach a large number of potential buyers only

in you choose the right marketing medium for your business. Today online reservation system is

even accessible to consumer through internet gateways it allows the users to book hotels, rooms,

rent cars as well as book online airline tickets, which is definitely a more convenient way of

making your travel plan. Andrew mentioned that, online reservation system are the future self-

creating holiday provide as more people request online or as a minimum live availability

(Harris,2012).

According to the research that they conduct, the statement above is all about

recommendations and valuable tips that may help a one online seller to become successful. A

plans and recommendations where in the business will be stable and organized. The inflation of

online selling affects a lot in our society. The statements above are focused in the reality that

They already vassal by the internet. So that, people grab the opportunity to have this kind of

business and earn an income. It is also discussed the different instances that may encounter of an

online seller via processing their business gradually. Like those competitors that are stray all

over the world. Talking about how the marketer can market the products properly at the same

time building the good communication through the consumers. Making a good relationship to the

customers is the way to enhance your business. Online business is becoming a high income

15
generating activity, now taking significant portion of Gross Domestic Product in many countries.

Now a days online selling is trend that’s why other people try to manage online selling business,

starting business we need to search or gather some information’s to improved our knowledge

while setting a business.

It introduces how internet affects the way of living of an individual. On how this

technology make money for instant. It also introduces the world as a very small community with

distance no longer providing a barrier. This is all the valuable tips on how the business will be

stronger. Were in this business is so helpful because they need to access a large and interested

market that already exists while selling success is by no means a given, it is an easier marketing

task to service customers already in search of a product than it is to convince potential customers

that they need something in the first place. In short being practical is what being focused in this

section. The researcher chooses this topic because it is different from other researchers because it

has the tips, guide and the strategies that may help to start your business in internet and to be

stable for weekly or monthly income. That may serve as a basis for those newbies or beginners

that want to build a better experience in this online business. Were in this willlivery helpful for

those busy and tired up persons. This business is also not hassle at the time. From this research

that they conducted, they recommend this research to the following generations who may read

this study and to those future researchers that may conduct another study that related to online

business, they may gain information and it can influence them to put up their own business even

if just a retailer and a wholesaler.

Chapter 2

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Method to be used

This study will utilize an evaluation with regards to the Literature review of bogus buyers

in online selling in the Philippines. The researcher will conduct a survey about the Literature

review of bogus buyers in online selling in the Philippines particularly in Compostela National

High School Senior High School Online Seller in which the evaluation method was used. It is a

fact finding study with adequate and accurate interpretation of the discoveries.

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 Evaluation research design also known as program evaluation, that entails carrying out a

structured assessment of the value of resources committed to project or goal. It often adopts

social research methods to gather and analyze useful information about the organizational

process and products. The study aims to evaluate the Literature review of bogus buyers in online

selling in the Philippines particularly in Compostela National High School particularly the Senior

High School Online Seller.

Research Environment

Because of the current health crisis, both the respondents and the researcher were unable

to communicate physically. The questionnaires will be sent via social media accounts such as

Facebook, Messenger, and Instagram, with the target sample group receiving the questionnaire

online and the researcher’s duty being to tabulate all responses. Because the COVID-19

pandemic is still active and mass gatherings are restricted, this will be more convenient for the

participants. The focus group is composed of senior high school online sellers from Compostela

National High School-Day Class in Poblacion, Compostela, Cebu.

Research respondents

This study focused on the Senior High School Online Sellers in Compostela National

High School S.Y 2020-2021. There are 25 Senior High School Online Sellers in Compostela

National High School, but only 15 Senior High School Online Sellers will perform this survey by

using Literature review formula. The researcher used simple random sampling in which the

researcher used google forms in distributing the survey sheets. And was send to Senior High

School Online Sellers and answered by unknown Senior High School Online Sellers. Such that

each Senior High School Online Sellers have the same probability of being chosen during the

sampling process.

Simple random sampling

Slovin’s formula

N= N/1+Ne²

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Where:

N is the sample size

N is the population size

E is the desired margin error

Computation of sample size using Slovin’s formula

n= N/1+ Ne²
n= 25/1+25(0.16)²
n= 25/1+25(0.0256)
n= 25/1+0.64
n= 25/1.64
n= 15 Senior High School Online sellers

Research Instrument

Likert Scale are used by the researcher as a research instrument of the conducted study.

The respondents were asked to rate or rank statements according to the scale provided from the

questionnaire which will be rendered through google forms since it is the most convenient way

to collect data.

The given questionnaire is structured for the respondents in order for them to answer

easily. The questionnaire consists of nine parts. The first part gathered general information about

the respondents sex,age,civil status, and monthly income. The second part gathered information

on “How often do visitors of your online store became customers?” The third part gathered

information if the respondents online Shoppe does offer free shipping, free returns,

downloadable products, services, and lifestyle goods. The fourth part gathered information of the

respondents online Shoppe would benefit from increased product exposure, product indorsement

from third party bloggers, and increasing digital ads. The fifth part gathered information of how

important as an online seller having blog, consumers review, being reviewed and/or mentioned

by third party bloggers, having a social media presence, engaging digital ads, and engaging

affiliate marketing. The sixth part gathered information if the respondents have experienced

bogus buyers. The seventh part gathered perceptions of the respondents to what’s most likely to

do to avoid bogus buyers as an online seller and they are given some solutions to choose with.

18
The eight part gathered information about the mode of payment. Lastly the ninth part gathered

information if the respondents Have felt any problem while conducting online selling. There are

4 types of questions were used for this part of the questionnaire which multiple choice, open-

ended questions, and a 4-point Likert scale and a check box. The options in the multiple choice

vary in every question depending on the variable being focused on. The 4 different points of the

Likert-type scale are “Not likely” “Maybe” “Probably” “Definitely” and “Not important” “

Moderately important” “Very highly important” respectively.

Data Gathering Procedure

Quantitative research design used by the researcher in this study is evaluation survey

research in which the researcher gathered data through online survey questionnaires which were

sent to Senior high school online seller in Compostela National High School. The respondents

were instructed to read and answer the survey questionnaire carefully and factually without being

biased. The researcher did not strictly required personal information to observe privacy. The

researcher informed the respondents that their answer will be treated with utmost confidentiality

and will only use for the research itself. The data collected are called primary data since the

information gathered by the researcher came directly from the respondents and it is a first-hand

data. The primary is then analyze with quantitative methods using statistical tools, a the,

mathematical, and computational techniques. After analyzing the data, the researcher interpreted

the results and presented it through graphical form.

The sampling procedure of the study is through simple random sampling it give an equal

chance to all the members of the population, it is also being used to identify the sample size of

the study. On the other, the Likert scale is the researcher’s research instrument, it is now much

easier To tabulate the responses from the respondents. The respondents will just rate or rank

statements/ questions according to the scale provided. It is much easier to answer since it is all

about their personal experiences and perspective.The survey is done through Google form. The

researcher considered hindrance such as slow internet connection that make then unable to

answer thequestionnaire. The researcher set at least three to four days in collecting all the

questionnaire to tabulate the result.

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Statistical Treatment

The researchers tabulated and analyzed the gathered data using statistical methods after

collecting the required data. The statistical methods used in this analysis, as well as their

formulas, are mentioned below.

Percentages

One of the most frequent ways to represent statistics is by percentage. Percent simply

means “per hundred” and the symbol used to express percentage is %. One percent (or 1%) is

one hundredth of the total or whole and is therefore calculated by dividing the total or whole

number by 100.Frequency and Percentage Distribution Used to determine the percentage usually

for data on profile(e.g. level, age, gender, etc.)

%=(F/N)100

Where:

% is percentage

F is frequency

N is number of participants

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https://www.politico.com/story/2017/10/19/full-text-george-w-bush-speech-trump-243947

https://browntape.com/2016-ny-resolutions-every-online-seller-must-make/

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235290875_Entrepreneurship_as_Connecting_Some_I

mplications_for_Theorising_and_Practice

https://www.shopify.com.ph/blog/natural-lighting-product-photography

https://www-philstar-

com.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/www.philstar.com/business/2012/08/07/835558/businesses-urged-

use-internet-push-products/amp/?amp_js_v=a6&amp_gsa=1&usqp=mq331AQHKAFQArABIA

%3D%3D#aoh=16182398296902&referrer=https%3A%2F

%2Fwww.google.com&amp_tf=From%20%251%24s&ampshare=https%3A%2F

%2Fwww.philstar.com%2Fbusiness%2F2012%2F08%2F07%2F835558%2Fbusinesses-urged-

use-internet-push-products

https://www.studymode.com/essays/Online-Reservation-System-For-Cherry-Studio-

54692428.html

http://elgrandefashionhouse.atwebpages.com/Chapter%202.html

https://www-psychologytoday-

com.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/sold/201207/what-motivates-

impulse-buying?amp_js_v=a6&amp_gsa=1&amp&usqp=mq331AQHKAFQArABIA%3D

%3D#aoh=16182401831340&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com&amp_tf=From

21
%20%251%24s&ampshare=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.psychologytoday.com%2Fus%2Fblog

%2Fsold%2F201207%2Fwhat-motivates-impulse-buying

APPENDICES

Appendix A

TRANSMITTAL LETTER ADDRESSED TO THE PRINCIPAL OF COMPOSTELA

NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL (DAY CLASS)

MR. LUIS ROMO ARIOJA

Principal, Compostela National High School (Day Class)
Poblacion, Compostela, Cebu

Sir:

Greetings!

I am a student of Compostela National High School (Day Class) Grade 12 Accountancy and

Business Management student would like to conduct a research about my topic “ Effect of Bogus

Buyers to Student Online Sellers in Compostela National High School: as a part of my Research

Project under Mrs. Marites G. Arcilla. Please allow me to conduct this research inside the

campus specifically to Senior High School. We would like to ask my respondents about the “

Effect of Bogus Buyers to Student Online Sellers in Compostela National High School.

We are hoping for your kind and approval.

Sincerely Yours,

LHIE IAN O. ARRIETA

Researcher

MR. LUIS ROMO ARIOJA

Principal

Appendix B

RESEARCH QUESTIONNAIRE

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 This survey questionnaire is intended for the chosen Senior High School online sellers in

Compostela National High School. This attempt to measure the effect of bogus buyers to Senior

High School Online Sellers.

Full Name:

Age:

Sex:

Male

Female

Sex:

Male

Female

Civil status:

Single

Married

Monthly income:

Less than Php 2000

More than Php 2000

How often do visitors to your online store become customer?

23
Don’t know

Rarely

Sometime

Often

Always

Does your business offer…

Yes No

Free shipping?

Free return?

Downloadable products?

Services?

Lifestyle Goods?

Would your online sales benefit from:

Not likely Maybe Probably Definitely

Increased product exposure

Product endorsement from third party bloggers

Increasing digital ad

As a seller of goods online, please rate the importance of:

Not important Moderately important Very highly important

Having blog

Consumers review

Being reviewed and/or mention by third party bloggers

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Having a social media presence

Engaging digital ads

Engaging affiliate marketing

Have you experienced bogus buyers?

Yes

No

If yes, how does it affect you as an online seller?

From the given solution, What is most likely to do to avoid bogus buyers as an onlime seller?

Complete details advertisement

Limit your replies to text messages or 3 minutes phone call only

Observe how the buyers communicate

Conduct profile research

Payment first before the item

Mode of Payment

Cash on delivery

Cash upon meetup

Have you felt any problem while conducting online selling?

Question Type

Yes

No

Or

If yes, What kind of problem?

25
Delay in delivery

Cheap quality of products

Product damage

Non-delivery

Others, Please specify

Appendix C

DOCUMENTATION

Making of Chapter 1

Making of Chapter 2

CURRICULUM VITAE

26
Name: LHIE IAN ARRIETA

Address: Basak, Compostela ,Cebu

Contact No.09332607546

Educational Background

Elementary School: Basak Elementary School

Junior High School: Mulao National High School

Senior High School: Compostela National High School ( Day Class)

• Enrolled Grade 12 Research Project Subject

Achievements

Grade 10 With honors

Grade 11 With honors

Interest/Hobbies

Dancing, Reading and Volleyball

27