UNITS t

11-t., Ph~sics Cho.pteY l po.."'t 2.

DIMENSIONS
':JC>U.tu..loe .C.OM /c. va.s h u.p a Cra.sh¥..
MEASUREMENT OF LENGTH
Metnods
1
~
'Direct Indirect
we c.a..n u.se. ll..Y'I ·,nstrum~.'nt we ~tiY'()a..te. the d."1sio.nce.s
.f-rom oru_
e-5. .sc.o.\e. 1
exld to the.. othe.r
ve:rn ie.Y co.\\; peYs
d
u.~ ·, V\ d,; ff'e. t e Y\i. te cl,"' iy1..t.S .
e-~ • P°'-'to.l10v-. Me.tltlod. .
Lea.~t Cou.Y\t: (Le) ·'
the 5h"a.\les.t voJ u.e. Of o.. pn~.sica.l q,Wl.nt"itd
-t.l,,o.t CAn be
h'>~UYe.d. a.c.c.~Ya.te\'j wit~ o...v, in.st-:ru.vne. l1t is CA\le.d t~
\ea.st . COLLY\t o-t tV\a.t in.stYtAvY1e.\'\L.

~ @ 1~1 I , , , , \ , , , , 11 f~
' '
1 , , §
~
@ 1003
1.e.o.~t co u. r\t J' , tlea.st cou.nt ~ 0.1 c.m
St"tlf\ ~'ff\ meo..SUY-e."{Y)eY)ts, leo.st c.ou."'1: ~ mu.lf1ple•~tJ

f. ._~ . ~ ooJ. , tl
t~~z;t{{i'
l
\
~, ,.a
2.. 8t,
I ld~MI 'l := ~x
Ii? .J..eru;t c.o u.r.-l
0,101' ~ o.e cm
.l.o.m b",

L.c. of Vel"Yl 1e~ co.\lipe:ts

0

== 0.1 mn'\ = ,o-'1m

..I:- -5
L.c. 01 5c.."'C'ew 30.u.3e -::=. 0.01mm == lO h')
 INDIRECT METHODS OF M£ASlJQEMENT OF
LENGTH
REFLECTlON METHOD
~ L ~lt1t ""Zff .soundJ
ti--zraf tl"wo-.ve.s cFiT
use il1l. .aq;~ ~ I
-fX 31~1~ A 3fu- B ~ Jh:r ctft- ~ 'cl' 1-, ~ w ~ve
a-,ra- ti \ 2a.' J.i.sto:nc.e -t-ro.. vel d,~JP, I

clisto.."' c e == spd ,,. t i me_

5peed. -r... t ime.

~~ 4c'I
Ch2.~I i 1

E>CA.niple :
Sou."l\d i:.£Ake.s 8 sec.oY\d.S to ,e.o..c.\.-\ ~ou.. o..f te:r !jOu...
.5ee o... -½Jlti-l~d iY\ o. stoYYl'I . Ho w fo.:, is ilv... 5>t o YY>1?
Hint~ Jj3~t 't'eO.cN...S, tJcru. a...lr,10.CT ihstD..ll,tl-J 6vd ..soUly,d t~o.ve.l~
ol- ~ 34D 'y"()ls . ~
cFm ~ ~c:fle.c..t10Y)
&IT Ll.&e ~?
*~-- cl ➔7
•

Q2: Ti'r'1e to..ke ~ ~ soY)o.:, ro..da:t

a. 15 2-o ..secoY>ds. f";Yld
t ~ d islo..V'c.e of -lhe o\ojec...t .
Sona.-t o°'-d.a.-c me. sou-Ytd wo.ves ref lec..t ~f l

a youtu be . COM/ <:.Yo.sh LI p

1}( 03 We .sloY\e 1n o-. we. ll o..nd. -Sou.."' J.
d.:rop a..
re.o..c.V\5 u.s o...f t.-e.y 29. Ho w d.e.e.p is the w ell ?
h.il'll: SloY1e. w~l1 30 / ,ow:
-i½-fo.JI l\'lj f-,ee I~ .
cl- ji:+ f3t, fLL=oJ j
.SoUJY)d will come bo..c:R a.± .spe.d 1Sotmd. l
de.pt'-" -i.; 6l\-me lA.

~ cl= ½ow-J. )( t2.

totA.\ time lClkeY\ ( ciowY) -t- u.p ')
==- t ;- ti. ,,. 2.s
1

PARALLAX METHOD
Lrnf e UH~ ~ , rE"
AB(o.1:rved) ~ AB 5t-ro.i~ht Ii hl.

e = AB Cc.u:tved )
]) CRo.di tu.) J
d.
ft --. - - - -

rct= loo..si.s l
fr 9 lf'o.d.i o..)')5 * ~ (}2:5
-zJI

2TT ¥ad.io..Y1 == 36a° icol'>'lple.te O..Yl~le i"' o. circle]

=b 1. 1CAclio..Y\ ~ 5 t".3 ° j
=t> 1 Je~-ree_ rv l . r'-i 5 X 10-.1.. Ya.A.
- '1 ..,. ..1
1 o.:tc m·,n rv 2-ll \ X IO YUL.l
 3fm e ~ ~ ~ fo-~ 1; cW'"" ~
0
Tl'ijonoMe.h'J
" \.
Use cfi:t~t

Go..se. 1
Co..se 2
t(k"' e = I)
cl
r
A' li tl ➔9
1
to.m 8, = d.,/H
t().YI e = Pe¥pe.Y\diw.l0-.:r
fr
,,,,
bo...se e2. = d.
f::: "'"' 2. / H
d., +d 2 = cl
~t bo.s.e.. f' 3 e9,,w:d'io'ns . 3 va."! ·1().\.ole s...
~~- ~ We m_~a.SU.Ye d_., f9, ! ti2
f3 ~ ~ 1"1~ wcJa..= pe.-rpe.)1diu.J,.:,
we caJ cu.hte_ H
e Ll.\1:r qo ~ ~ ~
0
:::. ~

· Q: i F 8 1 = 30°, 82. = 60° o..nd. d...= Soo rn,, Find H

Q: iF po-.--roJ\o..c.Jic. £'.A.Y\~\e is 2-5°/ cl.i.sio..Y)c.e. cf ba..sis 1s
Soo k.W)., FiY'J iV\e ci'1.sta:nce -~f ih.a.. object.

TR1uoN0MerRY MFTHoD
eft G, B2.. 1 it½= d. meo.su.Y-e.
~ACD to..Y) 8 1= h/(d.t-x.) h
DBCD to.."'82 = h/>l. A ---~ - - - - c.
<. cl )t-(- )(_; -,
2 eiu..A..ti~s., 2 va:-ci a. \ale & .
ESTIMATION OF VE~"< sMfiLL
DlSTANCES
We c.:-re a.le. a. mono f() o Je c..c..d°'"" 1.a..0eY ~ : - .:- l,
- - - - t
pa; tr .ftYfAa--'>{iJ ~cirft ~Jr Jo.jel'
(JJe di\u.te o\e-·1c acid. ""
a..l co~o \ 5o ino.t we. co.."' tD
t
teduc.e "the. o.:r"'o u.."'1: of Oft t~ckt\ebS
peY d"fop. Dilllte. vfit' ®o'r- = JJ'o..l'Y'ete.Y of
o.. ~ le of
ctr1 d"fop -fr ri- -2-11.n oA o lei c. o.cicl.,
~ utt:Pa 11 a.,nJ 1..a.~eY
moY'lomole.e-L.Jo.Y ~ cl~aA-)

?"lf" M- 1. c. m3 ole ic. ui d dir 400 c..rr? Gfir .So h,.-\ io.,, <S:1--;JT
.J-fcl,~ ~ I tn: -3~); '3q~ c_m3 o.\cohol dIT <dUrl MI
1. c.-m; OA + .3q q cm3 oJc,ol-io I -~') ~ 00
'1v -So lu1ion

~ .2-.steps ~ Jilu.te. a,@ i'

1 3
+ ,q c.m o.lc.ohol -___,~ 2..0 .,.,,\
Crf'l3 OA oj !10 'fv OA .
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __J
~
1cvv?r11½o
-d
1/JvOA
11
+- 1q c.m3 o..lco'1ol ) '/:,(_L =
/u, ~o
y100 rv Ofi .

~ e:x.pe.l"imei'l't it 0.:.-op bi! d~op -solu..iioYI ~- (~h1:i:>~1 / ,4r

fe 4ei 1 ~ u1fk=F W 1d-rop oolu.tioY\ ~ volt<.tt1e
fa;ct~I ~ I
lo Solu..tioY\ =
c.:rl\?:> 300 d-rop5 'J
4 )'Yleo_~tr,ecl i~ bl.(.Ye.tte. CoCM1ted.
~ ex.pcy·,m~Y\t ff (A\c.,ohol D /cra.shu.p
e.vo..poy~\e.. P- unm ~ c1-i1rf4:i
mono mt,lec.,u J o..Y" \~elf ~ ..Sttyfo..c.e o.."feo.. 411 Lffi yIJiJ2 ~I
volu.me of OA d.--rorped. = vo\u.me. of -lo..~e~ f O'i ~eJ
=t> 'Y'l >J"'ops x OA iY\ i d.Yop = vol . of k~e"'
.=t> n ~ (volu.Y\"\€. c,f),. (o.f>i ·•"") = vo\. oi' \o.. ~e:f
1.. d~op \J- d1op
G' Qm) ,. (-1 Yv) -- '--f£:j t [cl & t ·,~ cm~
1
=t> (\ x O
300
Ltoo TI

CoLVnteJ. vo\La} 1
J.iltAtion '1 d. is meo. .s u:r eJ. ea. le. wa..teJ.
cl"'fops .i d--rof 5of Lttici'n lLSiY\d -Sc.a.le. ituck~ss
.,

- ~ou.tu.be.com/cn,. shu.p

b~
Vik'fo.:f,t kir°'"
II T Kho..'fO.. j pu Y
@ @vikro..Y\tkifo-Y