HERMITE-HADAMARD TYPE INEQUALITIES

FOR GENERALIZED s-CONVEX FUNCTIONS

ON REAL LINEAR FRACTAL SET Rα(0 < α < 1)
arXiv:1506.07391v1 [math.CA] 10 Jun 2015

Huixia Mo∗ and Xin Sui

School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876,
China

In the paper, we establish the Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities for the gener-
alized s-convex functions in the second sense on real linear fractal set Rα (0 < α < 1).

Key words fractal sets, local fractional integral, Hermite-Hadamard type inequal-
ity, generalized s-convex function

1 Introduction
The convexity of functions is an important concept in the class mathematical analysis
course. In [1], Hudzik and Maligranda considered two kinds of convex functions which are
s-convex. And many important inequalities are established for the s-convex functions. For
example, the Hermite-Hadamards inequality is one of the best known results in the literature,
see [2, 3, 4] and so on.
In recent years, the fractal theory has received significantly remarkable attention[5]. The
calculus on fractal set can lead to better comprehension for the various real world models
from science and engineering [6].
On the fractal set, Mo etal.[7, 8] introduced the definition of the generalized convex
function and established Hermite-Hadamard type inequality. In [9], the authors introduced
two kinds of generalized s-convex functions on fractal sets Rα (0 < α < 1).
The definitions of the generalized s-convex functions are as follows:
Definition 1.1. [9] Let R+ = [0, ∞]. A function f : R+ → Rα is said to be generalized
s-convex (0 < s < 1) in the first sense, if

f (λ1 u + λ2 v) ≤ λαs αs
1 f (u) + λ2 f (v), (1.1)

for all u, v ∈ R+ and all λ1 , λ2 ≥ 0 with λs1 + λs2 = 1. We denote this by f ∈ GKs1 .
Definition 1.2. [9] A function f : R+ → Rα is said to be generalized s-convex (0 < s < 1)
in the second sense, if
f (λ1 u + λ2 v) ≤ λαs αs
1 f (u) + λ2 f (v), (1.2)
for all u, v ∈ R+ and all λ1 , λ2 ≥ 0 with λ1 + λ2 = 1. We denote this by f ∈ GKs2 .
∗
Correspondence: huixiamo@bupt.edu.cn
The research is supported by the NNSF of China (11471050, 11161042)

1
 Note that, when s = 1, the generalized s-convex function in both sense is generalized
convex function[9].
Inspired by [2, 3, 8], in the paper we will establish the Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities
for generalized s-convex functions.

2 Preliminaries
Let us review the operations with real line number on fractal space and use the Gao-Yang-
Kang’s idea to describe the definitions of the local fractional derivative and local fractional
integral [10, 11, 12, 13, 14].
If aα , bα and cα belong to the set Rα of real line numbers , then
(1) aα + bα and aα bα belong to the set Rα ;
(2) aα + bα = bα + aα = (a + b)α = (b + a)α ;
(3) aα + (bα + cα ) = (aα + bα ) + cα ;
(4) aα bα = bα aα = (ab)α = (ba)α ;
(5) aα (bα cα ) = (aα bα )cα ;
(6) aα (bα + cα ) = aα bα + aα cα ;
(7) aα + 0α = 0α + aα = aα , and aα · 1α = 1α · aα = aα .

Definition 2.1. [10] Let f : [a, b] → Rα be a function such that

|f (x) − f (y)| < c|x − y|α (x, y ∈ [a, b]),

for positive constants c and α(0 < α ≤ 1). This function is called Hölder continuous function.
In this case, we think that f (x) is in the sapce Cα [a, b].

Definition 2.2. [10] The local fractional derivative of f (x) of order α at x = x0 is defined
by
dα f (x) △α (f (x) − f (x0 ))
f (α) (x0 ) = |x=x = lim ,
dxα 0
x→x0 (x − x0 )α
k+1 times
z }| {
where △α (f (x)−f (x ∼
0 )) = Γ(1+a)(f (x)−f (x0 )). If there exists f
((k+1)α) (x) = Dxα . . . Dxα f (x)
for any x ∈ I ⊆ R, then we denoted f ∈ D(k+1)α (I), where k = 0, 1, 2 . . . .

Definition 2.3. [10] Let f ∈ Cα [a, b]. Then the local fractional integral of the function f (x)
is defined by,
(α)
a Ib f (x)
Z b
1
= f (t)(dt)α
Γ(1 + a) a
N
1 X
= lim f (tj )(△tj )α ,
Γ(1 + a) △t→0
j=0

where △tj = tj+1 − tj , △t = max{△t1 , △t2 , △tj , . . .} and [tj , tj + 1], j = 0, . . . , N − 1, t0 = a,

tN = b, is a partition of the interval [a, b].

2
Lemma 2.1. [10] Suppose that g ∈ C1 [a, b] and f ∈ Cα [g(a), g(b)], then
(α) (α)
g(a) Ig(b) f (x) =a Ib f (g)(s)[g′ (s)]α .

Lemma 2.2. [10]

(1) Suppose that f (x) = g (α) (x) ∈ Cα [a, b], then we have
(α)
a Ib f (x) = g(b) − g(a).

(2) Suppose that f (x), g(x) ∈ Dα [a, b] and f (α) (x), g (α) (x) ∈ Cα [a, b], then we have
b
α (α)
 (α)
a Ib f (x)g (x) = f (x)g(x) −a Ib f (α) (x)g(x).
a

Lemma 2.3. [10]

dα xkα Γ(1 + kα)

α
= x(k−1)α .
dx Γ(1 + (k − 1)α)
From the above formula and Lemma 2.2, we have
Z b
1 Γ(1 + kα)
xkα (dx)α = (b(k+1)α − a(k+1)α ), k ∈ R.
Γ(1 + α) a Γ(1 + (k + 1)α)

Lemma 2.4. [10] (Generalized Hölders inequality) Let f, g ∈ Cα [a, b], p, q > 1 with
1/p + 1/q = 1, then
Z b  Z b 1/p  Z b 1/q
1 1 1
|f (x)g(x)|(dx)α ≤ |f (x)|p (dx)α |g(x)|q (dx)α .
Γ(1 + α) a Γ(1 + α) a Γ(1 + α) a

3 Main Results
Theorem 3.1. Suppose that f : R+ → Rα is a generalized s-convex function in the second
sense, where s ∈ (0, 1). Let a, b ∈ [0, ∞), a < b. If f ∈ Cα [a, b], then the following inequalities
hold:   α
2(s−1)α a+b a I f (x) Γ(1 + sα)

f ≤ b α
≤ f (a) + f (b) . (3.1)
Γ(1 + α) 2 (b − a) Γ(1 + (s + 1)α)
(α) (α)
Proof . Let x = a + b − t, then by Lemma 2.1, we have a+b Ib f (x) = a I a+b f (a + b − t).
2 2

Moreover, f is s convex in the second sense, then

(α) (α)  
a Ib f (x) = a I a+b f (x) + f (a + b − x)
2  
αs (α) a+b
≥ 2 a I a+b f
2 2  
2(s−1)α α a+b
= (b − a) f .
Γ(1 + α) 2

3
 In the other hand, let x = b − (b − a)t, 0 ≤ t ≤ 1, then we get
(α) α (α)
 
a Ib f (x) = (b − a) 0 I1 f ta + (1 − t)b
(α)  
≤ (b − a)α 0 I1 tαs f (a) + (1 − t)αs f (b)
 (α) (α) 
= (b − a) f (a)0 I1 tαs + f (b)0 I1 (1 − t)αs .

From Lemma 2.3, it is easy to see that

(α) αs Γ(1 + sα)

0 I1 t = ,
Γ(1 + (s + 1)α)
and
(α) Γ(1 + sα)
0 I1 (1 − t)αs = .
Γ(1 + (s + 1)α)
So,
(α) Γ(1 + sα)

a Ib f (x) ≤ (b − a)α f (a) + f (b) .
Γ(1 + (s + 1)α)
Therefore, we obtain
  α
2(s−1)α a+b a I f (x) Γ(1 + sα)

f ≤ b α
≤ f (a) + f (b) .
Γ(1 + α) 2 (b − a) Γ(1 + (s + 1)α)

Theorem 3.2. Let f : I → Rα , be a differentiable function on I 0 (I 0 is the interior of I) such

that f (α) ∈ Cα [a, b], where a, b ∈ I 0 , a < b. If |f (α) |q is generalized s-convex in the second
sense on [a, b] for some fixed s ∈ (0, 1) and q ≥ 1, then
 
 f (a) + f (b) Γ(1 + α) (α) 

α
− α a Ib f (x)

 2 (b − a)
  q−1   αs  1
(b − a)α Γ(1 + α) q Γ(1 + sα) Γ(1 + α)Γ(1 + sα) 1 α
q
≤ α
+ −2
2 Γ(1 + 2α) Γ(1 + (s + 1)α) Γ(1 + (s + 2)α) 2
 1
 (α) q  (α) q q
× f (a) + f (b)

To show Theorem 3.2 is right, we need the following Lemma.

Lemma 3.1. ([8]) Let I ⊆ R be an interval, f : I 0 ⊆ R → Rα such that f ∈ Dα (I 0 ) and
f (α) ∈ Cα [a, b] for a, b ∈ I 0 with a < b. Then the following equality holds:
Z 1
f (a) + f (b) Γ(1 + α) (α) (b − a)α 1

α
− α a Ib f (x) = α
(1 − 2t)α f (α) ta + (1 − t)b (dt)α .
2 (b − a) 2 Γ(1 + α) 0

Now, let us give the proof of Theorem 3.2.

Proof . From Lemma 3.1, it is obvious that
 
 f (a) + f (b) Γ(1 + α) (α) 

α
− α a Ib f (x)

 2 (b Z− a)
1 (3.2)
(b − a)α 1 
α  (α)

(dt)α .
≤ |1 − 2t| f (ta + (1 − t)b)
2α Γ(1 + α) 0

4
 Let us estimate
Z 1
1  
|1 − 2t|α f (α) (ta + (1 − t)b)(dt)α ,
Γ(1 + α) 0

for q = 1 and q > 1.

Case I. q = 1.
Since |f (α) | is generalized s-convex on [a, b] in the second sense, we can know that for any
t ∈ [0, 1]  (α) 
f (ta + (1 − t)b) ≤ tαs |f (α) (a)| + (1 − t)αs |f (α) (b)|.

Then, we have,
Z 1
1  
|1 − 2t|α f (α) (ta + (1 − t)b)(dt)α
Γ(1 + α) 0 Z
1
1  
≤ |1 − 2t|α tαs |f (α) (a)| + (1 − t)αs |f (α) (b)| (dt)α
Γ(1 + α) 0 Z 1 Z 1 
1 1
= |f (α) (a)| tαs |1 − 2t|α (dt)α + |f (α) (b)| (1 − t)αs |1 − 2t|α (dt)α .
Γ(1 + α) 0 Γ(1 + α) 0
(3.3)
From Lemma 2.2 and lemma 2.3, it is easy to see that
Z 1
1
tαs |1 − 2t|α (dt)α
Γ(1 + α) 0
Z 1 Z 1 
1 2
αs α α αs α α
= t (1 − 2t) (dt) + t (2t − 1) (dt) (3.4)
Γ(1 + α) 0 1
 2  αs 
Γ(1 + sα) Γ(1 + α)Γ(1 + sα) 1 α
= + −2 .
Γ(1 + (s + 1)α) Γ(1 + (s + 2)α) 2

And, let 1 − t = x, then by Lemma 2.1 and (3.4), we have

Z 1
1
(1 − t)αs |1 − 2t|α (dt)α
Γ(1 + α) 0 Z
1
1
= xαs |1 − 2x|α (dx)α (3.5)
Γ(1
 + α) 0  αs 
Γ(1 + sα) Γ(1 + α)Γ(1 + sα) 1 α
= + −2 .
Γ(1 + (s + 1)α) Γ(1 + (s + 2)α) 2

Thus, substituting (3.4) and (3.5) into (3.3), we have

Z 1
1  
|1 − 2t|α f (α) (ta + (1 − t)b)(dt)α
Γ(1 + α) 0   αs 
Γ(1 + α) Γ(1 + sα) Γ(1 + α)Γ(1 + sα) 1 α
≤ + −2 (3.6)
Γ(1
 + 2α) Γ(1 + (s + 1)α)  Γ(1 + (s + 2)α) 2
 q  
× f (α) (a) + f (α) (b) .

Thus, from (3.2), we obtain

5
  
 f (a) + f (b) Γ(1 + α) (α) 

α
− α a Ib f (x)

 2 (b − a)  αs 
(b − a)α Γ(1 + α) Γ(1 + sα) Γ(1 + α)Γ(1 + sα) 1 α
≤ α
+ −2
2 Γ(1 + 2α) Γ(1+ (s + 1)α) Γ(1 + (s + 2)α) 2
 q  
× f (α) (a) + f (α) (b) .

Case II. q > 1.

Using the generalized Hölder’s inequality(Lemma 2.4), we obtain
Z 1
1  
|1 − 2t|α f (α) (ta + (1 − t)b)(dt)α
Γ(1 + α) 0 Z
1
1 q−1 1 
= |1 − 2t|α q |1 − 2t|α q f (α) (ta + (1 − t)b)(dt)α
Γ(1 + α) 0
 Z 1  q−1  Z 1 1
1 α α
q 1 α (α) q α
q
≤ |1 − 2t| (dt) |1 − 2t| |f (ta + (1 − t)b)| (dt) .
Γ(1 + α) 0 Γ(1 + α) 0
(3.7)
It is obvious that
Z 1
1
|1 − 2t|α (dt)α
Γ(1 + α) 0
Z 1 Z 1 (3.8)
1 2
α α 1 Γ(1 + α)
= (1 − 2t) (dt) + (2t − 1)α (dt)α = .
Γ(1 + α) 0 Γ(1 + α) 1 Γ(1 + 2α)
2

Moreover, since |f (α) |q is generalized s-convex in the second sense on [a, b], then
Z 1
1  q
|1 − 2t|α f (α) (ta + (1 − t)b) (dt)α
Γ(1 + α) 0 Z  
1
1
≤ α αs (α) q αs (α)
|1 − 2t| t |f (a)| + (1 − t) |f (b)| (dt)α q
Γ(1 + α) 0 Z 1 Z 1
1 1
= |f (α) (a)|q |1 − 2t|α tαs (dt)α + |f (α) (b)|q |1 − 2t|α (1 − t)αs (dt)α .
Γ(1 + α) 0 Γ(1 + α) 0

From (3.3) and (3.4), it is easy to see that

Z 1
1
|1 − 2t|α tαs (dt)α
Γ(1 + α) Z0
1
1
= |1 − 2t|α (1 − t)αs (dt)α
Γ(1
 + α) 0  αs 
Γ(1 + sα) Γ(1 + α)Γ(1 + sα) 1 α
= + −2 .
Γ(1 + (s + 1)α) Γ(1 + (s + 2)α) 2

6
 So,
Z 1
1  q
|1 − 2t|α f (α) (ta + (1 − t)b) (dt)α
Γ(1 + α) 0
  αs  1  1
Γ(1 + sα) Γ(1 + α)Γ(1 + sα) 1 α
q 
(α)
q  (α) q q
= + −2 f (a) + f (b)
   .
Γ(1 + (s + 1)α) Γ(1 + (s + 2)α) 2
(3.9)
Thus, substituting (3.8) and (3.9) into (3.7), we have

Z 1
1  
|1 − 2t|α f (α) (ta + (1 − t)b)(dt)α
Γ(1 + α) 0
  q−1   αs  1  1
Γ(1 + α) q Γ(1 + sα) Γ(1 + α)Γ(1 + sα) 1 α
q 
(α)
q  (α) q q
≤ + −2 f (a) + f (b) .
Γ(1 + 2α) Γ(1 + (s + 1)α) Γ(1 + (s + 2)α) 2

So, from (3.2) it follows that

 
 f (a) + f (b) Γ(1 + α) (α) 
 − a I b f (x)
 2α (b − a)α 
  q−1   αs  1
(b − a)α Γ(1 + α) q Γ(1 + sα) Γ(1 + α)Γ(1 + sα) 1 α
q
≤ α
+ −2
2 Γ(1 + 2α) Γ(1 + (s + 1)α) Γ(1 + (s + 2)α) 2
 1
 (α) q  (α) q q
× f (a) + f (b) .

Thus, we complete the proof of Theorem 3.2.

Theorem 3.3. Let f : I → Rα , I ⊂ [0, ∞), be a differentiable function on I 0 such that
f (α) ∈ Cα [a, b], where a, b ∈ I and a < b. If |f (α) |q is generalized s-convex in the second sense
on [a, b] for some fixed s ∈ (0, 1) and q > 1, then
 
 f (a) + f (b) Γ(1 + α) (α) 
 − a I f (x) 
 2α (b − a)α b 
 q  q−1  1
(b − a) α Γ(1 + q−1 α) q Γ(1 + sα) q
≤ α 2q−1 α
2 2α Γ(1 + q−1 α) 2 Γ(1 + (s + 1)α)
   q  1    1 
(α) q
 (α) a + b  q  (α) a + b q (α) q
q
× |f (a)| + f   + f  + |f (b)| .
2   2 

Proof . From Lemma 3.1, we have

 
 f (a) + f (b) Γ(1 + α) (α) 

α
− α a Ib f (x)

 2 (b − Z
a)
1
(b − a)α 1
≤ |1 − 2t|α |f (α) (ta + (1 − t)b)|(dt)α
2α Γ(1 + α) 0
 Z 1 (3.10)
(b − a)α 1 2
≤ α
(1 − 2t)|f (α) (ta + (1 − t)b)|(dt)α
2 Γ(1
Z 1 + α) 0 
1 (α) α
+ (2t − 1)|f (ta + (1 − t)b)|(dt) .
Γ(1 + α) 1
2

7
 Let us estimate
Z 1
1 2
(1 − 2t)|f (α) (ta + (1 − t)b)|(dt)α
Γ(1 + α) 0
and Z 1
1
(2t − 1)|f (α) (ta + (1 − t)b)|(dt)α ,
Γ(1 + α) 1
2

respectively.
Using the generalized Hölder’s inequality(Lemma 2.4), we obtain
Z 1
1 2
(1 − 2t)|f (α) (ta + (1 − t)b)|(dt)α
Γ(1 + α) 0
 Z 1  q−1  Z 1 1
1 2 q
α q−1 α
q 1 2
(α) αq α
q
≤ (1 − 2t) (dt) |f (ta + (1 − t)b)| (dt) .
Γ(1 + α) 0 Γ(1 + α) 0
(3.11)
It is easy to see that
Z 1 Z q
1 2 q
α q−1 α 1 1 q
α q−1 α
Γ(1 + q−1 α)
(1 − 2t) (dt) = (1 − 2t) (dt) = .
Γ(1 + α) 0 Γ(1 + α) 1
2
2α Γ(1 + 2q−1
q−1 α)
(3.12)
Let |f (α) (ta
+ (1 − t)b)|q
= U (t). Since |f (α) |q
is a generalized s convex function in the
second sense , then U (t) is a generalized s convex function in the second sense , too. Thus,
from the right hand side of (3.1), it follows that

Z 1
1 2
|f (α) (ta + (1 − t)b)|q (dt)α
Γ(1 + α) 0
Z 1
1 2
= U (t)(dt)α
Γ(1
 + α)
α 0 (3.13)
1 Γ(1 + sα) 1
≤ −0 (U (0) + U ( ))
2 Γ(1 + (s + 1)α)  2 
Γ(1 + sα)  (α) a + b q (α) q
= f  + |f (b)| .

2α Γ(1 + (s + 1)α)  2
Thus, substituting (3.12) and (3.13) into (3.11), we get

Z 1
1 2
(1 − 2t)|f (α) (ta + (1 − t)b)|(dt)α
Γ(1 + α) 0
 q  q−1  1      1
Γ(1 + q−1 α) q Γ(1 + sα) q
(α) q
 (α) a + b q q
≤ |f (a)| + f   .
2α Γ(1 + 2q−1
q−1 α) 2α Γ(1 + (s + 1)α) 2 
(3.14)
Moreover,
Z 1 Z 1 q
1 q
α q−1 α 1 q
α q−1 α
Γ(1 + q−1 α)
(2t − 1) (dt) = (1 − 2t) (dt) = .
Γ(1 + α) 1
2
Γ(1 + α) 1
2
2α Γ(1 + 2q−1
q−1 α)

8
 And, similar to the estimate of (3.13), we have
   
 (α) a + b q
Z 1
1 (α) q α Γ(1 + sα) (α) q
|f (ta + (1 − t)b)| (dt) ≤ α f  + |f (b)| .
Γ(1 + α) 1 2 Γ(1 + (s + 1)α)  2 
2

So, it is analogues to the estimate of (3.11), we have

Z 1
1 2
(1 − 2t)|f (α) (ta + (1 − t)b)|(dt)α
Γ(1 + α) 0
 Z 1  q−1  Z 1 1
1 q
α q−1 α
q 1 (α) qα α
q
≤ (2t − 1) (dt) |f (ta + (1 − t)b)| (dt)
Γ(1 + α) 1 Γ(1 + α) 1
2
 q  q−1   1  2   q  1
Γ(1 + q−1 α) q Γ(1 + sα) q  (α) a + b q (α)
 q
q 
≤ 2q−1 α
 f  + |f (b)|  .
α
2 Γ(1 + q−1 α) 2 Γ(1 + (s + 1)α)  2 
(3.15)
Thus, combining (3.10), (3.14) and (3.15), we obtain
 
 f (a) + f (b) Γ(1 + α) (α) 
 − a I b f (x) 
 2α (b − a)α 
 q  q−1  1
(b − a)α Γ(1 + q−1 α) q Γ(1 + sα) q
≤ α 2q−1 α
2 2α Γ(1 + q−1 α) 2 Γ(1 + (s + 1)α)
   q  1    1 
(α) q
 (α) a + b  q  (α) a + b q (α) q
q
× |f (a)| + f   + f  + |f (b)| .
2   2 

Terefore, we complete the proof of Theorem 3.3.

Acknowledgments This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of
China (11161042, 11471050)

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