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The purpose of a duct silencer is to reduce the noise from the air-handling system caused by the
fan
passage of air through straight ducts
impact of air flowing through components such as elbows, branches, mixing boxes etc.
SN - Self Noise
The Self Noise - SN - is the noise power level in decibels generated by the silencer when inserted in the air
flow. The Self Noise depends on the direction of the flow - if its forward or reverse.
Dissipative silencers are widely used in HVAC duct systems. Typical dissipative silencers are configured in a
parallel baffle arrangement.
The thickness of acoustical linings or baffles should be selected with reference to the predominant
frequency of the noise. The incident sound energy is partially transformed to heat by causing motion in the
fibers during its passage through the material. Absorptive silencers include lined duct attenuators, packaged
cylindrical and rectangular attenuators, acoustic louvers and lined plenum chambers.
Typical DIL - Dynamic Insertion Losses (decibel ) - with absorptive silencers are indicated in the table and
diagram below
The reactive silencer may have excellent low frequency performance, is non-fibrous and cleanable and has
small or negligible pressure loss. The simplest kind of a reactive muffler is the expansion chamber. In
general reactive silencers are used for fixed speed machinery producing pure tones. The reactive silencer is
suitable for engines requiring very low exhaust system back pressures for a maximum engine performance.
The total pressure drop is divided in several stages across the nozzle, the valve and the diffuser. This allows
a better pressure ratio between upstream and downstream and reduces the noise level.
Active Silencers
Active noise control is sound field modification, particularly sound field cancellation, by electro-acoustical
means. Active silencers use microphones and electronics to determine and attenuate noise.
In its simplest form, a control system drives a speaker to produce a sound field that is an exact mirror-image
the offending sound (the "disturbance"). The speaker thus "cancels" the disturbance, and the net result is no
sound at all. Such silencers can be effective at low frequencies under 300 Hz.
Active noise control is best suited for applications with relatively steady noise fields - like fans, engines or
similar. Active silencers are not suitable for broadband noise reduction.
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Related Topics
Acoustics - Room acoustics and acoustic properties - decibel A, B and C - Noise Rating (NR)
curves, sound transmission, sound pressure, sound intensity and sound attenuation
Noise and Attenuation - Noise is usually defined as unwanted sound - noise, noise generation,
silencers and attenuation in HVAC systems
Related Documents
Acoustic Calculation of Ventilation Systems - Procedure for acoustic noise calculation of
ventilation systems
Sound Attenuation in Ducts due to End Reflection - Some low frequency noise transferred from
main duct to end terminals is reflected back to main duct
Sound Attenuation in Unlined Sheet-Metal Ducts - Attenuation of sound in unlined sheet-metal
ducts
Sound Transmission through Duct Walls - Estimating sound transmission from ducts to
surrounding rooms
Sound Transmissions through Flanking Paths - Noise and sound transmitted through duct walls,
through floors or through ceilings
Tag Search
en: acoustics sound silencers noise reduction
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Citation
This page can be cited as
Engineering ToolBox, (2003). Classification of Noise Reduction Silencers. [online] Available at:
https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/noise-reduction-silencers-d_81.html [Accessed Day Mo. Year].
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