Resource of Traditional

Chinese Medicine
Sibao Chen
Nov. 4, 2020
 Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)
Formula

Chinese
Patent Medicine
（CPM）

Plant-derived Animal-derived Formula

Single herb CMM CMM

Chinese Material
Chinese Herbal Medica Decoction
medicine (CMM,中藥材)

Mineral-derived
CMM
 Numbers of CMM

Shennong’s Classic of Medicinal Herbs 365

《神農本草經》

Treatise on Pathogenic and Miscellaneous 113 prescription， 82 herbal medicine

Diseases
《傷寒論》
Compendium of Materia Medica 1892
《本草綱目》
Pharmacopoeia of China 2711
《中國藥典》
Chinese materia medica 8980
《中華本草》
Encyclopedia of Chinese Materia Medica 4773 (botanical), 740 (Animal)
《中藥大辭典》 82 (Mineral)
《全國中草藥彙編》 3936
《中國中藥資源志要》 12964

Hong Kong Chinese Materia Medica Standards 289

 Authentic Real Material Medica (ARMM)
道地藥材 ( or地道藥材)
• Authentic Real Material Medica (ARMM) = “genuine Material Medica”
• Definition: ARMM = high quality Chinese herbal medicine,
• ARMM refers to medicinal materials growing in a specific area of natural
conditions and ecological environment,
• and production is concentrated,
• have certain cultivation technology and processing method, efficiency, high quality
recognized by TCM clinical.
 Authentic Real (Genuine) Medicinal Materials

"Guan" medicines 關藥
"Bei" medicines 北藥
"Huai" medicines 懷藥
"Zhe" medicines 浙藥
" Jiannan" medicines 江南藥
" Chuan" medicines 川藥
" Yungui" medicines 雲貴藥
" Guang" medicines 廣藥
" Xi" medicines 西藥
“ Zang” (Tibet) medicines 藏藥
"Guan" medicines 關藥
CMM (中藥材） Botanical origin
人參 Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma Panax ginseng

鹿茸 Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum Cervus nippon,

C. elaphus
防風 Saposhnikoviae Radix Saposhnikovia divaricata
細辛 Asari Radix et Rhizoma Asarum heterotropoides

五味子 Schisandrae Chinensis Fructue Schisandra chinensis

刺五加 Acanthopanacis Senticosi Acanthopanax senticosus

Radix et Rhizoma Seu Caulis
黃柏 Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex Phellodendron chinense

知母 Anemarrhenae Rhizoma Anemarrhena asphodeloides

龍膽 Gentianae Radix et Rhizoma Gentiana manshurica,

G. scabra,
G. triflora,
G. rigescens
 Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma
人參
Panax ginseng
Production regions: Jilin, Liaoning, Heilongijiang.

Functions：Greatly supplements original qi,

restores the pulse, secures desertion, supplements
the spleen, benefits the lung, engenders body
fluids, stops thirst, quiets the spirit, promotes
intelligence.

Therapeutic use: Apply to complete exhaustion

due to physical weakness, cold limbs and weak
pulse, poor appetite due to splenic deficiency,
coughing with asthma due to pulmondeficiency,
hydrodipsia due to depletion of body fluids,
feverish dysphoria and diabetes, deficiency and
weakness due to invalidism, palpitation and
insomnia, impotence and uterus cold, cardiac
failure, cardiogenic shock.
 Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum
鹿茸
Cervus nippon （梅花鹿）
Cervus elaphus （马鹿）

Production Regions：Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei.

Functions: Strengthens kidney yang,

upplements essence blood, strengthens sinew
and bone, adjusts chong and ren channels, raises
sore toxin.

Therapeutic use: Apply to impotence and

spermatorrhea, infertility due to ovary cold,
skinny body, exhausted spirit, fear of cold,
dizziness, tinnitus, deaf, waist cold pain,
weakness of sinew and bone, metrorrhagia and
metrostaxis, morbid leucorrhea, yin abscesses.
 Saposhnikoviae Radix
防風
Saposhnikovia divaricata

Production regions: eastern Inner Mongolia.

Therapeutic use: Apply to exterior syndrome
due to wind-cold, headache, dizziness, rigid
neck, rheumatic arthralgia with wind-cold,
joint pain and sour, convulsion of limbs,
tetanus.
 Asari Radix et Rhizoma
細辛
Asarum heterotropoides

Production regions: Northeastern China and

Jiangsu, Hubei.
Functions：Resolvers exterior, disperses cold,
dispels wind, stops pain, warms lung, transforms
fluids, frees nose.
Therapeutic use: Apply to exterior disease induced
by pathogenic wind-cold, headache, toothache, wind-
damp impediment, dyspnea with cough due to
phlegm and retained fluids, nasal obstruction,
rhinorrhea with turbid discharge, mouth sore.
 Schisandrae Chinensis
Fructue
五味子
Schisandra chinensis
Production Regions: northeastern regions of
China.
Functions：Astringes and secures, boosts qi,
engenders fluid, supplements kidney, calms heart.
Therapeutic use: Apply to lingering cough and
dyspnea due to deficiency, nocturnal emissions
and spermatorrhoea, anischuria and urinary
frequency, lingering diarrhea, spontaneous
perspiration, night sweat, hydrodipsia due to
depletion of body fluids, shortness of breath and
feeble pulse, feverish dysphoria and diabetes,
palpitation and insomnia.
 Acanthopanacis Senticosi
Radix et Rhizoma Seu Caulis
刺五加
Acanthopanax senticosus

Production Regions：Hebei and northeastern

China.

Functions ：Boosts qi, fortifies the spleen,

supplements the kidney, strengthens the muscles and
bones; invigorates blood and veins.

Therapeutic use: Apply to wind-cold and damp

impediment, pain of waist and knees, muscle and
bone flaccidity, slow movement, body deficiency,
traumatic injury, fracture, edema, beriberi, vaginal
damp and itch.
 “Bei” medicines (北藥)
Botanical
CMM
origin
北沙參 Glehniae Radix Glehnia littoralis
Crataegus pinnatifida
山楂 Crataegi Fructus
C. pinnatifida
黨參 Codonopsis Radix Codonopsis pilosula
金銀花 Lonicerae Japonicae Flos Lonicera japonica
板藍根 Isatidis Radix Isatis indigotica
連翹 Forsythiae Fructus Forsythia suspensa
酸棗仁 Ziziphi Spinosae Semen Ziziphus jujuba
Polygala tenuifolia
遠志 Polygalae Radix
P. sibirica
黃芩 Scutellariae Radix Scutellaria baicalensis
Paeonia lactiflora
赤芍 Paeoniae Radix Rubra
P. veitchii
Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Central and 知母 Anemarrhenae Rhizoma
Anemarrhena
asphodeloides
eastern Inner Mongolia
枸杞子 Lycii Fructus Lycium barbarum

阿膠 Asini Corii Colla Equus asinus

全蝎 Scorpio Buthus martensii
 Glehnia Radix
北沙參
Glehnia littoralis

Production regions：Shandong, Jiangsu,

Hebei, Liaoning.
Functions：Nourishes yin, clears the lung,
boosts the stomach, and engenders fluid.
Therapeutic use：Apply to lung heat and
dry-cough, pulmondeficiency due to long term
cough with blood, hydrodipsia due to heat and
fluid-damage.
 Crataegi Fructus
山楂
Crataegus pinnatifida, C.
pinnatifida

Production regions： Henan, Hebei,

Shandong.
Functions：Opens appetite, digests food,
resolves stagnation, eliminates accumulation,
invigorates blood, disperses stasis, resolves
phlegm, moves qi.
Therapeutic use：Apply to dyspeptic disease
due to over consumption of meat, abdominal
mass accumulation, abdominal swelling and
fullness, abdominal pain due to stasis.
 Codonopsis Radix
黨參
党参 Codonopsis pilosula,
素花党参 C. pilosula var.modesta

Production Regions：Shanxi, Gansu, Shaanxi,

Sichuan.
Functions：Supplements the center,
boosts qi, fortifies the lung, boosts the spleen.
Therapeutic use： Apply to weakness of
spleen and lung, short breath and palpitations,
anorexia and loose stool, dyspnea and cough due
to deficiency of the lung,
feverish dysphoria and diabetes.
 Lonicera Japonicae Flos
金銀花
Lonicera japonica

Production Regions: Henan, Shandong.

Functions: Disperses wind heat, clears heat,
resolves toxin.
Therapeutic use：Apply to various heat
diseases, body heat, rashes, spots, sore heat
toxin, throat swelling pain, and so on.
 Isatidis Radix
板藍根
Isatis indigotica

Production Regions: Henan, Hebei, Anhui,

Jiangsu, and northeastern China.

Functions: Clears hear, resolves toxin, cools

the blood, benefits the throat.

Therapeutic use: Apply to eruptions due to

epidemic heat syndrome, headaches caused by
chronic fever, epidemic disease characterized
by swelling and redness of face, dark purple
crimson tongue. scarlet fever, erysipelas,
mumps, pharyngitis, swelling sores, chicken
pox, measles, hepatitis, influenza, epidemic
meningitis, Japanese B encephalitis, pneumonia,
coma, hematemesis and non-traumatic
hemorrhage, swelling throat, acute scleritis,
sore and eruption.
 Forsythiae Fructus
連翹
Forsythia suspensa

Production Regions:Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi.

Functions：Clears heat, resolves toxin,
eliminates swelling, disperses stasis,
dispels wind heat, also called ‘premier of
sore medicines’.
Therapeutic use: Apply to warm heat diseases,
erysipelas, rashes, abscess swelling pain,
scrofula, pyretic stranguria and uroschesis,
heart fire.
“Huai” Medicines (懷藥)

 Refer to Authentic Real Material Medica （道地藥材） growing Henan Province,

about 300 species.
 Four Huai Medicines 四大懷藥:

Rehmanniae Radix (懷)地黃

Dioscoreae Rhizoma (懷)山藥
Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix (懷)牛膝
Chrynthemi Flos (懷)菊花
 Rehmanniae Radix
(懷)地黃
Rehmannia glutinosa

Production Regions：Shandong, Shanxi, Henan, Hebei.

Functions: Fresh: Clears heat, engenders fluids, cools
blood, stops bleeding. Raw: clears heat, cools blood,
nourishes yin, and engenders fluids. Rehmanniae Radix
Preaeparata (Processed): nourishes yin, supplements bloods,
boosts essence, and fills the marrow.
Therapeutic use: yin deficiency and hectic fever, diabetes,
hematemesis, non-traumatic hemorrhage, metrorrhagia,
irregular menstruation, threatened miscarriage, diarrhea due
to yin damage.
 Dioscoreae Rhizoma
(懷)山藥
Dioscorea opposita

Production Regions: Henan, Shanxi, Hebei, Shaanxi.

Functions : Supplements spleen, nourishes stomach,
engenders fluid, benefits lung, supplements kidney, astringes
essence.
Therapeutic use: Apply to lack of food intake due to spleen
deficiency, chronic diarrhea, cough and panting due to lung
deficiency, emissions due to kidney deficiency, vaginal
discharge, frequent urination, and diabetes due to deficiency-
heat.
 Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix
(懷)牛膝
Achyranthes bidentata

Production Regions: Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi.

Functions: Supplements liver and kidney, strengthens
sinew and bone, invigorates blood, frees channels,
conducts the blood to move downward, promotes urination.
Therapeutic use: Apply to sour pain of waist and knees,
tired and soft of lower limbs, blood stasis and amenorrhea,
dysmenorrhea, abdominal pain after giving birth,
aggregation-accumulation,
 Chrynthemi Flos
(懷)菊花
Chrysanthemum morifolium

According to the production region and

processing method, divided into 5 commodity
specifications:
懷菊 Huai Ju: Jiaozuo, Hennan 河南焦作
亳菊 Bo Ju: Bozhou, Anhui安徽亳州
滁菊 Tu Ju: Chunzhou, Anhui 安徽滁州
貢菊 Gong Ju: Huangshan, Anhui 安徽黃山
杭菊 Hang Ju: Tongxiang, Zhejiang 浙江桐鄉

Production Regions: Jiaozuo, Hennan.

Functions: Clears heat, resolves toxin, calms
the liver, brightens eyes, dispels wind,
disperses heat.
 “Zhe” medicines （浙藥）
浙藥: Medicinal materials produced in Zhejiang province and coastal continental
nearby Zhejiang Province, representative ARMM are 8 Famous Kinds Herbal
Medicines “浙八味”:

Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma 白朮 Corydalis yanhusuo 延胡索

Paeoniae Radix Alba (杭)白芍 Scrophulariae Radix 玄參
Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus 浙貝母 Ophiopogonis Radix 麥冬
Chrynthemi Flos (杭白)菊花 Curcumae Radix 溫郁金
Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma
白朮
Atractylodes macrocephala

Production Regions：Zhejiang, Hunan,

Hubei, Anhui.
Functions：Fortifies the spleen, boosts
qi, dries dampness, promotes urination,
stops sweating, calms the fetus.
Therapeutic use: Apply to deficiency-
weakness of spleen, anorexia, abdominal
distension, and loose stool, dizziness
induced by phlegm and retained fluids,
edema, spontaneous perspiration, restless
fetal movement.
 Paeoniae Radix Alba
(杭)白芍
Paeonia lactiflora

Production Region Zhejiang, Anhui, Sichuan,

Functions：Nourishes the blood, regulates
menstruation, calms the liver, relieve pain,
astringes yin, stops sweating.
Therapeutic use: Apply to thoracic,
abdominal and costal pains, abdominal pain
due to dysentery, spontaneous perspiration and
night sweat, fever with yin deficiency, irregular
menstrual periods, metrorrhagia and etrostaxis,
leukorrhea.
 Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus
浙貝母
Fritillaria thunbergii

Production Regions：Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Anhui,

Hunan.
Functions：Clears heat, transforms phlegm,
disperses bind, resolves toxin.
Therapeutic use: Apply to wind-heat cough, lung
abscess and throat impediment, scrofula, swelling
and pain of sore and ulcer.
 Chrynthemi Flos
(杭白)菊花
Chrysanthemum morifolium
According to the origin and processing method,
be divided into ：
Bozhou Ju 亳菊:
Chu Ju 滁菊：
Gong Ju 貢菊：
Hang Ju 杭菊 (杭白菊 ):
Huai Ju 懷菊:

Production Regions：Tongxiang, Zhejiang.

Functions：Clears heat, resolves toxin,
calms the liver, brightens eyes, dispels wind,
disperses heat.
 Corydalis yanhusuo
延胡索
Corydalis tanhusuo

Production Regions：Zhejiang.
Functions：Invigorates blood,disperses
stasis, moves Qi, stops pain.
Therapeutic use: Apply to chest impediment
and heart pain, flank and abdomen pain,
headache, waist pain, hernia pain, sinew and
bone pain, dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea,
postpartum blood stasis and abdominal pain,

injury from falls.

 Scrophulariae Radix
玄參
Scrophularia ningpornsis

Production Regions：Zhejiang, Sichuan,

Chongqing, Shaanxi, Hubei, Jiangxi.
Functions: Clears heat, cools blood, drains fire,
resolves toxin, nourishes yin.
Therapeutic use: Apply to damp evil entering
construction and the pericardium, warm toxin
inducing eruptions, heat disease damaging yin, dark
red tongue and vexation, damage of fluid and
constipation, bone steaming and over-strained cough,
red eye, throat pain, scrofula, diphtheritic, swelling
abscess and sore toxin.
 Ophiopogonis Radix
麥冬
Ophiopogon japonicus

Production Regions: Sichuan, Zhejiang.

Functions: Nourishes yin, engenders fluid,
moistens lung, stops cough, clear heart,
eliminates vexation.
Therapeutic use: Apply to damage of body
fluid due to heat disease, vexation, thirst,
dry throat due to lung heat, cough,
and tuberculosis.
 Curcumae Radix
溫郁金
Curcuma wenyujin

Production Regions: Zhejiang.

Functions: Moves qi, transforms stasis,
clears heart, resolves depression,
promotes gall bladder, abates jaundice.
Therapeutic use: Apply to painful
menstruation and amenorrhea, thoracic and
abdominal swelling and costal pains, hot
disease and coma, vesania and frightened
epilepsy, jaundice and hematuria.
“Jiangnan” Medicines 江南藥

江南藥: ARMM growing in provinces south of the Huai River (淮河): Hunan (湖南),
Hubei(湖北)， Jiangsu(江蘇), Anhui(安徽), Fujian(福建), Jiangxi(江西)
 TCM Production region Plan Origin

菊花 Chrysanthemi Flos 亳菊、歙县 Chrysanthemum morifolium

牡丹皮 Moutan Cortex 铜陵 Paeonia suffruticosa
石斛 Dendrobii Caulis 霍山石斛 Dendrobium nobile, D.huoshanense, D.
chrysotoxum, D. fimbriatum
木瓜 Chaenomelis Fructus 宣城、湖南湘乡 Chaenomeles speciosa

薄荷 Menthae Haplocalycis 江苏的苏薄荷、零陵薄荷 Mentha haplocalyx

Herba
蒼朮 Atractylodis Rhizoma 江苏茅苍术、 Atractylodes lancea
太子參 Pseudostellariae Radix 江苏 Pseudostellaria heterophylla
蟾酥 Bufonis Venenum 江苏 Bufo bufo gargarizans,
Bufo melanostictus
澤瀉 Alismatis Rhizoma 建泽泻 Alisma orientale, Alisma plantago-
aquatica
蓮子 Nelumbinis Semen 福建 Nelumbo nucifera
厚朴 Magnoliae Officinalis 建厚朴 Magnolia officinalis
Cortex
烏梅 Mume Fructus 闽西乌梅（建红梅） Prunus mume
蘄蛇 Agkistrodon 湖北蕲春 Agkistrodon acutus
 TCM Production Region Plant Origin
枳殼 Aurantii Fructus 江西清江、湖南沅江 Citrus aurantium
香薷 Moslae Herba 宜春香薷 Mosla chinensis
雞血藤 Spatholobi Caulis 丰城鸡血藤 Spatholobus suberectus
茯苓 Poria 湖北的大别山茯苓 Poria cocos
蜈蚣 Scolopendra 鄂北蜈蚣 Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans
鱉甲 Trionycis Carapax 江汉平原的龟甲、鳖甲 Trionyx sinensis
山麥冬 Liriopes Radix 襄阳山麦冬 Liriope spicata, Liriope muscari
黨參 Codonopsis Radix 板桥党参 Codonopsis tangshen
黃連 Coptidis Rhizoma 鄂西味连 Coptis chinensis, C. deltoidea, C. teeta
獨活 Angelicae Pubescentis Radix 长阳独活 Angelica pubescens
半夏 Pinelliae Rhizoma 京山半夏 Pinellia ternata
白朮 Atractylodis Macrocephalae 湖南平江白术 Atractylodes macrocephala
Rhizoma
玉竹 Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma 邵东湘玉竹、 Polygonatum odoratum
升麻 Cimicifugae Rhizoma 零陵汝升麻 Cimicifuga heracleifolia, C.dahurica
 Moutan Cortex
牡丹皮
Paeonia suffruticosa

Production Regions: Anhui, Sichuan, Henan, Shandong.

Functions: Clears heat, cools blood, invigorates blood,
disperses stasis.
Therapeutic use: Apply to heat entering into blood
circulation, eruptions, non-traumatic hemorrhage and
hemafecia, fever due to heat hidden in yin of later stage of
febrile diseases, yin deficiency and bone steaming and hot
flash, blood stagnation and abdominal mass, dysmenorrheal,
abscess and sore swelling pain, injuries due to falls and toil,
wind-damp heat impediment.
Menthae Haplocalycis Herba
(蘇)薄荷
Mentha haplocalyx

Production Regions: Anhui, Jiangsu, Jiangxi,

Sichuan.
Functions: Disperses wind-heat, clears the
head and eyes, benefits the throat,
vents rashes, courses the liver and resolves
constraint.
Therapeutic use: Apply to wind-heat cold,
headache, throat pain, mouth and tongue sore,
rubella, measles, chest and abdominal
constraint, anti-early pregnancy.
Disperses inflammation and stops pain.
 Atractylodis Rhizoma
（茅）蒼朮
Atractylodes lancea
A. chinensis

Production Regions: Zhejiang, Hubei,

Jiangsu, Henan.
Functions: Dries dampness, fortifies the
spleen, dispels wind, disperses cold, and
brightens the eyes.
Therapeutic use: Apply to chest congestion
and abdominal distention, diarrhea and edema,
beriberi and paralysis, wind and dampness
impediment, wind-cold, caecitas nocturna.
 Alismatis Rhizoma
(建)澤瀉
Alisma orientale,
A. plantago-aquatica

Production Regions: Fujian, Sichuan.

Functions: Promotes urination, percolates
dampness, drains heat, frees strangury.
Therapeutic use: Apply to difficulty in urination,
difficulty and pain while urinating induced by pyretic
stranguria, edema and tumescence, diarrhea,
dizziness induced by phlegm and retained fluid and
emissions.
 Trionycis Carapax
鳖甲
Trionyx sinensis

Production Regions: Anhui, Jiangsu, Hubei.

Functions:Nourishes Yin, subdues Yang,
softens hardness, disperses binds.
Therapeutic use: Apply to heat and steaming
bone, nodule malaria, hard ribs, waist pain,
amenorrhea and stasis.
 Codonopsis Radix
(板桥 or 川)党参
Codonopsis tangshen

Production Regions: Hubei, Enshi, banqiao (湖北恩施板橋)

Functions:Supplements the center, boosts qi, fortifies the
lung, boosts the spleen.
Therapeutic use: Apply to weakness of spleen and lung,
short breath and palpitations, anorexia and loose stool,
dyspnea and cough due to deficiency of the lung, feverish
dysphoria and diabetes.
 Aurantii Fructus
枳壳
Citrus aurantium

Production Regions: Jiangxi, Sichuan, Hunan,

Functions: Moves qi, moves stagnation,
eliminates swelling.
 “Chuan” Medicines 川藥

川藥 refers to ARMM produced in Sichuan province

TCM Production region Plant origin
冬蟲夏草 Cordyceps Aba （阿坝） Cordyceps sinensis
附子 Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata Jiangyou （江油） Aconitum carmichaelii
麥冬 Ophiopogonis Radix Mianyang （绵阳） Ophiopogon japonicus
川芎 Chuanxiong Rhizoma Guan county （灌县） Ligusticum chuanxiong
黃連 Coptidis Rhizoma Shi zhu County, （石柱县） Coptis chinensis, Coptis deltoidea
白芷 Angelicae Dahuricae Radix Suining （遂宁） Angelica dahurica
白芍 Paeoniae Radix Alba Zhongjiang （中江） Paeonia lactiflora
 Cordyceps
冬蟲夏草
Cordyceps sinensis

Production Regions:Tibet, Qinghai, Sichuan,

Yunnan.
Functions :Supplements the lung, boosts the
kidney, stops bleeding, transforms phlegm.
Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata
附子
Aconitum carmichaelii

Production Regions: Sichuan, Shaanxi.

Functions: Returns yang, rescues counter flow,
supplements fire, assists yang, dispels cold, relieves
pain. ‘First medicinal material of returns yang and
rescues counter flow’.
Therapeutic use: Apply to excessive yin refusing
yang, loss of yang due to profuse perspiration,
vomiting and diarrhea, counter flow limbs, cold limbs
and faint pulse, chest and abdominal cold pain, cold
diarrhea, beriberi and edema, wind-cold and damp
impediment, impotence, cold uterine, vomit and
diarrhea due to deficiency and cold, edema due to yin
cold, exterior cold due to yang deficiency, yin
carbuncle and sore, and all the diseases of chronic
cold.
 Ophiopogonis Radix
麥冬
Ophiopogon japonicus

Production Regions: Sichuan, Zhejiang.

Functions: Nourishes yin, engenders fluid,
moistens lung, stops cough,
clear heart, eliminates vexation.
Therapeutic use: Apply to damage of body
fluid due to heat disease, vexation, thirst, dry
throat due to lung heat, cough, and tuberculosis.

 Chuanxiong Rhizoma
川芎
Ligusticum chuanxiong

Production Regions: Sichuan, Jiangxi, Hunan,

Hubei.
Functions: Invigorates the blood, eliminates stasis,
moves qi, opens stagnation, dispels wind, relieves
pain.
Therapeutic use: Apply to chest impediment and
heartache, chest pain, swollen pain of falls wound,
irregular menses, amenorrhea, dysmenorrheal,
abdominal mass and pain, headache, wind-damp
impediment.
 Coptidis Rhizoma
黃連 (味連,雅連)
黃連Coptis chinensis (味連)
三角葉黃連C. deltoidea (雅連)

Coptis teeta (雲連) distributes in Yunnan province.

Production Regions: Chongqing, Hubei, Shaanxi, Gansu.

Functions: Clears heat, dries, dampness, drains fire,
resolves toxin.
Therapeutic use: Damp-heat distention and fullness,
vomiting and acid regurgitation, diarrhea, jaundice, dizziness
with high fever, excess of heart fire, insomnia due to exation,
haematemesis and epistaxis due to blood heat, red eye,
toothache, diabetes, abscess, sore and boil swelling,
externally used to eczema, ear pus.
 Paeoniae Radix Alba
(中江）白芍
Paeonia lactiflora

Production Regions: Anhui, Sichuan, Zhejiang.

Functions: Nourishes the blood, regulates
menstruation, calms the liver, relieve pain, astringes
yin, stops sweating.
Therapeutic use：Apply to thoracic, abdominal and
costal pains, abdominal pain due to dysentery,
spontaneous perspiration and night sweat, fever with
yin deficiency, irregular menstrual periods,
metrorrhagia and metrostaxis, leukorrhea.
“YunGui” medicines雲貴藥
TCM Plant

Notoginseng Radix
三七 Panax notoginseng
et Rhizoma

(雲)黃連 Coptidis Rhizoma Coptis teeta

當歸 Angelicae Sinensis Angelica sinensis

Radix

Gentiana manshurica, G.
Gentianae Radix et
龍膽 scabra, G. triflora, G.
Rhizoma
rigescens

天麻 Gastrodiae Rhizoma Gastrodia elata

茯苓 Poria Poria cocos

半夏 Pinelliae Rhizoma Pinellia ternata

 Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma
三七
Panax notoginseng

Production Regions: Wenshan of Yunnan.

Functions: Stops bleeding,disperses blood, calms
pain.
Therapeutic use: Apply to swelling and pain from
injury, chest impediment and pain, abdominal mass,
blood stasis and amenorrhea, dysmenorrheal,
postpartum yin stasis and abdominal pain, sore and
abscess swelling pain.
 Coptidis Rhizoma
(雲)黃連
Coptis teeta

Production Regions: Yunnan.

Functions: Clears heat, dries dampness, drains fire,
resolves toxin.
Therapeutic use: Damp-heat distention and fullness,
vomiting and acid regurgitation, diarrhea, jaundice, dizziness
with high fever, excess of heart fire, insomnia due to
vexation, haematemesis and epistaxis due to blood heat, red
eye, toothache, diabetes, abscess, sore and boil swelling,
externally used to eczema, ear pus.
 Angelicae Sinensis Radix
(雲)當歸
Angelica sinensis

Production Regions: Yunnan

Functions: Supplements the blood, invigorates the blood,
regulates menstruation, relieves pain, moistens the intestines,
frees the stool.
Therapeutic use: Apply to chlorosis due to hemopenia,
vertigo and palpitation, irregular menstrual periods,
amenorrhea and painful menstruation, deficiency cold
abdominalgia, constipation induced by dryness of the
intestine, rheumatic arthralgia, injuries from falls, superficial
infection and burns and scalds.
 Poria
(雲)茯苓
Poria cocos

Production Regions: Yunnan

Functions: Promotes urination, leaches out
dampness, fortifies the spleen and stomach, calms
spirit.
Therapeutic use: Apply to dysuria, edema, phlegm
and retained fluid and cough, vomiting, less intake
due to deficiency of spleen, diarrhea, and fright and
nervous, insomnia and amnesia, spermatorrhea and
onorrhea.
 Gastrodiae Rhizoma
天麻
Gastrodia elata

Production Regions: Sichuan, Yunnan,

Guizhou, Shaanxi, Hubei.
Functions: Extinguishes wind, relieves tetany,
calms liver, lowbears yang, dispels wind, frees
channels.
 Pinelliae Rhizoma
半夏
Pinellia ternata

Production Regions: Gansu, Hubei, Sichuan, Anhui,

Jiangsu, Henan, Zhejiang.
Functions: Dries dampness, transforms phlegm, downbears
counterflow, relieves vomiting, disperses focal distention,
dissipates binds.
Therapeutic use: Apply to damp-phlegm and cold-phlegm,
cough with much phlegm, phlegm-fluid retention,
palpitations, wind-phlegm and dizziness, phlegm syncope
and headache, vomiting and stomach reflux, gastric
stuffiness, plum-pit-qi; externally used for painful and
swollen phlegm nodes.
“Guang” or “Nan” medicines 廣藥（南藥）

Four Southern Medicines 四大南藥

Arecae Semen檳榔
Amomi Fructus 砂仁
Morindae Officinalis Radix 巴戟天
Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus 益智
TCM
Spatholobi Caulis 雞血藤
Sophorae Tonkinensis Radix
Rhizoma山豆根
Cinnamomum Cortex肉桂
Gecko蛤蚧
Dendrobii Caulis 石斛
Desmodii Styracifolii Herba 廣金錢草
Curcumae Rhizoma莪術
Pogostemonis Herba廣藿香
Aipiniae officinarum Rhizoma高良薑
Citri Grandis Exocarpium化橘紅
Citri Reticulate Pericarpium廣陳皮
Polygoni multiflori Radix何首烏
Production Region Plant origin
North of Guangxi 密花豆Spatholobus suberedus
et North of Guangxi 越南槐Sophora tonkinensis
Fangcheng, Guangxi廣西防 肉桂Cinnamomum cassia
城
Fangcheng, Guangxi廣西防 蛤蚧Gekko gecko
城
North of Guangxi 金釵石斛Dendrobium nobile、霍山石斛D.
huoshanense、鼓槌石斛D. chrysotoxum、流蘇
石斛D. fimbriatum
North of Guangxi 廣金錢草Desmodium styracifolium
North of Guangxi 蓬莪術Curcuma phaeocaulis、廣西莪術
C.kuuangsiensis
Guangdong廣東 廣藿香Pogostemon cablin
Guangdong廣東 高良薑Alpinia officinarum
Huazhou, Guangdong 廣 東 化州柚Citrus grandis‘Tomentosa’或柚C. grandis
化州
Xinhui, Guangdong廣東 新 茶枝柑Citrus reticμlata‘Chachi’
會
Dengqing, Guangdong廣東 何首烏Polygonum multiflorum
德慶
 Arecae Semen
檳榔
Areca catechu

Production Regions: Hainan, Yunnan,

Guangdong, Fujian.
Functions: Kills worms, disperses
accumulations, downbears qi, moves water,
interrupts malaria.
Therapeutic use: Apply to worm stasis, food
stasis, abdominal swelling pain, tenesmus,
beriberi, edema, malaria.
Amomi Fructus 砂仁
陽春砂Amomum villosum
綠殼砂A. villosum var.xanthioides
海南砂A. longiligulare

Production Regions: Guangdong, Guangxi.

Functions:Transforms dampness, increases
appetite, warms spleen, relieves diarrhea,
regulates qi, calms fetus.
Therapeutic use: Apply to retention of
dampness in the middle, abdominal fullness
and anorexia, deficiency and cold spleen and
stomach, vomit and diarrhea, pernicious
vomiting, restless fetal movements.

陽春砂Amomum villosum had been

cultivated in Xishaungbannan, Yunnan
 Morindae Officinalis Radix
巴戟天
Morinda officinalis

Production Regions: Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Hainan.

Functions: Supplements the kidney, invigorates yang,
strengthens the sinews and bones, dispels wind-dampness.
Therapeutic use: Impotence due to deficiency of kidney,
seminal emission and premature ejaculation,
cold pain of lower abdomen, spontaneously urination,
infertility due to cold uterus, wind cold and dampness
arthritis, sourness and weakness of waist and knees,
wind and dampness of legs.
Alpiniae Oxyphyllae Fructus
益智
Alpinia oxyphylla

Production Regions: Guangdong, Hainan.

Functions: Warms spleen, relieves diarrhea, contains
drool, warms kidney, secures essence, reduces urine.
Therapeutic use: Apply to diarrhea due to spleen
deficiency, abdominal cold pain, hypersalivation,
enuresis with renal deficiency, urinary frequency,
emissions, whitish and turbid urine.
“Xi” medicines (西藥)
TCM Plant
秦艽 Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix Gentiana macrophylla, G. straminea, G. crassicaulis, G.
dahurica
牛黃 Bovis Clculus Bos taurus domesticus
當歸 Angelicae Sinensis Radix Angelica sinensis
大黃 Rhei Radix et Rhizoma Rheum palmatum, R. tanguticum, R. officinale
黨參 Codonopsis Radix Codonopsis pilosula, C. tangshen
枸杞子 Lycii Fructus Lycium barbarum
甘草 Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhiza uralensis, G. inflata, G. glabra
麝香 Moschus Moschus berezovkii, M. sifanicus, M. moschiferus
鹿茸 Cervi Cornu Pantotrichum Cervus nippon, C. elaphus
川貝母 Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus Fritillaria cirrhosa
冬蟲夏草 Cordyceps Cordyceps sinensis
肉蓯蓉 Cistanches Herba Cistanche deserticola, C. tubulosa
紫草 Arnebiae Radix Arnebia euchroma, Arnebia guttata
阿魏 Ferulae Resina Ferula sinkiangensis, Ferula fukanensis
麻黃 Ephedra Herba Ephedra sinica, Ephedra intermedia, Ephedra equisetina
伊貝母 Fritillariae Pallidiflorae Bulbus Fritillaria walujewii, Fritillaria pallidiflora
紅花 Carthami Flos Carthamus tinctorius
鎖陽 Cynomorii Herba Cynomorium songaricum
 Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix
秦艽
Gentiana macrophylla, G.straminea,
G. crassicaulis, G.dahurica

Production Regions: Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai,

Sichuan.
Functions : Dispels wind-damp, comforts
sinews, clears deficiency heat.
Therapeutic use: Apply to wind-damp
impediment, contracture of bones and muscles,
sour pain of bone and joint, afternoon tidal
fever, infantile malnutrition with fever.
 Bovis Clculus
西牛黃
Bos taurus domesticus

Production Regions: Gansu, Inner ongolia.

Functions: Clears heart, sweeps phlegm,
opens the orifices, cool the liver,
extinguishes wind, resolves toxin.
Therapeutic use: Apply to coma due to
heat, stroke with phlegm, convulsion,
epilepsy, throat swelling and pain, mouth
and tongue sore, abscess swelling,
furuncle and sore.
 Angelicae Sinensis Radix
當歸
Angelica sinensis

Production Regions：Gansu, Yunnan, Qinghai.

Functions：Supplements the blood,
invigorates the blood, regulates menstruation,
relieves pain, moistens the intestines, frees the stool.
Apply to chlorosis due to hemopenia, vertigo and
palpitation, irregular menstrual periods, amenorrhea
and painful menstruation, deficiency cold
abdominalgia, constipation induced by dryness of the
intestine, rheumatic arthralgia, injuries from falls,
superficial infection and burns and scalds.
 Lycii Fructus
枸杞子
Lycium barbarum

Production Regions ：Ningxia, Gansu,

Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Qinghai.
Functions：Supplements the liver and kidney,
boosts essence and brightens the eyes.
Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus
川貝母
Fritillaria cirrhosa

Production Regions：Sichuan, Yunnan,

Qinghai, Tibet.
Functions：Clears heat, moistens the
lung, transforms phlegm, relieves cough.
Therapeutic use: Apply to dry cough due
to lung heat, cough with rare phlegm,
coughing with asthma due to
consumptive disease and yin deficiency,
cough phlegm with blood.
 Cistanches Herba
肉蓯蓉
Cistanche deserticola,
Cistanche tubulosa

Production Regions：Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Shaanxi.

Functions：Supplements kidney yang,
boosts essence and blood, moistens the intestines and frees
stools.
Therapeutic Use: Apply to weakness deficiency of kidney
yang, lack of essence and blood, impotence, emissions, cold
pain of waist and knees, tinnitus and blur vision, turbid
vaginal discharge, frequent urination, menstruation delay,
metrorrhagia and metrostaxis, infertility, constipation due to
dry intestines.
 Carthami Flos
紅花
Carthamus tinctorius

Production Regions：Xijing, Henan, Hubei, Sichuan,

Yunnan, Zhejiang.
Functions：Boosts blood, frees channels, disperses stasis,
stops pains.
Therapeutic use: Apply to menostasia, painful menstruation,
retention of the lochia, abdominal mass, chest impediment
and pain, abdominal stagnation and pain, chest and flank
sting,
traumatic injury, sore swelling pain.
“Zang” medicines 藏药
TCM Plant

冬蟲夏草 Cordyceps Cordyceps sinensis

麝香 Moschus Moschus berezovkii,
Moschus sifanicus,
Moschus moschiferus
鹿茸 Cervi Cornu Cervus nippon,
Pantotrichum Cervus elaphus
牛黃 Bovis Clculus Bos taurus domesticus
Picrorhiza
胡黃連 Picrorhizae Rhizoma
scrophulariiflora
大黃 Rhei Radix et Rhizoma Rheum palmatum,
Rheum tanguticum,
Rheum officinale
秦艽 Gentianae Macrophyllae Gentiana macrophylla,
Radix Gentiana straminea,
Gentiana crassicaulis,
Gentiana dahurica

Notopterygii Rhizoma et Notopterygium incisum,

羌活
Radix Notopterygium franchetii

Nardostachyos Radix et
甘松 Naradostachys jatamansi
Rhizoma
 Moschus
麝香
Moschus berezovkii, Moschus sifanicus,
Moschus moschiferus

Production Regions: Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan.

Functions: Opens orifices, arouses spirit, invigorates blood,
frees channels, eliminates swelling, relieves pain.
Therapeutic use: Apply to coma induced by heat diseases,
stroke with phlegm syncope, stagnation of qi sudden syncope,
coma affected by evil, amenorrhea, abdominal mass, dystocia
and stillbirth, sudden pain of heart and abdominal, swelling
abscess and scrofula, swelling and pain of throat, pain and
injury from falls, impediment.
 Picrorhizae Rhizoma
胡黃連
Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora

Production Regions: Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan.

Functions: Clears heat, cools blood, dries dampness.
Therapeutic use: Hectic fever due to yin-deficiency,
hectic fever and night sweat, retarded growth in
infants due to malnutrition, hygropyretic diarrhea and
dysentery, jaundice, hematemesis, non-traumatic
hemorrhage, swelling pains induced by conjunctival
congestion, furuncles and ulcers, hemorrhoids and
swelling toxicity.
 Rhei Radix et Rhizoma
大黃
Rheum palmatum
R. tanguticum
R. officinale

Production Regions: Gansu, Qinghai, Tibet, Sichuan.

Functions: Relieves stagnation, clears damp-heat,
reduces fire, cools blood, eliminates stasis, relieves
toxin.
Therapeutic use: Apply to constipation induced by
sthenic fever, heat and distention and full of chest,
damp-heat diarrhea, jaundice, strangury, edema and
abdominal fullness, difficulty of urination, conjunctival
congestion, swelling pain of throat, sore of mouth and
tongue, vomiting due to heat stomach, apostaxis, cough
with blood, epistaxis, hematochezia, hematuria, blood
stasis, amenorrhea,
postpartum stasis and pain, abdominal mass
accumulation, traumatic injury, carbuncle and ulcer due
to heat toxin, erysipelas, empyrosis.
 Formation factors of ARMM (道地藥材 )
• History
• Geography
• Environment
• Human

The forming pattern of ARMM

• Habitat-oriented
• Germplasm-oriented
• Technology-oriented
• Media-oriented
• Multi-factor determinant
ARMM results from the interaction between genotype and environment.
Specific ecological environmental conditions are the most important external
factors.
Germplasm resources are the most important internal factors.

張萬福.湖北民族學院學報(醫學版),1999(02):51-55.
Lycii Fructus 枸杞子 Lycium barbarum Intraspecific differentiation of
The soil salt content of different habitats has a certain Chrynthemi Flos 菊花
effect on the polysaccharide content of Lycium barbarum
fruit. It has a long history of cultivation, and
frequent mutual introduction.

Asexually reproduced, easy to produce

variation and form intraspecific
differentiation.

The difference of geographical environment

and artificial selection are the main reasons
Atractylodis Rhizoma 蒼朮 Atractylodes lancea for the formation of genuine medicinal
material Chrysanthemum.
Compared with the climate of the entire distribution area of
Atractylodes lancea, the climate of Maoshan area has the
characteristics of high temperature, short dry season and
sufficient rainfall.
High temperature is the limiting factor for the growth and
development of Atractylodes lancea.
The formation of genuine medicinal materials shows obvious
adversity effects.
 Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma
丹參
Salvia miltiorrhiza
Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) and salvianolic acid B (Sal
Acid B) are two major extracts obtained from its dried
root.
Soil available phosphorus was considered as a key factor
that influenced the quality of wild S. miltiorrhiza.

There was a significant negative association between the

concentration of Tan IIA in roots and soil available
phosphorus.

Moreover, the accumulation of Tan IIA in S.

miltiorrhiza was also significantly associated with
precipitation in April, May, and October, maximum
temperature in January, and standard deviation of
temperature seasonality.

The content of Tan IIA was related more to the soil

than the temperature.

There was no significant correlation between the

content of Sal Acid B and ecological factors.

The quality of wild Salvia miltiorrhiza from Dao Di area in China and its correlation with soil
parameters and climate factors. Phytochem Anal,2020,31(4):1–8.
 Chuanxiong Rhizoma
川芎
Ligusticum chuanxiong

Chuanxiong shows the greatest adaptability in the ecological environment of

Dujiangyan City.

Allopathic breeding method：

The rhizomes of Ligusticum chuanxiong cultivated in the dam area are partly
transported to the mountain for breeding in early January.

Most of them would be cultivated in the soil until mid-May as the medicinal
material.

The forming pattern of L.chuanxiong is the type of two-factor determinant,

which are combined both unique ecological environment of genuine regions
and advanced cultivation techniques.
The same TCM from different origins differ in chemistry and efficacy.
The formation of the quality of TCM is the result of the comprehensive effect
of the ecological environment and the human environment.

The ecological environment plays a major role.

Soil inorganic elements are one of the most important environmental factors
for the growth of medicinal plants.

中國中藥雜志,2011,36(16):2303-2305.
 Scutellariae Radix 黃芩: Scutellaria baicalensis
Genuine origin: Chengde Hebei (河北承德)

Main active components ：flavonoids, mainly baicalin, wogonin, baicalein and wogonin,
which have antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities.
Baicalin: content of baicalin have locality feature.
Chengde Hebei > Yuncheng Shanxi > Linyi Shandong > Dingxi Gansu.

The content of K, Fe, and Mg were high in S. baicalensis.

S. baicalensis from different origins was positively correlated with the inorganic elements in
the soil.
Baicalin only positively correlated with K, Fe, and Mn; It negatively correlated with
Cu, Zn, and Mg

中草藥,2017,48(06):1225-1228. 生態學報,2014,34(16):4734-4745.
 How to evaluate the quality of ACMM?
What’s quality and efficacy criteria of ACMM?
---Case study
Study on Quality-efficiency Evaluation of Scutellaria baicalensis from
Different Origins Based on Content Constituent Characteristics of
Flavonoids and in vitro Antiviral Activity

Collecting totally 8 batches of S. baicalensis from different origins .

Determining the contents of baicalin，wogonoside，baicalein and wogonin，
and calculating their content constituent ratio.
According to the content constituent ratio, the mixture of the above four
components was prepared as the corresponding simulated sample of
flavonoids.
Investigating half toxic concentration（TD50）to human laryngeal carcinoma
cell Hep-2 and their half inhibition concentration（IC50）to respiratory
syncytial virus（RSV）.

The anti-RSV effects of S4 from genuine origins （Hebei Chengde） and its
corresponding simulated sample E4 were the strongest.

Correlation analysis showed that there was no significant correlation between

the contents of 4 flavonoids and antiviral activity.

When the content constituent ratio of 4 main flavonoids in S. baicalensis was

1 ∶ 0.224 ∶0.111 ∶ 0.013，it has a strong inhibition effect on RSV.

S. baicalensis from genuine origins has better constituent characteristics of

flavonoids.
 Artemisiae Argyi Folium 艾葉: Artemisia argyi
Genuine origin（道地產區）: Qichun, Hubei
Functions：warms channel, stops bleeding, disperses cold, stops
pain, externally used to eczema and relieve itching.
温经止血,散寒止痛,外用祛湿止痒
Effects comparison of moxibustion in different habitats in the treatment
of moderate and severe primary knee osteoarthritis---case study

Selecting 85 patients with knee osteoarthritis .

Dividing the patients randomly into treatment group 1, treatment group 2 and control group.
Treatment group 1: Qichun moxa
Treatment group 2: Nanyang moxa
The control group: oriental wormwood moxibustion
The treatment of all three groups can alleviate knee pain, improve the function of movement.
Treatment group1 may alleviates pain best, followed by treamtnet group 2, control group.
 Changes of the Forming Elements of ARMM

1. Natural Factor：
Germplasm,
Genuine origin,
Medicinal parts
2.Human Factor：
collection and processing, experience identification
and quality evaluation

彭華勝,郝近大,黃璐琦.道地藥材形成要素的沿革與變遷[J].中藥材,2015,38(08):1750-1755.
Evolution and Changes of the Forming Elements of Authentic Medicinal Materials
 Aurantii Fructus Immaturus
枳實

Poncirus trifoliata Citrus aurantium

枳 酸橙

original materials
 Arnebiae Radix
紫草

Lithospermum Arnebia euchroma

erythrorhizon 新疆紫草
Arnebia guttata
紫草
内蒙紫草

original materials
Change of the genuineness of medicinal
materials (藥材道地性變遷)
-- Rehmanniae Radix 地黃
《名醫別錄》 《本草經集注》 《本草圖經》 《本草綱目》
Change of Medicinal parts
---Lonicera Japonicae 金銀花
Change of Raw materials
--Asini Corii Colla 阿膠
《齊民要術》 《本草圖經》
《名醫別錄》
 Reasons for the changes in the formation elements

1. Territory changes and geopolitical structure

2. Transportation
3. Climate
4. Endangered resources
5. Introduction
6. Differentiation
 Recording of the time of genuine medicinal materials

In a strict sense, humanistic attribute of Dao-di herbs belonged to medical culture of Han
Nationality.
Distribution range of Dao-di herbs was determined by sphere of influence of central
plains dynasty.
The temperature has been decreasing, in the past 2000 years.
During this period, the temperature rose and fell several times with a cycle of centuries,
but the warm period became shorter and weaker.

彭華勝,郝近大,黃璐琦.近2000年來氣候變化對道地藥材產區變遷的影響——以澤瀉與枳殼為例[J].中國中藥雜志,2013,38(13):2218-2222.
Effect of climate change on genuine medicinal materials producing areas during last 2OOO years—Alisma orientale and Citrus aurtantium as examples

彭華勝,郝近大,黃璐琦.中國邊疆省份道地藥材分布與地緣政治格局關系[J].中國中藥雜志,2013,38(17):2901-2905.
Relationship between geopolitical political structure and distribution of Dao-di herbs in frontier provinces of China
 Alismatis Rhizoma
澤瀉
Alisma orientale,
A . plantago-aquatica

Southern Migration of genuine

origin
 Aurantii Fructus
枳殼
Citrus aurantium

Southern Migration of genuine

origin
 Change of Genuine production region
of Material Medica
Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma 三七 Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma 白朮
Panax notoginseng Atractylodes macrocephala

Panax notoginseng was originally wild, The long-term respect and use of wild
and the genuine production region was in
Atractylodes macrocephala has
Baise, Guangxi.
gradually reduced the wild resources.
In the 1930s, P. notoginseng was The cultivation began in Zhejiang as
planted on a large scale in Wenshan,
early as the Ming Dynasty.
Yunnan.

Today, it is mainly produced in

Wenshan, Yunnan. Honghe, Yuxi,Qujing,
Dali, Chuxiong.
梁飛,李健,張衛,張瑞賢.道地藥材產地變遷原因的探討[J].中國中藥雜志,2013,38(10):1649-1651. 彭華勝,王德群.白術道地藥材的形成與變遷.中國中藥雜志,2004(12):15-17.
Causes for change in producing areas of geo-authentic herbs The Formation and Changes of Authentic Atractylodes macrocephala
Carthami Flos 紅花
Carthamus tinctorius
Carthamus tinctorius was first introduced to
Henan, Shandong, Sichuan, and Yunnan.
Henan was the genuine origin.
Due to the changes of the times and the
shortage of land, other production areas
except Yunnan have gradually decreased.
With geographical and climate advantages,
Xinjiang has formed a new genuine origin.
牛加水.道地藥材的產區變化.中國民間療法,2020,28(04):91-92.
Changes in the production area of genuine medicinal materials
Cistanches Herba 肉 蓯 蓉
Cistanche deserticola, C. tubulosa
Cistanche deserricola is mainly
produced in Inner Mongolia.
With the success of research on
inoculation in Xinjiang, large-scale
inoculation of Cistanche deserricola and
Cistanche tuvulosa greatly increased the
yield.
Cistanche tuvulosa was listed in the
Pharmacopoeia.
 Fritillariae Thunbergii Bulbus
浙貝母
Fritillaria thunbergii

Adjustment of economic structure in producing areas

李華珍.浙貝母藥材道地性遷移的原因調查.中國中醫藥信息雜志,2006(08):37.
Investigation on the Reasons for the Local Migration of Fritillaria thunbergii
 Dioscoreae Rhizoma
山藥
Dioscorea opposita

Currently, cultivated in great large scale, due to:

1. The gradual maturity and improvement of cultivation techniques

2. Wild resources may be reduced, which cannot meet the needs.

馮學鋒,黃璐琦,格小光,楊連菊,楊京玉.山藥道地藥材形成源流考[J].中國中藥雜志,2008(07):859-862.
Textual research on origin and development of genuine medicinal herbs of Shanyao
 Aucklandiae Radix 木香
Aucklandia lappa
Aucklandia lappa is native to India.
In 1935, Aucklandia lappa was
introduced into Yunnan. Since then,
the genuine origin is Yunnan.
Amomi Fructus 砂仁
Amomum villosum, A. longiligulare
Amomi Fructus is native to
Yangjiang, Guangdong.
Amomi Fructus was introduced
into Yunnan and Hainan.

Corydalis yanhusuo 延胡索

Corydalis tanhusuo

Corydalis yanhusuo is native to Zhejiang.

Amomi Fructus was introduced into Jiangxi
 Quality evaluation of ARMM
• The current basic mode of quality control of traditional
Chinese medicine
• Chemical qualitative identification
• Index component detection

1.肖小河,金城,趙中振,肖培根,王永炎.論中藥質量控制與評價模式的創新與發展.中國中藥雜志,2007(14):1377-1381.
Probe into innovation and development of pattern of quality control and evaluation for Chinese medicine
2.謝彩香,宋經元,韓建萍,黃林芳,李西文.中藥材道地性評價與區劃研究[J].世界科學技術-中醫藥現代化,2016,18(06):950-958.
Research on Genuineness Evaluation and Regionalization of Chinese Medicinal Materials
 Component Structure

Research cannot be done simply

Level 3 from individual ingredients or
Between components components.

The material basis of authentic

Level 2
medicinal materials should be a
Within the component group of active substances.
The proportional relationship
Level 1 between them is the foundation
Monomer of its "high quality and good
efficiency"

張明華,封亮,胡紹英,賈曉斌.藥材道地性的物質基礎本質:組分結構的獨特性[J].中國中藥雜志,2013,38(01):136-140.
Essence of material base in geoherbs: specificality of constituent structure
 Misunderstandings about ARMM（道地藥材）
1. Environmental factors are the unique factors for the formation of ARMM.

Planting
and breeding Processing
technology technology

2. ARMM are the best medicinal materials, ARMM must be better than the non-genuine.
① Genuine high-quality medicinal materials are one of the best medicinal materials.
② Although some high-quality medicinal materials are not genuine, they may be better than
genuine.
3. The more genuine the medicinal material is, the higher the content of ingredient is.
①index component≠gold standard
②The leftover material of the medicinal materials may be higher than the ingredient content of
good specification grade.
4. Genuine medicinal materials are unchanged.
Genuine and non-genuine medicinal materials are completely separable.
Genuine and non-genuine are relative and continuous, not necessarily obviously separable.

肖小河, 等.中國中藥雜志,2009,34(05):519-523.
Acknowledgement:
Pictures of TCM present in this PPT are from Chinese Medicinal Materials
Images Database published by Hong Kong Baptist University
(https://library.hkbu.edu.hk/electronic/libdbs/mmd/index.html), and Internet.

THANKS