Nombre: Lesvia Aracely de León Rivas

Carne: 201506398

Curso: DIOMA EXTRANJERO NIVELES V Y VI

Lic: ALBA YADIRA MONTEJOS MARTÍNEZ

Tema: artículo sobre las culturas del mundo que utilizan el

pasado simple gramar pasivo

Fecha:29 de junio de 2021

 We invite you to discover the four cultures of Guatemala
After the Peace Accords, signed in 1996, the country recognized 25 languages, 25 ethnic
groups and four cultures that would cohabit as a nation.

The cultures are the Mayan, Ladino, Xinca and Garífuna.

About the Mayans

The Mayan culture is the oldest in Mesoamerica with more than 18 centuries of existence prior
to the Spanish conquest. It is around 5,000 years old. It is considered one of the most
advanced civilizations of its time, recognized for its contributions to architecture, art and
science. They are credited with the invention of the number zero and the only complex writing
system in America prior to colonization.

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Includes hand-woven and embroidered garments. Each one has different qualities such as the
fabric, design, motifs and styles of dress. The costumes have been made since ancient times on
the so-called backstrap loom, it is of pre-Columbian origin from the Wuj kumatzin known as
the Tro-court codex. They are also known to use green and black jade pieces as accessories, or
as part of their clothing.

Xincas
This culture inhabits Jalapa, Santa Rosa and Jutiapa. Its population identifies with its own
language recognized under the same name. The word can also be spelled with the letter K.

The anthropologist Rita Grignon explains that the Xinka culture is its own culture, with an
organic structure, with its own language, with architectural models different from other
Mesoamerican cultures, which give a special particularity to the Xinka, until now little known.

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In men, it consists of a white shirt with long sleeves, and is worn with or without buttons and
white and overlapping trousers, held by ribbons at the sides.

They regularly wear a contemporary style hat made from various materials. Also a red scarf
knotted on the head and at the waist a sash of the same color.

The women wear a white blouse, which signifies purity and transparency of actions, and
together they wear a skirt.

The Ladinos

Ladino is a Guatemalan word in the sense of its use, since it is the local translation to mestizo,
that is, to someone who has blood from at least two cultural groups. Ladinos have been called
this for centuries, from immediately postcolonial times. Not all Ladinos accept this
denomination.

In the Peace Accords, the "Ladino" people are recognized as one of the four peoples of the
country.

Culture

It was born from the miscegenation of Spaniards and indigenous people. This group is located
in the center and east of the country, occupying around a third of the national territory.

Costumes
It is named casual. And the production activities are different depending on where they live,
among these activities are agriculture, livestock, trade and transportation.

Garifuna
The instrumental guide with basic information on the Garífuna culture, in the municipalities of
Livingston and Puerto Barrios, written by Berta Leticia Englenton Arzú, describes that “upon his
arrival in America, the first population that Christopher Columbus encountered was the
Arawaks -group today extinct ethnic group that populated the Greater Antilles: Spanish Cuba,
Puerto Rico and Jamaica

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The Garínagu do not have a textile tradition and due to the early and continuous contact with
the conquerors, they chose western clothing.

The period in which they used the “T” belt of the Caribs and Arawaks, was undoubtedly short.
It is known that at the end of the last century the canvas was very precious to be made.

At present, the acquisition of a piece of commercial fabric, almost always with checkered
designs and under a similar cut pattern, has characterized women's clothing, accompanied by
a scarf to cover the head, or hat.