DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL & SANITARY ENGINEERING

Bachelor of Science in Sanitary Engineering

NAME:___________CARREN OCAMPO MARQUEZ__________ DATE: June 25,

2021

Subject: APPLIED ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES

Final Exam

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Instruction: Answer the following questions correctly. Show illustrations and/or figures when necessary.
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1. Considering all reported applied technologies, name main aspects that can make an
energy source renewable and sustainable.
The main aspects that can make an energy source renewable an sustainable are as follows:
a. Regulation of Energy Use
International and Local Laws are passed to regulate the use of energy to make sure that it is
not being abused and to make sure that its emissions won’t affect the environment and
public health.
b. Continuous Funds, Innovations and Studies for Energy Source
We need continuous studies and innovations for our energy source to make it sustainable
and renewable as time goes by. These studies might take years, but it will be worth it.
2. Enumerate some factors that prevent renewable sources from being used to its potential.
There are factors that prevent us from using Renewable Sources of energy. One of them is the
unpredictable cost of operation and maintenance that is not proportion to the power generated
which will seems impractical since huge amount of energy is needed of our community. Another
factor is the unforeseen side effects of it. For instance, nuclear energy produce radiation that is
not good for our health and the explosion produced by hydrogen fuel cell.
3. Name the technologies currently used to mitigate pollution. Describe.
a. A bio scrubber consists of a gas scrubber and a biological reactor. In the gas scrubber,
to-be-removed components are absorbed from the gas stream by the wash water. In the
biological reactor, the pollutants that have been absorbed by the wash water are
biologically degraded. The purified scrubbing liquid is circulated to the scrubber, where
it is able to reabsorb pollutants.
b. Direct air capture is a technology to capture CO2 from the atmosphere. The CO2 can be
permanently stored in deep geological formations or used in the production of fuels,
chemicals, building materials and other products containing CO2. When CO2 is
 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL & SANITARY ENGINEERING
Bachelor of Science in Sanitary Engineering

geologically stored, it is permanently removed from the atmosphere, resulting in negative

emissions.
c. Electrostatic Precipitator is a device that captures particulates from a gas stream. The
particulate laden gases are drawn into one side of the box using perforated plate and
diffusers to evenly distribute the gas. Inside, high voltage electrodes impart a negative
charge to the particles entrained in the gas. These negatively charged particles are then
attracted to a grounded collecting surface, which is positively charged. The gas then
leaves the box, up to 99.9% cleaner than when it entered.
d. Gas Stripping is the removal of volatile contaminants from water and contaminated
soils. It is also a chemical engineering technology used for the purification of
groundwater and wastewater containing volatile compounds. It involves transferring a
volatile component of a liquid into an air stream and distillation involving the removal of
undesirable materials from a fluid using a gas stream.
4. How does an ocean thermal energy conversion works?
The ocean thermal energy conversion works by using the temperature gradients found in large
bodies of water, where the temperature of water found on the surface is significantly higher than
the cold water found deeper down.
5. Describe how direct air is captured.
Direct air or caron dioxide is captured by 3 methods producing two outputs which is the carbon
dioxide and filtered air. So first, the DAC Facility will suck the air from the atmosphere using
enormous fans which resemble industrial cooling towers. Next, the air passes through the filter
that will grab and concentrate CO2. This filter will attract CO@ using sorbents – small solid
materials that are typically structured in layers or honey combed like shapes or liquid solvents.
Lastly, the DAC Facility will heat the filter material to release the captured CO2.
6. How is geothermal energy captured? Illustrate.
There are 3 ways to capture geothermal energy.
First, is by the use Dry Steam Power Station. In this machinery, the steam is piped directly from
the underground wells to the power plant and directed into a turbine unit to generate electricity
then goes into a condenser where the steam becomes water. Water is returned to the geothermal
reservoir by injection wells.
 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL & SANITARY ENGINEERING
Bachelor of Science in Sanitary Engineering

Second, is using Flash Steam Power Station. In this machinery, high-pressure hot water is pulled
into lower-pressure tanks where it is depressurized (flashed) into steam. Resulting steam drives
the turbine to generate electricity. Steam goes through the condenser to become water. Water is
returned to the geothermal reservoir by injection wells.
 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL & SANITARY ENGINEERING
Bachelor of Science in Sanitary Engineering

Lastly, is using Binary Cycle Power Stations. In this machinery, Hot water is pumped into a heat
exchanger to heat a secondary working fluid (ammonia or isobutane) in a closed loop system. The
working fluid is vaporized and then used to drive the turbine to generate electricity. The
vaporized fluid is condensed and returned to the heat exchanger to begin the process again. The
hot water is injected back into the reservoir.

7. Differentiate nonrenewable and renewable solar energy.

A renewable energy source is a type of energy source where it can replenish itself and still use
it for a long period of time whereas nonrenewable energy source is a type of energy source
where supply will be limited due to the fact that it can’t replenish itself and it only have a
certain amount that could last for a certain period of time.
8. Cite reasons why Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) are considered more sustainable
than traditional drainage methods.
SuDS
9. Describe the process of producing energy from biomass.
Energy from biomass is produced through direct combustion. In this process, biomass is burned
in a boiler to produce high pressure steam. This steam flows over a series of turbine blades,
causing them to rotate. The rotation of turbine drives a generator producing electricity.
10. Name the technologies currently used to mitigate pollution. Describe.
a. A bio scrubber consists of a gas scrubber and a biological reactor. In the gas scrubber,
to-be-removed components are absorbed from the gas stream by the wash water. In the
 DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL & SANITARY ENGINEERING
Bachelor of Science in Sanitary Engineering

biological reactor, the pollutants that have been absorbed by the wash water are
biologically degraded. The purified scrubbing liquid is circulated to the scrubber, where
it is able to reabsorb pollutants.
b. Direct air capture is a technology to capture CO2 from the atmosphere. The CO2 can be
permanently stored in deep geological formations or used in the production of fuels,
chemicals, building materials and other products containing CO2. When CO2 is
geologically stored, it is permanently removed from the atmosphere, resulting in negative
emissions.
c. Electrostatic Precipitator is a device that captures particulates from a gas stream. The
particulate laden gases are drawn into one side of the box using perforated plate and
diffusers to evenly distribute the gas. Inside, high voltage electrodes impart a negative
charge to the particles entrained in the gas. These negatively charged particles are then
attracted to a grounded collecting surface, which is positively charged. The gas then
leaves the box, up to 99.9% cleaner than when it entered.
d. Gas Stripping is the removal of volatile contaminants from water and contaminated
soils. It is also a chemical engineering technology used for the purification of
groundwater and wastewater containing volatile compounds. It involves transferring a
volatile component of a liquid into an air stream and distillation involving the removal of
undesirable materials from a fluid using a gas stream.

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