THE GLOBAL SOUTH

The Global South

 Known as the developing countries or “poor side”
 GDP, HDI and general standard of living are inferior to the North
Examples:
Somalia, Vietnam, Haiti and India
Why are countries in the South considered LEDCs?
 Unstable government
 Poor economy
 Poor standards of living and quality of life
 Low Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
 Low Human Development Index (HDI)
Some LEDCs have skewed HDIs due to relatively high GDP with an exceptionally low
standard of living.
Example:
Indonesia

Why is the South at such disadvantage?

 Colonization of lands
 Most countries were imperialists
 From the 13th century on, countries that were inferior remains inferior.
 With the exception of the United States, a former British colony, developed into
the most powerful country. (Guttal, 2016)

First, Second and Third Worlds

1st slide
Global North- Global South
 First emerged in 1996
 At the end of Cold war, commentators draw a label of dichotomy
The North – wealthy, developed countries located in the northern hemisphere
The South – poorer, developing countries located in the southern hemisphere
“The North-South divide”/ “The Gap between North and South”
 Policymakers and practitioners of UN circles use these phrases to summarize
complex political and economic tensions on range of issues.
2nd slide
First, Second, and Third World Terms and Categorization
 The terms were influenced by the Cold War era between the USA and USSR
First World - was drawn upon the political ideologies and alliances with the US
and much of the western world that preached for democracy and capitalism
Second World - was the communist bloc led by the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republic or Russia, China and other states that uses Marxist Principles.
Third World - the non-aligned states, the underdeveloped nations and states
which has unstable political and economic conditions.
The term “Third World”
Coined by the French scholar Alfred Sauvy in 1952.
 This was to distinguish the former colonized and presently neo-colonized
societies of Asia, Africa and Latin America from the modern ‘first’ world
capitalism and ‘second’ world socialism.
By 1960s
 The “Third World” would become a central political slogan for the radical left.
 The term in its origins had suggested that societies of the Third World,
embarking on the long path to modernity, had one of two paths to follow the
capitalist and socialist. (Dirlick, 2007)

3rd slide
The "Third World"
 Coined by states hoping to navigate between two poles of the Cold War and
ultimately gave birth to the Non-Aligned Movement.
 These countries were generally less economically developed than their First - and
Second-World counterparts.
 Riggs (2007) pointed out some interchangeable terms that characterize the Third
World - The Less developed World, the Majority World, the Non-Western World,
the Poor World, and the Undeveloped World, all beaming with hues of economic
dilemma and lack of development.
4th slide
The Third World
 serves as “ready and willing markets” to the delight of the first world producer
states.
Developing World

 as a term used to call those countries that were once part of the third world
countries which strive through the realities of the cold war era.
● Countries that are part of the Developing world are those who attempt to enter
the first world through industrialization, and globalization are mostly Asian
countries that are dubbed as "Asian tigers".

5th slide
Brandt Report
 published in 1983 by a commission chaired by former German Chancellor
Willy Brandt.
 identified a North/South line (or Brandt line) and popularized the term
“The South”
“The South”
 a geographical convenience based on the fact that most Poor World lies
south of latitude 30° North
Exceptions: Australia and New Zealand
Critics: it hid from view the political and economic processes and
historical inheritances that rendered the southern countries poor in the
first place.