(UNIT OPERATIONS LABORATORY-2)

Report (2) about:

MULTIFUNCTION EXTRACTION

Directed by :

NAME : SIRAJ ALI ALDEEB

ID : 3214118

Supervised by :

MRS : ZAINAB AL-DALI

(2018-2019)
1. INTRODUCTION:

1.1-Extraction:
The extraction units included in this section have been classified into three
categories:
- liquid-liquid extraction plants.
- solid-liquid extraction plants.
- multifunction extraction plants.
The “liquid/liquid” category includes the unit mod. ULL/EV available only in
manual version, with essential instruments, but it enables to elaborate on
the issues concerning liquid/liquid extraction easily. The only difference
between the lines mod. LL/EV and mod. LL1/EV concerns the type of used
column (with rotating discs and with packing, respectively); they are
available in manual version, manual version with data logging and in
automated version, and they use process instruments of industrial type.
This section has also been enriched with an equipment, mod. LEA/EV, that
enables to study the equilibrium of ternary liquid mixtures and to
determine experimental data that can be used in the tests with the
extraction plants.
As regards the “solid/liquid” category, the line SL/EV is available in manual
and automated versions and the plants of this line use process instruments
of industrial type.
At last, the “multifunction” category includes polyfunctional units:
- the unit mod. UESL/EV enables to carry out both liquid/liquid and
solid/liquid batch extraction and to recover the solvent by distillation;
- the line mod. LLD/EV, available in manual version, manual version with
data logging and in automated version, is the result of the combination of a
liquid/liquid extraction unit and of a distillation plant.

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1.2-The purpose of the experiment:

This unit enables to deepen the following issues:

 Liquid / liquid extraction
 Solid / liquid extraction
 Extraction efficiency
 Mass balance
 Exercises on 3-component systems (e.g.: extraction of oil from soybean
laminate with hexane)

1.3-Reasons to use extraction:

 Separation not feasible by distillation
 Break azeotropes
 Energy requirements of distillation are prohibitive
 A complex distillation sequence is required
 The material is heat sensitive
 The material is non-volatile

The general rule: If a separation can be made economically by distillation,

there is no reason to consider extraction. However, in situations where
distillation is not feasible for reasons such as a complex process sequence,
high investment or operating costs, heat sensitive materials, or low
volatility, extraction is often the best technology to use.

3 Chemical & Petroleum Eng. Dept.

2. General Composition:

The IC47D system allows the following extraction

processes to be studied:
• liquid/solid extraction (D1 configuration)
• liquid/Iiquid extraction with heavier extracting solvent (D2 configuration)
• liquid/liquid extraction with lighter extracting solvent (D3 configuration)

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2.1-Process Description:

 Key of the drawing :

A. Extracting solvent reservoir with heating skirt
B. Concentric tube column .
C. Condenser.
D. Extractor .
D1. Liquid /Solid extraction.
D2. Liquid/Liquid extraction (heavy solvent ).
D3. Liquid/Liquid extraction (light solvent ).
F. Heating electrical power supply .
H. Thermometer with electric contact for temperature .

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2.2-Experiment Procedure:

1) Start the devise.

2) Add the solvent in A and heat it to reach it’s boiling point , it can be
controlled by H.
a. -The goal of evaporation of A is to get pure solvent.
3) Then the solvent move through the pipe (B) to converted to (c) and
then condensed by using water.
4) The solvent then moves to the extraction unit , that where the soled
material had putted and moves on it to extract the liquid material
needed and the unwanted is refluxed and collected in a flask.
5) The residual called reflux and it contain on ( solvent + little of liquid
material pulled to the extraction unit , then it is returned to (H) reflux.
6) The same procedure is to be carried to get the wanted quantity of
product.

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References :

1. Multifunctional Extraction Plant , impair Estrazione

Multfunzionale. IC47D.
2. Book (2008). Perry's Chemical Engineers Handbook. Green &
Perry. 8th Ed.

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