T O ALL:

Exam
Candidates

SPM 1119
The Last Sprint

A GIFT

just for you

SINCERELY

CONFIDENTIAL
GENERAL SPM 1119 FORMAT
PAPER 1 ITEM | TEST ITEMS MARKS SUGGESTED TIME

SECTION A DIRECTED WRITING

35 MARKS 45 MINUTES
TYPES
(1 QUESTION)
- ARTICLE
- REPORT
- SPEECH 3- FORMAT
- FORMAL LETTER 12- CONTENT
20 - LANGUAGE
- INFORMAL LETTER

CONTINUOUS 50 MARKS
SECTION B 60 MINUTES
WRITING 5
- FACTUAL CHOICES (
- ARGUMENTATIVE CHOOSE
- NARRATIVE 1 QUESTION)
- DESCRIPTIVE
HOLISTI
C
MARKING

PAPER 2 |
ITEM | TEST MARKS SUGGESTED TIME
SECTION
ITEMS

SECTION A GRAPHIC STIMULI

15 MARKS
TYPES 25 MINUTES
NOTICE,GRAPHS,POSTERS,
ADVERTS,MESSAGES GRAPHIC
STIMULI -
8Qs
RATIONAL CLOZE
TYPES
RATIONAL
ARTICLES, VOCABS,
CLOZE -7Qs
ADJECTIVES, PRONOUNS,
ETC

SECTION
INFORMATION TRANSFER 10 MARKS 25 MINUTES
B
NOTICE,GRAPHS,POSTERS,
ADVERTS,MESSAGES, SHORT
ARTICLES ACCURATE
ANSWERS

SECTION READING COMPREHENSION 10 MARKS 15 MINUTES

C - FACTUAL TEXTS
- NARRATIVE TEXTS
DIRECT QUESTIONS
INFERRED (INDIRECT)
QUESTIONS
WORD/PHRASE
MEANING
HOTS QUESTIONS

SUMMARY WRITING 15 MARKS 35 MINUTES

10 -
CONTENT
5-
LANGUAGE

POEM NOVEL 5 MARKS

- THE LIVING PHOTOGRAPH - CAPTAIN
NOBODY * THEMES, DIRECT QUESTIONS INFERRED
SECTION -THE CHARGE OF THE LIGHT
BRIGADE MORAL VALUES, (INDIRECT) WORD/PHRASE MEANING
D
- WHAT HAS EVENTS, HOTS QUESTIONS
HAPPENED TO LULU CHARACTER &
- A POISON TREE CHARACTERISTICS
15 MARKS
10 - CONTENT 5 MINUTES
5 - LANGUAGE

30 MINUTES
 Reading
Comprehension
ANSWERING
TECHNIQUE
S

S
SKIM AND SCAN
Gather rough and main idea of text
Read through questions, summary questions
SCAN and paragraph and gather key ideas

S
NARROW AREA OF FOCUS IN QUESTION
Each question has a paragraph indicated
Narrow area of focus to search for answers
SCOPE

IDENTIFY KEYWORDS

K Underline important keywords asked in the

question
Search for this keyword in the given scope
KEYWORD

SEARCH FOR THE ACCURATE ANSWER

A
Answer <----Keyword-----> Answer
Answers are usually found before or after the
keyword
ANSWER

CHECK
Double check if proper grammatical structures

C are uses
Check if correct pronouns as use I---> He/She
CHECK
 SAMPLE Q U ES T I O N S
PARAGRAPH

LI
N
E

EXAM TIPS
READING COMPREHENSION
SKIM AND SCAN THE GENERAL IDEA OF THE TEXT BY LOOKING AT THE
READING COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS AND SUMMARY QUESTIONS

MAKE SURE YOU HIGHLIGHT or UNDERLINE THE KEYWORDS IN THE QUESTIONS

MAKE SURE SENTENCES ARE IN S. V. O Form.

Simple Complete Sentences ( Subject+ Verb + Object)

REMEMBER TO ANSWER USING the CORRECT PRONOUN

1 st person to 3 rd person : He, She, It, They

1st person answers are usually used for HOTS

Question I think, I feel
 S EARCH FOR THE K E Y W OR D S P E N D HIS S U M M E R
IN PARAGRAPH 2
SEARCH WITHIN THE SCOPE THE ANS WER TO HOW US UALLY
ONLY IN PARAGRAPH 2 REFLECTS AN ACTION = VERB

26 a) From paragraph 2, how did Robin Evertson spend his summer holidays?
CHE CK THAT ANS WERS
H e sle pt and watched television
HAVE SUB J ECT - V ERB -
OBJ ECT

b) From paragraph 3, what does the word "something' refer to?

S EARCH FOR THE KEYWORD | SOMETHING
T he word something refers INto
P A R sailing
A G R A P H 3 AND LOOK FOR THE S E N T E N C E
BEFORE/ AFTER IT

THE ANS WER TO WHERE US UALLY

REFLECTS A PLACE

27 a) From paragraph 4, where was their destination ?

Their destination was a Danish island beween Denmark and Sweden

ANS WER WHY WITH IT IS BECAUSE

b) From paragraph 5, why was Robin's father at the edge of the deck?

I t is because Robin' s father wanted to fix the mast

himself

28 a) From paragraph 6, what was Robin's father doing when Robin saw him?

R obin' s father was kee ping himself afloat in TOthe

THE ANSWER water
DO/ DOING USUALLY
= VERB
REFLECTS AN ACTION

b) From paragraph 7, what was Robin trying to do?

R obin wq s trying to call/ dial for help using the phones

29 a) From paragraph 8, which word tells you that Robin' s eff ort was unsuccessful?

F
ONLY 1 WORD
utile

b) Why was Robin startled when he heard the voice of a women?

THIS IS A HOTS QUESTIONS USE THE 1 ST PERSON TO
i t i s b e c a u s e R o b i n d i d n o t e x pe c t h i s c a l l t o g e t t h r o u g h . ANSWER = I THINK, I FEEL

30 In your own words, how do you think Robin felt after saving his father? Give a reason
for your answer.
I t h i n k h e w a s r e l i e v e d b e c a u s e h i s f a t h e r w a s f i n a ll y s av ed a nd s ti ll a liv e.
or
I think he was terrified from the ex perience because he nearly lost his father
 Summary
Writing
ANSWERING
TECHNIQUES

B DRAW A BOX
Refering to the lines provided in the question
To narrow your area of focus on content points
BOX

READ THE QUESTION CAREFULLUY

R Identify what the question is asking for

May be asking for more than one
READ element/component

IDENTIFY

I Identify the required content points

Find at least 10-13 content points
Make sure all components are
IDENTIFY included

E
ELIMINATE
Identify and take out elaborations,examples,
details
ELIMINATE Eg: such as, like, for example, because should be
removed

F
FINALISE
Count the number of content points and words
(130 words in total)
FINALISE Check for spelling, correct use for connectors,
written in only 1 paragraph,
PARAGRAPH SAMPLE Q U E ST IO N S

LI
N
E

Robin went sailing with his father but encountered some problems
Based on the passage, write a summary on:
the problems Robin and his father faced when they started sailing
the problems he encountered to save his father
what Robin did to save his father

Credit will be given for use of own words but care must be taken not to change the original meaning
Your summary must
be in continuous writing form ( not in note form) use
materials from line 16 to line 40
not be longer than 130 words, including the 10 words given below

Begin your summary as follow:

Robi n and h is fat he r we re sa ili ng whe n a t 1 1 : 30 pm , . . . . . . .

Content Points
The problems Robin and his father faced when they started sailing

1. the wind was blasting at 30 knots

2.spray from three-metre high waves slammed along the deck and hit their faces
3.whole mast of the sail rocking
4. he(Robin's father) decided to fix it by himself
5.Unfortunately he slipped and fell into the warter

The problems he encountered to save his father

1. Struggling to turn the boat

2.He grabbed his father's new mobile and dialled the emergency number
3.He tried using his own phone but he failed to get a signal
4. The yatch had no VHF radio to call for help and no distress rockets.

What Robin did to save his father

1.He swug the boat around heading east towards Sweden

2.At 1:48am, Robin dialled the emergency number
3.Startled, he heard a woman answer
4. The calll was relayed to the Marine Rescue Coordination Centre who gathered
information of Robin's father's whereabouts
5.They sent out a helicopter and rescue boats

SAMPLE ANSWER : BASIC

Ro bin and h is fath er were sail ing when at 1 1 : 30 pm , stro ng winds were bl asting at 30
kno ts. Spray from th ree- metre high waves sl ammed alo ng th e deck and hit th eir faces.
The wh ol e m ast o f th e sail was rocking so Ro bin' s fat her decided t o fix it him sel f.
Unfort unat el y, h e sl ipped and fell into th e wat er. Ro bin was st ruggl ing to tu rn th e b oat .
He grab bed h is fath er' s new mo bil e and diall ed th e emergency nu mb er. He tried using h is
own ph one bu t h e fail ed t o get a signal . Th e y atch h ad no VH F radio t o call for h el p and
on
distress rockets. Ro bin t hen swung t he bo at aro und h eading east t owards S weden.
At 1 : 4 8 am , Ro bin dialled th e emergency nu mb er. A wo man answered and gat hered
inform ation ab ou t R ob in' s fath er' s wh ereabo ut s. Th ey sent a helicopt er and rescu e b oat s.

( 130 words)

ANSWER FEEDBACK

Content Points - Full Marks 10

Language - Basic and Mostly Copied - 1 Mark No
Variation in Language -
Total Marks 11
marks

LETS NOW TRY AN

UPGRADE !! S EE

Next
Page
 Summary
Writing
LANGUA GE ENHANCEMENT
TECHNIQUES

S SENTENCE CONNECTORS
[FACTUAL] Moreover, Furthermore, Besides
SENTENCE [NARRATIVE] Firstly, Soon, After that, Then
See more examples on next page
CONNECTORS

SYNONYMS

S Identify which words can be replace with

other words that bring the same meaning
Begin=Start, Search= Find, Done =
SYNONYMS Complete See more examples on next page

SENTENCING & SENTENCE STRUCTURES

S Change active sentences into passive sentences

Eg :The cat was chasing the mouse. | The mouse
was being chased by the cat.
SENTENCING

GROUPING

G
Identify and try to group sentences which share
similar ideas
and, as well as, plus, and also, then
GROUPING
SAMPLE ANSWER : BASIC
Ro bin and h is fath er were sail ing when at 1 1 : 30 pm , stro ng winds were bl asting at 30
kno ts. Spray from th ree - metre high waves sl ammed alo ng th e deck and hit th eir faces.
The wh ol e m ast o f th e sail was rocking so Ro bin' s fat her decided t o fix it him sel f.
Unfort unat el y, h e sl ipped and fell into th e wat er. Ro bin was st ruggl ing to tu rn th e b oat .
He grab bed h is fath er' s new mo bil e and dialled th e emergency nu mb er. He tried using h is
own ph one bu t h e fail ed t o get a signal . Th e y atch h ad no VH F radio t o call for h el p and
on
distress rockets. Ro bin t hen swung t he bo at aro und h eading east t owards S weden.
At 1 : 4 8 am , Ro bin diall ed th e emergency nu mb er. A wo man answered and gat hered
inform ation ab ou t R ob in' s fath er' s wh ereabo ut s. Th ey sent a helicopt er and rescu e b oat s.
LANGUA GE ENHANCEMENT
TECHNIQUES ( 130 words)

S SENTENCE CONNECTORS
[FACTUAL] Moreover, Furthermore, Besides
TIPS
SENTENCE [NARRATIVE] Firstly, Soon, After that,
Then See more examples on next page DETERMINE TEXT TYPE - NARRATIVE/FACTUAL
CONNECTORS

USE SUITABLE CONNECTORS - NARRATIVE

SYNONYMS

S
( SEQUENCE) | FACTUAL( LOGICAL)
Identify which words can be replace with
other words that bring the same meaning
Begin=Start, Search= Find, Done = Complete
SYNONYMS CAREFULLY TRY USING SYNONYMS TO
See more examples on next page
REPLACE WORDS

SENTENCING & SENTENCE STRUCTURES

S Change active sentences into passive sentences

Eg :The cat was chasing the mouse. | The mouse
CAREFULLY ATTEMPT VARIED SENTENCE
STRUCTURES
was being chased by the cat.
SENTENCING
USE AND, AS WELL, THEN TO MERGE & FLOW
GROUPING
IDEAS
G Identify and try to group sentences which
share similar ideas
and, as well as, plus, and also, then
GROUPING

SAMPLE ANSWER : EN HA N C ED
Robin and his father were sailing when at 11 : 30 pm, heavy winds were blaring at 30
knots accompanied by high sprays of waves slamming along the deck hitting their
faces. Soon after, the whole mast of the sail was wobbling leaving Robin' s father to
secure i t himself. Unfortunately, he slipped and fell into the water. Robin was
struggling to manoeuvre the boat. Then , grabbed his father' s new mobile and called the emergency
number. He tried using his own phone yet did not get any signal. The yatch had no VHF radio nor any
distress rockets.. Robin then swung the boat around heading east towards Sweden. He then dialled the
emergency number where a woman answered gathering information about the scene and sent a
helicopter and rescue boats to save
his father.

( 130 words)
ANSWER FEEDBACK

Content Points - Full Marks 10

Language - Use of New Vocabularies
Good Variation in Language -
Total Marks 14 marks
Connectors &
Conjunctions
 A synonym is a word that means exactly or nearly A synonym is a word that means exactly or nearly the
the same as another word. same as another word.
.. ..Attractive.•..•.Appealing Accomplish..•AchieveEnd•.....•.••...•.Finish
Admit ••••••••••• Enormous...•.•Hug
Contess Alike....•.S
Ask.•.••.Enquire
Assist.•...•. ••Help Fool..•.......••..ldiot Enjoyment..•. Fun
rHappen Blend•..•.•..•..Mix
ncient Awful......•..•..Terrible Garbage•.•••.•..Trash Gather.•.•.Collect
Sick.•..•.•..•. 111
Begin..•.•Start Present..•..•.Gift
ortunityChance Sincere•.•••.•..Honest Slim.•..•.•.Thin Excellent.•..•. Good
..•.Sheet Big Large
Small..•.•..•.Tiny
Buy....••.•.Purchase Help..••.......•. Assist
tiful.....•..•.Pretty Smart•.••....•..•Clever Taxi...•..•.•..•..•Cab
efulQuiet Center•.....•..•.Middle Thought••••••••••Idea InterestingExciti
Trust•.Believe Kind•.....•.•Helpful
t•.Silent Child....• ..•Kid
Unfortunate.•..Unlucky Value•....•....•..Worth
Laugh.....•.Giggle
ct.•..•.•Deny Choose.•.Select
Want•..•....•.•Desire
..•.Relax Complete•.•..•.Finish Delicious.••.•. Yummy ListenHear
Wonderful•..•..Amazing Write..•.Record Mistake•...•.•Error
...•.Wealthy DepartLeave
WriterAuthor Neat.•..•.....•..•.Tidy
se•.•..•.Rough Difficult...••.Hard
Wrong..•.••.•lncorrect
nd..•.•..•.•Circular Easy.......•.Simple
....

•.•.Unhappy
Carpet
ed.•..•.•..•..Afraid Embarrassed•Shy

SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS

SYNONYMSANTONYMS SYNONYMS ANTONYMS
big, vast small, tiny Long prolonged
Huge
Humiliate Idle Immature Impartial Magnify Maximum Meanenlarge
Migranthighest
Minor intend, aimNice
Negligent immigr
Num
embarrass, mortify honor, dignify Outstanding upset positive usual, normal
Imperative
lazy childish neutral excellent
busy
vital, crucial
mature, adult prejudiced unnecessary dependent,unsure sane
ignorant,, dense

Independent individualistic

e mad
clever interior
igent Internal immaterial
Irrelevant Large remain, stay big
connect
Join Keep
smallest
external, outer
relevant separate dis,card smaH
most
 Poems
FORM 4

THE LIVING PHOTOGRAPH

THE CHARGE OF THE LIGHT BRIGADE

FORM 5

WHAT HAS HAPPENED TO LULU

A POISON TREE

MARKS ALLOCATION
5 MARKS

TIME SUGGESTED
5 - 7 MINUTES

SECT I O N D : PO EM

TYPES OF QUESTIONS
TESTED
5 M ARK S

DIRECT QUESTIONS

INFERRED ( INDIRECT) QUESTIONS

MEANING OF WORDS / PHRASES QUESTIONS

HOTS/ APP LICA TION/ REFLECTION QUESTIONS

( Usually 2 Marks | R ESPONSE + R EASON)
 The Living Photograph
JACKIE KAY

My small grandmother is tall there, Line 1 | The persona's grandmother looks

straight-back, white broderie anglaise shirt, young and healthy

pleated skirt, flat shoes, grey bun, Line 2 & 3 | She was a simple and meek woman

a kind, old smile round her

Line 4 | She was a kind and loving person
eyes. Her big hand holds
Line 5 & 6 | She was caring and from a mix
mine,
ethnic background with the writer.
White hand in black hand.
Her sharp blue eyes look her own death in the Line 7 | She was bravely facing her own death
eye.

It was true after all; that look.

Line 1 & 2 | The persona's grandmother was getting older
My tall grandmother became
small. Her back round and Line 3 | Her body posture started to bend downwards
hunched. Line 4 | She started to become forgetful

Her soup forgot to boil.

Line 5 | Awful place = grave,
She went to the awful place grandmothers go. The grandmother passed away
Somewhere unknown, unthinkable.

But there she is still, Line 1 | The persona still holds the grandmother closely in the heart
in the photo with me at three, Line 3 | The persona was 3 years old in the photo
the crinkled smile is still living, Line 3 | The grandmothers kind, cheerful soul
breathing. still lives forever in the persona's heart

JACKIEKAY

M O R A LV A L U E S
T H E M E S
Love and Admiration for grandparents
Remembering and Cherishing Memories
Care and Acceptance in Family Relationships
Acceptance of Death as Part of Life
The everlasting quality of a photograph
We should a lways love our grandparents
We should treasure relationships with our
loved ones
We should take care of the elderly
because there we a lways there for us.
We should cherish the l iving years and
accept death as part of l i fe.
 We should keep memories in a
photograph
cha THE
rge of the light brigade
Half a league, half a league, Cannon to right of them,
Half a league onward, Cannon to left of them,
All in the valley of Death Cannon in front of them
Rode the six hundred. Volleyed and thundered;
“Forward, the Light Brigade! Stormed at with shot and
Charge for the guns!” he shell, Boldly they rode and
said. Into the valley of Death well,
Rode the six hundred. Into the jaws of
Death, Into the mouth
of Hell Rode the six
hundred.
ALFRED LORDTENNYSON

League = measurement for distance

Valley of Death = the battlefield in the valley Canon to the right, left, front - Soldiers were
surrounded by cannons
Onward = to go
Volleyed and thundered = back and forth
six hundred = 600 soldiers on horseback
Shot and shell = Full of guns and armour
Charge = Attack (instructed by Boldly, well = Bravely and confidently
commander) Mouth of Death/Jaws of Hell = A
dangerous,brutal and deadly place to be in
“Forward, the Light
Brigade!” Was there a man
dismayed? HISTORICAL

Not though the soldier knew

Someone had blundered. BACKGROUND
Theirs not to make reply, This poem was written to remember the Battle of Balaclava (25
Theirs not to reason why, October 1854) which happened during the Crimean War. This
Theirs but to do and die. poem is written to remember the unsung heroes who despite
Into the valley of Death received the wrong orders from their commander , still fought
for their country and died in the process. The battles was
Rode the six hundred.
between alliance of the British |French |Turkish against the
strong Russian Army
Forward =Attack (instructed by commander)
Dismayed = feeling distressed / confused
Blundered = made a mistake/gave a wrong instruction
not to reply, reason = not to question but just follow
orders

M O R A L V A L U E S
T H E M E S
We must love and honour our country
Complexities of War
We must be dutiful and carry out our
Heroism and Courage in Facing Danger Loyalty responsibilities

and Duty in Responsibility We must be brave in facing danger and

overcoming our fears
Patriotism and Love for the Country
We must be obedient and respect our
leaders

We must communicate and ask questions when

needed
 WHA T HA S HA PPENEDTO
Lulu
What has happened to Lulu,
mother? What has happened to
Lu?
There's nothing in her bed but an old rag-
doll And by its side a shoe.
Why is her window wide,
mother, The curtain flapping
free,
And only a circle on the dusty
shelf Where her money-box used
to be?
Why do you turn your head,
mother, And why do tear drops
fall?
And why do you crumple that note on the
fire And say it is nothing at all?
I woke to voices late last
night, I heard an engine roar.
Why do you tell me the things I
heard Were a dream and nothing
more?
I heard somebody cry,
mother, In anger or in pain,
But now I ask you why,
mother, You say it was a
gust of rain.
Why do you wander about as though
You don't know what to do?
What has happened to Lulu, mother? What has happened to Lu?
M O R A L V A L U E S
T Teenage
H E M E Rebellion
S and Freedom
Relationship Problems in Families
Importance of Communication in the
Family
A Child's Innocence and Curiousity
C H A R L ES C A U S L EY
Stanza 1 | The persona' (a sibling of Lulu)
questions about the whereabouts of Lulu
She/he found a old rag doll on the bed.
Beside the bed is a shoe
Stanza 2 | The window in the room is open with
the curtain flying free.
The persona sees a missing money box on
Lulu's shelf wondering what could have
happened.
Stanza 3 | The persona wonders why the
mother is avoiding communication yet
crying.
The mother crumples and throws a note
believed to be from Lulu into the fire yet still
keeps silent about what has happened
Stanza 4 | The persona woke up to sounds of
voices and the sound of an vehicle's engine.
The persona questions why the mother shuts the
her/him off and tells her/him it was just a dream
Stanza 5 | The persona heard someone
crying in anger and pain. But when she
mentioned this to her/his mother. The mother
just says it was the sound of rain.
Stanza 6 | The persona is confused why the
mother walks about aimlessly (wandering) as
though she does not know what to do.
The persona continues to questions Where is
Lulu.
We must love and respect our family
members and not go against their wishes
We should learn to openly and honestly
communicate our feelings in the family
We should make effort to know about our family
members
Parents should make effort to
understand their children.
Teenagers should know their boundaries and
put their families first.
 A Poison Tree
WIL L IAM BL AKE
I was angry with my friend: (line 1)
I told my wrath, my wrath did end. (line
2) I was angry with my foe: (line 3)
I told it not, my wrath did grow. (line 4)
And I watered it in fears, (line 1)
Night and morning with my tears; (line
2) And I sunned it with smiles, (line 3)
And with soft deceitful wiles. (line 4)
And it grew both day and night, (line
1) Till it bore an apple bright;(line 2)
And my foe beheld it shine, (line 3)
And he knew that it was mine, (line
4)
And into my garden stole (line 1)
ark night when no one was watching(veiled the pole), the enemy acted upon(stole) the persona's cunning plans and died (outstretched beneath the tree)
When the night had veiled the pole: (line
2) In the morning glad I see (line 3)
My foe outstretched beneath the tree.(line
4)
T H E M E S
Importance of Communication in
Relationship
The Dangers of Suppressed Anger
Importance of Forgiveness
Intentions behind Actions
Stanza 1 | The persona felt extreme anger(wrath) with his friend,
After telling/communicating his friend his anger ended
The personal was angry with his enemy(foe),
he decided to keep silent, his anger(Resentment )grew stronger
Stanza 2 | The anger grew like a tree, and the persona continue
to feed his insecurities(fear) and water it with sadness (tears),
hurt.
He faked smiles that were not sincere and dishonestly(deceitful)
tried to gain the enemies trust through cunning plans (wiles)
Stanza 3 | The anger grew both night and day, until it grew(bore)
a poison apple(revenge and resentment) . The enemy knew
about this and was aware about this toxic relationship between him
and the
persona (mine)
success
M O R A LV A L U E S
We should learn to openly and honestly
communicate our feelings in a relationship
We should not suppressed and keep
negative feelings because i t can have
bad effects
We should a lways forgive those who hurt us to
regain inner peace and freedoom.
Teenagers should know their boundaries and
put their families first.
 Novel
CAPTAIN NOBODY IMPORTANT EVENTS

NEWTON PREPARES BREAKFAST

Newton wants to share his excitedment about the Big Game but
everyone is busy to attend to him
Concerned Newton prepares breakfast for his family
Frustrated Newton wakes his brother Chris out of bed
CARING | LOVING | RESPONSIBLE | KIND | FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS

NEWTON WITNESSES THE BIG GAME

Newton and his family prepares to watch Chris in the Big Game
Newton loses his ticket and is forced to watch the game outside the stadium
Chris falls into a serious comma during the touchdown of the Big Game
The family rushes to the hospital without Newton
BRAVERY | CURIOUSITY | INNOCENCE | CARE FOR FAMILY

NEWTON PREPARES FOR HALLOWEEN

Newton almost cancels his plan for Halloween due to failure of finding a
costume and being stressed about his brother's situation.
Cecil and JJ arrive at Newtons home to help him make a costume
Newton feels powerful with his new identity as Captain Nobody
FRIENDSHIP | SUPPORT | TEAMWORK | HELPING EACH OTHER

NEWTON HELPS CECIL AT THE DUMPSTER

Cecil calls for Newton on the walkie-talkie to help take down the big bass
drum from the dumpster
C.N managed to take down the bass drum despite his fear of heights
C.N finds Mr Clay the local locksmith by the dumpster and brings him back
home.
FILIAL FRIENDSHIP | OVERCOMING FEAR | COURAGE | HELPING OTHERS
NEWTON HELPS JJ AT THE SULLIVAN'S JEWELLERY STORE

JJ asks for Newton's help to help inform the Sullivan's about the store's
spelling error on the main signage board
During C.N's courageous attempt, he witnesses a robbery.
The robber warns C.N to keep it a secret and both CN & JJ run off home.
SUPPORTIVE | FRIENDSHIP | BRAVERY | DOING WHAT IS RIGHT

NEWTON SAVES FEROCIOUS THE FERRET ON THE HIGHWAY

Chris's teammate Daryl Peeps and cheerleader Colby Bryn promotes the
"Friends of Ferrocious" initiative to support Chris's recovery.
Newton is volunteered by Cecil to take care of the ferret despite his
unwillingness.
Reggie Ratner and his friends messes with the cage leading the ferret to run
freely on the dangerous highway.
C.N with the support of his friends bravely dashes through the highway to
save the ferret.
The scene caused a traffic jam which led to a crashing airplane to safely land
on the empty highway.
CALMNESS | TOLERANCE | ACCEPTANCE | RESPONSIBILITY | COURAGE

NEWTON SAVES REGGIE RATNER AT THE WATER TOWER

Newton and his friends escapes from school after discovering Reggie Ratner
plans to attempt suicide on the Appleton Water Tower.
C.N climbs up the water tower despite many challenges and his fear of
heights.
Both C.N and Reggie free fall causing C.N to suffer heavy injuries like a broke
ankle and ribs.
Reggie apologies for his actions and reveals the reason he was at the water
tower.
Newton gracefully forgives Reggie,promising to keep his secret and finally
meets his brother Chris who finally recovers from the coma.
RESPONSIBILITY | FRIENDSHIP &TEAMWORK | OVERCOMING FEAR | COURAGE |
FORGIVENESS
 Novel
ANSWERING
TECHNIQUES

INTRODUCTION

CHOOSE NOVEL
SHORT SYNOPSIS
ANSWER THE QUESTION

CONTENT

POINT + ELABORATION
TEXTUAL EVIDENCE

PERSONAL RESPONSE

PERSONAL RESPONSE (CHARACTER

FOCUSED) REFLECTIVE RESPONSE (LIFE
APPLICATION)
SPM TYPE QUESTIONS
Based on the novel you have chosen, write about an important lesson you have learnt from one of the characters
in the novel, which you could apply to your own life. Explain your answer with close reference to the text.

SAMPLE ANSWER

[ CHOOSE NOVEL] I choose Captain Nobody by Dean Pitchford.[ SHORT SYNOPSIS] This novel is
about a ten-year old boy named Newton Newman who embraces his inner other as Captain Nobody to
face many adventures in the town of Appleton. [ ANSWER THE QUESTION] There is an important
lesson that I have learnt from one of the characters in the novel. One important lesson that I have
learnt is that we should be brave in facing and overcoming our fears. I have learnt this valuable
lesson from the main character of this novel who is Newton Newman.

In this novel, there are various t imes that Newton has displayed great courage in facing and
overcoming his fear. [ POINT + ELABORATION] For instance, when Newton was called by Cecil to
help take the big bass drum from the dumpster, he had to overcome his fear of heights.[ TEXTUAL
EVIDENCE] Despite being acrophobic, he dared himself to c l imb up the dumpster and help his
friend. Likewise, in another event, [ POINT + ELABORATION] Newton had to save Ferocious the
ferret on the dangerous highway.[ TEXTUAL EVIDENCE] Newton was given the responsibility to
take care of the ferret for a day. However, when Reggie Ratner messed with the cage at school, the
ferret was left running off unti l i t reached a busy highway. Despite being in a dangerous situati on,
Newton had to gather his courage to overcome his fear. With the support of his friends, he bravely
dashed through the traffi c on the highway in a att empt to save the ferret. Lastly, in other event, [
POINT + ELABORATION] Newton was brave enough to overcome his fear of heights to save Reggie
Ratner on the Appleton Water Tower.[ TEXTUAL EVIDENCE] He had to go through many challenges l
ike c l imbing the unstable structure of the ladder as well as his mask being r ipped off during his c l imb
up to the water tower. Despite all this challenges, he was brave enough to conti nue his task to save
Reggie Ratner.

[ CHARACTER FOCUSED PERSONAL RESPONSE ] From all these events,

Newton Newman c learly showed great courage in facing and overcoming his
fears. For the sake and goodwill of others, he was daring to put aside
his fear and overcoming them to face challenges. He was not afraid of the consequence of what
might happen but conti nue to push through in challenging situati ons. [ REFLECTIVE
RESPONSE( LIFE APPLICATION)] Likewise, in my l i fe, I would l ike to apply this value. For example, I
am always afraid to try new things l ike joining school competi ti ons. I should take the challenge to
face my fears of speaking in public by joining public speaking competi ti ons organised by the school.
At t imes, I am also afraid expressing my feelings when I am unhappy about something. For example,
when I see my c lassmates bullying and teasing my c lose friend. I am afraid to speak up for what is r
ight, fearing what others may think of me. I should learn from Newton that i f I face my fears bravely,
I can overcome almost anything. This character has thought me the value of courage and i t inspires
me to apply i t in my daily l i fe.

QUESTION REQUIREMENT ANSWER FEEDBACK

An( ONLY ONE) IMPORTANT Well structured

LESSON One ( ONLY ONE) Still lacks textual evidence
CHARACTER Personal Response still can be improved
Can relate MANY EVENTS
Can apply in your( my)
LIFE
SPM TYPE QUESTIONS

Based on the novel you have chosen, write about an event in the novel which you think is important. Briefly
describe the event and give reasons why it is important with close reference to the text

SAMPLE ANSWER
[ CHOOSE NOVEL] I choose Captain Nobody by Dean Pitchford. [ SHORT SYNOPSIS] This novel is
about a ten-year old boy named Newton Newman who embraces his inner other as Captain Nobody to
face many adventures in the town of Appleton. [ ANSWER THE QUESTION] Based on this novel,
there is an event in the novel which I think is important. That event is when Newton Newman saves
Ferocious the ferret on the highway.

[ POINT + ELABORATION] I think the t ime when Newton Newman bravely put himself in danger
in eff orts to save the ferret is the most important event in the story. [ TEXTUAL EVIDENCE] In this
event, Chris Newman' s teammate Daryl Peeps and cheerleader Colby Bryn promotes the " Friends
of Ferrocious" initi ati ve to support Chris' s recovery. Newton is volunteered by Cecil to take care of
the ferret despite his his reluctance due to his worries for his brother' s recovery. At school, Reggie
Ratner and his friends messes with the cage leading the ferret to run freely on the dangerous
highway. The ferret is set free and runs out of the school, through a vegetable farm which leads i t
straight to the open highway. C. N with the support of his friends bravely dashes through the
highway to save the ferret. The scene caused a traffi c jam which led to a crashing airplane to safely
land on the empty highway.

[ CHARACTER FOCUSED PERSONAL RESPONSE] I think this event in the story is very important
because i t displays many good qualiti es of Newton Newman. First and foremost, he accepted the
without complaining much although there was
responsibility openly to take care of the ferret
already a lot of things that were bothering his mind. Newton also remained calm and composed
when confronted with Reggie Ratner and the other bullies. Newton also shouldered the
responsibility to save the ferret although i t was just an animal. He was even brave enough to r isk
his l i fe and overcome his fears to save the poor animal. This shows very inspiring qualiti es of a
young ten year old boy. [ REFLECTIVE RESPONSE( LIFE APPLICATION)] Likewise, in my l i fe, this
event has thought me the importance of calmness, responsibility and having the courage to face
challenges , I should remain calm and composed in stressful situati ons so that I would not make
costly blunders. For example, when confronted with people that discourage me, I can just smile and
there is no need to pick up a f ight because peace is bett er than being r ight. This event also taught
me that we should always uphold high level of responsibility when a task is given to us. We should
fulfi ll our duti es the best we can just l ike how Newton did. Lastly, I choose this event because i t
teaches us the value of having courage in facing obstacles . Despite the many challenges Newton
face l ike the angry drivers in heavy traffi c and the danger of r isking his l i fe, he sti ll pulled through
and managed to save the ferret. For me, I now know that whatever challenges come my way in
pursuing my dream career, I should never easily give up and have the courage to overcomes any
challenges that comes my way.

QUESTION REQUIREMENT ANSWER FEEDBACK

An( ONLY ONE) EVENT Well structured

Must DESCRIBE THE EVENT Detailed Textual Evidence
Can relate MANY REASONS Rich Personal Response
PERSONAL RESPONSE | NOVEL : CAPTAIN NOBODY
A very important element that will determine your marks
Maturity and depth of personal response will determine your overall score for Novel section

P.R ESPONSE - CHARACTER FOCUSED REFLECTIVE RESPONSE (

LIFE APPLICATION)

Newton was kind to prepare breakfast for includi

his family. ng
Newton was kind in helping his friend causin KINDNESS & HELPING OTHERS
Cecil at the dumpster, JJ at the Jewellery g him
store, as well as helping Mr Clay return very
home. bad
Despite being bullied, Newton was still injuries
kind enough in saving Reggie Ratner at from
the water tower. the fall
Newton friends also helped him to at the
prepare a costume for Halloween. water
tower.
COURAGE
Newton was brave to face his own fears
by helping his friends. He put aside his
fears to bravely face the challenge in
front of him.
Newton is also willing to take risk. Only
people with courage will be brave to take
risk. Eg: Climbing up the dumpster, water
tower and running on the highway to help
others.
Newton pull through despite
many challenges faced
Eg: At the highway and on the water tower
FRIENDSHIP & TEAMWORK

Cecil and JJ were always good friends

for Newton and worked well as a team
Cecil and JJ teamed up to help Newton
find a Halloween costume when he almost
gave up to show up for Halloween.
Cecil, JJ and Newton also worked
together and support each other as a RESPONSIBILITY
team during their mission to save
Reggie Ratner at the Water Tower.

Newton took the responsibility of taking

care of the family by preparing breakfast
for his busy parents.
Newton also did his part as a responsible
citizen by walking Mr Clay back home to
his wife. FORGIVENESS
Newton responsibly took care of the ferret
ensuring it is back safely after the disaster
on the busy highway

Newton did not take his friend's request

for help too personally although it put him
into lots of trouble Eg: Jewellery store

Newton still forgave Reggie Ratner

although he put Newton in lots of trouble
We should have empathy in caring W in times of need.
for others We should have the e We need friends and peer support to go
social responsibility to be kind sh through difficult and challenging times in life.
towards members of society. ou There are many ways we can show our
We should not be selfish and ld support eg: listening to their problems,
only think about ourselves. al offering help or even just being there for
People will appreciate those who w team.
help them. We should be in ay Achieving success alone is difficult. Alone we can
solidarity with others and be there s do so little , together we can do so much
for them, helping them when there be
are in need th
er We should always uphold the
e responsibility been given to us and fulfill
for our task dutifully. We should be
We should bravely face our fears by on responsible and take ownership for our
overcoming them by challenging e actions and its consequences.
ourselves in given obstacles. Eg: If we an We should not only think of ourselves but
are shy to speak up, we should try, if ot be responsible our own actions and how it
we are afraid to admitting our mistakes he affects others.
, we should take ownership of our r We should play our role in society to be a
faults. an responsible students/citizen/family member.
d
We should persevere despite
su
challenges and obstacles in life. Be
pp We should never keep and suppress
determined and never give up negative feelings inside because it will
ort
ea make us unhappy.
ch We should always forgive our enemies
ot and those who hurt us to gain inner
he peace and freedom from our hurt and
r sadness.
 Directed Writing
FEATURES
- Uses formal language (Except Informal Letter)
- Straight forward to the point | Direct Writing
- Content Points must be Elaborated to gain marks | 1 (Content) + 1 (Elaboration) = 1 Mark
- Follows a particular format for each type

MARKS
FORMAT - 3 MARKS
CONTENT - 12 MARKS
LANGUAGE - 20 MARKS

TYPES AND FORMATS

ARTICLE SPEECH
PURPOSE | To share information, reportPURPOSE
on findings
| To share information, advice, raise awareness

derlined) Introduction & Ending Writer/Contributor'sFORMAT

Name
Greet the audience Introduce the Topic
Thank & Conclude(Ending)

Title
--------Greetings----------
By : Writers Name
-----In conjunction----------
-Purpose/ Title of the Speech--
-Introduction-----

---Ending/Closing Note-----
---Hope/Wish/Advice-----
---Thank the audience-----
--Ending------
REPORT
PURPOSE | To report on a event, news, clubs/society report, police report

FORMAT
To : Recipient (Short Address) Date :
Title:
Reported by

To : Recipient (Short Address)

Date : Title :

Reported by
(Signature)

NAME
POSITION
 Title

Place, Date -

Reported by
NAME
FORMAL LETTER INFORMAL LETTER
PURPOSE | To apply, request, invite, inquire, complain
PURPOSE | Share experiences, suggest, advise, invite

FORMAT FORMAT
Senders Address Recipient Address Date Senders Address Date
Salutation [Dear Sir/Madam] Title(Underlined) Salutation (Dear)
Sign Off Introduction & Closing Sign Off
Signature, Name, Position Signature, Name

Sender's Address
Sender's Address

Recipient's Address

Date Dear ...........

Dear Sir/Madam
Greetings
Title

Introduction
With reference to the matter above,

2. Content 1

3. Content 2

Closing

3. Content 3

Best Regards,
Thank you

Yours Faithfully,
Reported by
(Signature)
(Signature)
NAME
NAME
POSITION
 INFORMAL LETTER
PURPOSE | Share experiences, suggest, advise, invite

WRITING TECHNIQUES

INFORMAL FORMAT
Senders Address Date
Salutation (Dear)
LETTER Introduction & Closing Sign Off
Signature, Name
TIPS
Use expressions to show personal
connection
I ' ve be dying to hear from you.
I t' s been ages since I last heard from you.

Sender's Address
Use Punctuation to show emotions
I ' m so excited to hear from you!!
How have you been?

Use contractions to show

friendly/casual/informal language
I ' m so excited to hear from you!!
I ' ll let you know when we can meet. Dear ...........
Let' s plan for a meet up soon.

Greetings

Closing

Best Regards,

(Signature)
NAME
a letter from a former classmate studying at a
s stressed out in facing the upcoming SPM exams. Write her a letter advising her some strategies to prepare for the exam

ration Tips
Block C 19-01, D'Ambience Residences,
ent sleep Create a timetable Organise a study space Eliminate Distrations Jalan Permas Jaya 2, Permas Jaya
ven Content Points Your Own Point
oint 81750, Masai
Johor Bahru
Johor
MALAYSIA
24 February 2021
Dear
Juliane,

How have you been? It's been ages since I heard from you ! In your last letter you mentioned
you're pretty stressed out for the upcoming exams. I totally feel you ! it's just so annoying that our
exams are being postponed time after time and trust me, I feel just the same way too! Anyway, rest
assured with some helpful strategies, I'm sure we'll ace this exam confidently and here are few tips
!

First of all, make sure you have sufficient sleep. Normally, teenagers like us should get at least six to
eight hours of sleep per night. I know you like studying till late night but this rest is crucial so we are
mentally focused and alert during revisions and exam preparations. Next, do you even have a schedule
or timetable ? Creating a timetable and following through will help you to stay organised and
productive throughout the day, This way, we can say goodbye to previous episodes of procrastination!!

I would also suggest that you organise a dedicated study space at home. This will help you feel
motivated and remain focus when you have a personal space to revise for all the subjects. By the
way, here is another one my teacher suggested ! Try to eliminate as many distractions as
far as possible. I'm really sure for the most of us it's our social media accounts. So for the time being, let's
temporarily disable Instagram and Facebook accounts for our good own. It may be hard, but I'm sure you will
thank me later for this since it's really working well for me so far.

Before I forget, remember to also stay hydrated. Water is important to keep us alert and avoid us from
feeling groggy all day. This tip would really help in staying productive during revision sessions. Lastly, take full
advantage of study groups. Sometimes, revising this way is a whole lot faster and effective. Ask your
friends for help on topics you are weak in. You can even text me or ring me up whenever you plan to revise
together.

Well, I guess that would be all from me. Let's continue to support each other especially during these
times. I really hope we'll do well in this upcoming exam and pass with flying colours. Feel free to reach out
to me if you need to Juliane ! Till then, take care and all the best for your exams.

Your friend,

Take note of the following

Joshua Jerome Robert
Contractions are used in informal writing = I'll, Let's I'm
Informal expressions are use = I'm sure..Do you even...I know you..
Informal language sounds more personal, expressive and conveys emotion. I totally feel you!
U SEFUL P HRASES (INFORMAL LETTER

G REETING
•l Dear J He o I Hi' _ _ . (3 )

I NITR.ODUCTito N
• l 1es great to ltear umm you. I Many thanks for your e-mai I etter.
•l Soirry it's taken me so long to v1rnite b ack. I haven t tten forages but _ _ _
• ll 1 ve been relly busy recently _ ·J v ou ve to mow that lrve beern working real y ham.
• lHow are you? I How are things {with you)? I Hows it going? I Hows lif e? 1

•l I hope you re 1ii rTtre. / I hope you and your farni l]y are we1I _ J I do Illope this e-
mail l etter wilI ffi rnd
you in goo d ltealrtllt and pj r ts.
•l J u st thou ght r d drop you a l ne_
R E F E RRllNG TiO G OOD I B AD NEWS
•l Glad J sorry to 11te ar I r e ad abou t _ _ _
•l 1 m reaJly glad J' very lltt1ppy to hear J' r et1d about _ _ _
•l 1•m extremely sorry I very sad to hear l read about _ _ _

M OVING THE TOPIC ON

•l By tlte wayl have you heard about _ _ _ J Di d you hear about _ _ _ I Te I me about _ _ _
•l Oh, anot er th nt$J I \,.ranted to men ion _ _ _ I So yiou 'Han t my advi e about _ _ _
•l Anyway:! the reason m \Vr i:tirng _ _ _ I Anyway I wa.s won der ng _ _ _
•l I th ou ght l"d wriite to te11 J ast you _ _ _

E N D NG
•l Well p time to
to dos.el I Got to go nowl / Ive got to eave off now I That1s a f or now.
g,o
•l L oot ing foMatrd to Im earing from you_ / Hope to hear from yot1 soon_
l W,rjte back soonl
•l Make su,re you wrjte soon I Keep in touclThl / Drop me a lime il you ll av, e t [ me
•l T ake care ofi y ou rselfI Look after yourse fJI
•l L et me know, if you need a111ryllli11g_ I Just give me a ca11 i1f you have a11y quest&on5 lefl.

SUl N- OlFF
•l Y ours{J · v our friend(.) J
) J
"
• l Be s t v.rnshes(:!) I AH t itle best(J )
•l Hugs(1.) I H u gs and kisses(J )
• l L overL) / lots of love(.) I AH my love( )
•l T a ke care(1.) f Bye for now(J )
WRITING TECHNIQUES FORMAL LETTER
PURPOSE | To apply, request, invite, inquire, complain
FORMAL LETTER
TIPS
FORMAT
Use formal language Senders Address Recipient Address Date
About = Regarding Salutation [Dear Sir/Madam] Title(Underlined)
Tell = inform Sign Off
Signature, Name, Position
Be Straight to the Point
Provide Points > Elaboration >
Examples

Be Polite Sender's Address

Tone is Professional not Personal

Includes Letter of
Invitation, Request, Application,
Inquiry, Complaint
Recipient's Address

Date

Dear Sir/Madam

Title

Introduction
With reference to the matter above,

2. Content 1

3. Content 2

3. Content 3

Thank you

Yours Faithfully,
Reported by
(Signature)

NAME
POSITION
Helpful Formal Phrases

Phrases for lntr, odu ction

• I a.mwriting this letter...
...to seek per.m i ssion for ...
...to complain about....
...to inquire about...
...to request informat ion about...
...to inf orm, you about...
...to apply for...
• I a.ma resident/representatjve of...

Phrases to Express Concern

• I a.m .r JJ.Y.fQ.o_c;:_ rn. g/ gr.rJ Q. about...
• I a.m bothered about...
• I a.m very much disturbed by the fact that...

Phrases to Express Anger/Dissatisfaction

• I a.m d eep:ly saddened by the fact that...
• I a.m co m.p :l et ely unhappy with....
• I a.m utter:ly disappointed w'it h / by ...
• I a.m unimpressed with the fact that...

Phrases to Give Suggestio,n

• Jn..9..rfl., X.19.. resolve this matter, I suggest th at...
• I wou Id be gratefuI if you couId...
• I wouId appreciate it if you couId...
• Could you possibly...
• I wander if you couId...
• I strongly recommend that...
• I beHeve the best course of action is to ....
• I wou Id advise you to ...
• You need to consider to ...
• 'it wou]d be a good idea for you to {pay attention to)...

Phrases for Ending

• Thank you for your time and cooperation/consideration.
• Thank you for taking the tjme to read my letter.
• I look forward to receiving reply fro:m you ..
• I hope swjft actjon{s) w'i 11 be taken immedi'at ely ..
 DIRECTED: FORMAL LETTER: Letter of Complaint

Raju a/l Lingam,

123 A, Lorong Bahagia,
Taman Sentosa,
07231 Bandar Baru Sentol,
Kelantan
_________________________________________________________________________

The President,
Bandar Baru Sentol Council,
Kompleks Utama,
07200 Bandar Baru Sentol 16 JUNE 2011

Dear Sir,

Uncollected Rubbish and Clogged Drains

I am writing this letter is to attract your attention to the above title. As the representative of the
community, I am calling to tell you that the 300 odd residents living in Taman Sentosa are extremely
unhappy about the lackadaisical attitude of the local town council towards the uncollected rubbish
and clogged drains in our area.

2. The rubbish in our area has not been collected for more than a week. The rubbish is supposed
to be collected on alternate days but this has not been the case. The town council workers collect the
rubbish according to their own whims and fancies. The uncollected garbage has attracted not only flies
and mosquitoes but also wild dogs which had attacked the residents on several occasions. These stray
animals also scatter the rubbish and make the roads dirty and smelly. As a result, residents have to
bear the discomfort of stench from the garbage and risk their health.

3. We are also disappointed with the town council workers for not clearing the clogged drains
which are filled with rubbish. The drains would usually overflow when there is heavy rain and the
rubbish would then flow into the compounds of our houses. Besides, putting up with the unbearable
stench emitted from them, the residents have to spend hours cleaning their compounds of rotten
vegetables, food leftovers and other rubbish.

4. Due to dengue outbreak recently, we are really concerned about the residents’ health especially
the children. Fogging service also was not done accordingly to the schedule. The fogging authority only
did their job whenever a case of dengue aroused. They even fogging the neighbourhood late at night
that caused us to leave the residents. They need to consider the residents who have babies and also to
those who need to wake up early in the morning for work. The fogging also caused the people to have
breathing problem when we were not told the exact time of fogging.

5. We have made numerous appeals to the Municipal Council to look into our complaints but to no
avail. We have been putting up with this predicament for more than a week. We hope the health
authorities would do something to check these health hazards.
Thank you.

Yours faithfully,

(RAJU a/l MANIAM)

Community Representative
 DIRECTED: FORMAL LETTER: Letter of Application
Chong Mei Lin,
40, Jalan Templer,
Taman Hati
Bersih, 76 000
Seremban,
Negeri Sembilan
______________________________________________________________________

The Manager,
Lim and Sons Manufacturing Sdn.
Bhd., Lot 123, Interstate Industrial
Area,
76 001 Nilai,
Negeri Sembilan 18 JULY 2010

Dear Sir / Madam,

Application for the Post of Accounts Assistant

I wish to apply for the post of Accounts Assistant as advertised in The New Strait Times
dated 15th July 2011.

2. I have the necessary qualifications as stated in my curriculum vitae which is attached

to this letter. I have experience working in both food manufacturing and also auto
manufacturing fields. I am currently working in Lazat Ice Cream Sdn. Bhd. in capacity of an
Accounts Assistant and have been here since January 2008. Before this, I was working in
TFR Auto Enterprise as an Accounts clerk. Since my present position offers little prospect for
career advancement, I would like to be attached to a fairly large organisation such as yours.

3. I would like to work in Nilai as I intend to further my studies and get professional
qualification. I have registered with a college in Nilai to do ACCA on part-time basis. With
this high additional education level and knowledge, I can perform better in applying the
accounts knowledge in the future job.

4. I can assure you that I am capable person who can work independently. I am able to
handle full sets of accounts, up to three sets at a time. I am interested in working with a
company like yours as I feel I can grow well with the company. I am a team player, adapt
easily to any working environments and can work with people from all works of life.

5. I was active in extra-curricular activities and was considered as responsible and

dedicated worker. I led and organised many activities for the school clubs so I am confident
that I can be an asset to your company in this capacity. Furthermore, i have a good command
of English.

6. In view of my qualification and experience, I would expect a salary more than RM 2

000. And since I have my own car, I would have no problems travelling outstation should the
job require.

7. I look forward to hearing from you and I am fully prepared to attend an interview at
any time convenient to you.
Thank you.

Yours faithfully,

Raju
(RAJU a/l MANIAM)
WRI T I NG T E C H N I Q UES

SPEECH SPEECH
T I PS
PURPOSE | To share information, advice, raise awareness
Greet Your Audience
Good morning, Good day

Introduce Yourself and the Topic I am

_____ and in conjunction FORMAT
with_____ I will be sharing about Greet the audience Introduce the Topic
Thank & Conclude(Ending)
Give Points + Examples
Purpose is to inform and share
knowledge/awareness

End well & Thank your audience

--------Greetings----------
That will be all for now, thank
-----In conjunction----------
you for lending your ears...
-Purpose/ Title of the Speech--
Hope and Wishes
I hope the information share was
useful to all of you ..

---Ending/Closing Note-----
Your school is having a month-long ‘A Healthy Body Campaign’. As President of the Health
Club of your school, you decide to give a speech on the ‘Tak nak Campaign’ recently
launched by the government.

Tak Nak Campaign

A very good morning to our dear Principal, Mr. Hasnan bin Jaafar, teachers
and students.

Recently, our former Prime Minister, Tun Abdullah Ahmad Badawi launched an anti-
smoking campaign called “Tak Nak”. You can now see this short and rhyming catch phrase
“Tak Nak” everywhere – on billboards, posters, TV ads, and sometimes I even hear it on
the radio. Though some people have criticised our government for setting aside a
staggering sum of RM100 million over 6 years for the campaign, it is nothing compared to
the huge amounts that tobacco companies spend to promote smoking.

But in this war against smoking, money definitely talks; it is necessary for the Tak
Nak Campaign to constanly remind us of the hazard of smoking because about 50
Malaysian teenagers light up for the first time every day. In fact, some of these youth
progress steadily from this to regular use, with addiction raking hold within a few years.
And this is despite the warning on every pack of cigarettes that states unequivocally
“Smoking is dangerous to your health”.

What can the Tak Nak Campaign do to combat this? Their aggressive advertising
creates media awareness among the public, especially among the fashionable young
crowd, that smokers have yellowed teeth and suffer from shortness of breath and tells
them that it is not cool to smoke. It is also not responsible of them to affect non-smokers
with second-hand smoke.

Also, there is a succession of infomercials on TV and in the papers showing the

debilitating effects of tobacco addiction on the body and gruesome statistics of smoke-
related deaths. We are now familiar with the graphic pictures of damaged lungs on
billboards which should scare people into not smoking. This works, as I know some of my
friends are quitting now, or trying to reduce the number of cigarettes they smoke per week.

However, I feel any anti-smoking campaign is more effective if other people and
organisations are actively involved too. Yes, the first step has been taken by the top, but
sad to say, many of our politicians smoke themselves. Nearer to home, so do some of
our parents and teachers.

These adults have to be good role models by not smoking themselves. If they do
smoke, they should tell their children and students that they regret that they ever started,
and then take steps to quit smoking as soon as possible. They must practise what they
preach.
On a more positive note, I commend the Malaysia Amateur Athletic Union for its zero-
tolerance of smoking because they know that smoking and health just do not mix. How can
our sportsmen excel if they cannot stop smoking.

Dear teachers and students, thank you for your attention. Let me end my speech
by reiterating that smoking is a bad habit, so make Tak Nak your mantra. If you have
started smoking, say Tak Nak and quit! And if you haven’t started smoking, say know that
smoking not only damages your health but you are also literally burning your money.
WRI T I NG T E C H N I Q UES
ARTICLE
ARTICLE PURPOSE | To share information, report on findings
T I PS

Purpose is to Inform and Provide

Information
FORMAT
Good morning, Good day
Title (Underlined) Introduction & Ending Writer/Contributor's Na
Write in formal & factual
language

Give Points + Examples

Purpose is to inform and share
knowledge Title
By : Writers Name
Remember to Write down the Title
& Contributors( Writers) Name

-Introduction-----

--Ending------
ARTICLE: Article for School Magazine / Newsletter
In spite of government’s clear call to students to study English well, many students still show very little
interest in studying the language. As Chairperson of the English Language Society, you are going to try to
persuade the students to study the language by writing an article in the school newsletter. In the article you
have to tell the students the importance of studying the language. Your article is given in the point form
below:
will help you to further your
studies will help you to get a job
will help you in your job
will help you in your
travels
will help you to enjoy many interesting programmes in television
will help you to appreciate many of the world’s most beautiful literary works

The Importance of Studying English

By : Raju A/L Ravi

It is a big concerned for teenagers nowadays as they are unaware of the

importance of English language as they tend to ignore to learn the language. Students’
attitude towards the language is also crucial to make sure that these teenagers can
face the future world better by learning English language as it is an international
language.
Although the government has repeatedly told us of the importance of English,
many students are still not bothered about studying it seriously. There is also a campaign
that still on to make all the Malaysian becomes a better English learner, which is
‘Enhance Proficiency in Bahasa Malaysia, Strengthen the English’. English is the most
important and the most useful language in the world today. There are many reasons why
you should study the language properly.
First and foremost, English will definitely help you a lot when you want to further
studies. Almost all books at university are written in English in all subjects. Plus, it is a
compulsory for any candidate to pass English with credit before entering any
universities. So, if you are poor in English, you will blow you chance for better
education or worse, you are going to have a big problem studying at university.
The second reason why you have to study English well is that it will help you to
get a job. When you go for a job interview, the interviewer will surely talk to you in
English. The first impression you should give in order to success and have the job is, to
respond in English fluently. Your chances of getting the job are very slim if you stutter
while interviewing.
A good command in of English will also help you greatly in your job. If the
company you work is actively involved in international trade, you have to speak to
prospective customers in English. Miscommunication might occur if your English is bad.
And this will put your company at risk and you will likely be dismissed if this happen.
Good English will also help you a lot when you travel. Every country in the world
studies English. Even the roadside stall-holders in China speak fairly good English! At
least some of the people you meet on your travels in other countries can understand
English. The language is certainly practical when you are lost in your trip.
Communication problem will not happen if you can converse well in English. Inevitably,
English is one of the languages used in any airport in the world in making
announcement. Knowing English well, therefore, make travelling overseas easier.
Besides all these, entertainment is one of the major advantages you will
experience if you good in English. You will enjoy television’s best programmes. We
must admit that many of the best programmes are produced by the Americans and
British companies. High self confidence influenced by the programmes will indirect
inculcate in yourself when you are fluent in the language. Quality time is worthily spent if
you understand and enjoy the programmes.
Based from all the above elaboration, I hope that students will see the importance
and realise how importance the language is for their own future. Although it is a second
language in our country, it is now a main language all over the world.
WRI T I NG T E C H N I Q UES
REPORT
REPORT PURPOSE | To report on a event, news, clubs/society report, polic
T I PS

Includes
News Report, School Event
Report, School Magazine Report,
Police FORMAT
Report To : Recipient (Short Address) Date :
Write in formal & factual Title:
language Reported by
Remember to write mostly in the PAST
TENSE ( event has happend)

To : Recipient (Short Address)

Give Points + Examples Date : Title :
Purpose is to inform and share
knowledge

Remember to Write down the Title

& Contributors( Writers) Name

Reported by
(Signature)

NAME
POSITION

NO T E: O NLY SC HO O L REP O RT I
S SHO WN I N T HI S
E XA M P L E
DIRECTED: REPORT – Report to Principal

You are very disappointed by the conditions and services provided by your school canteen. You
decide to write a report to inform your school principal about the poor conditions and services of
the canteen. These would include:
insufficient table and
benches food and drinks not
covered too little food
counters
dirty and clogged drains – smelly
food – expensive and lacks variety
inadequate food – late comers have nothing to buy, to eat
cold food – not fresh
rude canteen workers

To : Mr. Hasnan bin Jalal,The Principal,

Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan
Permata
Date : 24 March 2011
Topic : Report about the School Canteen

I am writing this report is to draw your attention regarding the school canteen.
Many
of the students of Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Permata are unhappy about the
conditions at the school canteen. There were lots of complaints regarding this issue.

Firstly, there are insufficient tables and benches. Our school has a student population
of over 1 000. There is only one period of recess time for all forms. More than 80 per cent of
the students go to the canteen during recess to buy food and drinks. Unfortunately, there
are only about twenty-five tables and fifty benches which can accommodate less than half
the number of students. As a result, many students have to stand while eating.

The food sold at the canteen not only expensive but lacks of variety. The menu is
the same every day. For the past five years, ever since the present canteen management
took over, students go back to the same food.

The hygiene and preparation of food leave a lot to be desired. The food and drinks
are not covered. They way canteen attendants dress speak volume about hygiene. With
their lackadaisical attitude, the food they sell would one way or the other become
contaminated.

My fourth complaint about the canteen pertains to the etiquette of the canteen
workers. They are rude and arrogant. They often shout at students. The students are
always on the receiving end of their bad moods.

We hope that conditions at the canteen will improve. The canteen should provide
better amenities. There should also be a different menu everyday so that students will not
have to taste the same food day in and day out. Cleanliness should be given top priority.

We hope that you will look into our complaints and take steps to remedy the situation.
The students are prepared to boycott the canteen if their complaints go unheeded.

Reported by:
Malik
Malik bin. Mohd Jalil
Student of Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Permata
 Narrative
Writing
GENERAL STRUCTURE

PLOT DIAGRAM

CLIMAX/CONFLICT
HIGHLIGHT OF THE STORY
PROBLEM OF THE STORY

RISING ACTION FALLING ACTION

DESCRIBE CHARACTER EFFECTS OF EVENT
BUILD UP BACKGROUND TURNING POINT

EXPOSITION RESOLUTION
INTRODUCE SETTING CONCLUDE WITH
INTRODUCE CHARACTERS REFLECTIONS
EXPERIENCE
FEELINGS
VALUES
LESSONS LEARNT
Narrative- Descriptive
Writing
WRITING STRATEGIES

Show Don't Tell

TO THE NEW YEAR

Taste See
Using the
Smell Touch
Senses
Feel
Hear
WITHOUT SENSORY DETAILS
I woke up in the morning, the sun was shinning and my
mother was preparing breakfast. She made some taost and
eggs

USING SENSORY DETAILS

I woke up in the morning and felt the heat of the sun through
my open window I heard the sound of plates and glasses
clanking so I knew that it was my mother who was busy
preparing breakfast. I tried to cover myself with the blanket but
the smell of scrambled eggs was too tempting that it lured me
out of bed. As I entered the kitchen, I saw my mother spreading
a thick layer of butter and the scrambled eggs on the freshly
toasted bread. I could not wait to sink my teeth into the hot
toast with the melted butter dripping down the sides. I took a
bite and it tasted just heavenly

WITHOUT SENSORY DETAILS

I woke up in the morning, the sun was shinning and my
mother was preparing breakfast. She made some taost and
eggs

USING SENSORY DETAILS

I sat by the deserted beach and gazed far away at the blue sea.
I could hear the sound of the roaring waves rushing to the shore.
The cold wind was blowing against my cheek. I picked up a
stone which was as cold as ice and threw it as far as I could into
the sea. I was alone so I could not hear those cheerful, excited
voices of children running around on the beach nor could I hear
the birds singing in the trees
 I ti u fl I U. U II El IJ IJ U U U U IJ ll ll U Ill IL U U U U. D U U 11 1i ll l EJl ll U U It ll: ll U O lL U _ i . .i1 U !I U I U U I ·.U U D I I ;
U U. I.
--

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BriQn purse h,& lips. and

clenched his fi5ts into t i .· t He started to yell
ba\\s. Tr as
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himse f.W it\\insecond ha
erupted
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A \9ontic fin spreadacross ·· a,\ey was
BQ\ _e 's +ace, and her eyes ht happy.
up
hke t e s on the i'1 ot Ju\ .
t -o _ <ln., h \ ersel . e e\
Q as ke.d
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e· - J F,•- • M I I 5 .. o """e c ·i ·n -
I

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as exc teJ.
9,11\ b rint.e oa ss OP\ 10 see r dad
. u ,nto 1115 or . S, G a ---·- 1ed
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I
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Sentence Structures
GENERAL STRUCTURE

Simple Sentences
Subject + Verb + Object
He plays football during the evenings.

Enhanced Sentences
Subject + Adverb + Adjective
+ Verb + Object
He excitedly plays the football even during
the cloudy evenings.

Complex Sentences
Subject + Verb + Object +
Subject + Verb + Object
He excitedly plays football even during
cloudy evenings as it has always been his
passion to be a renowned international
football player.
CONTINUOUS: NARRATIVE WRITING: With an ending

Write a story ending with “... En. Nizam was grateful he had such good
neighbours.”

Not even in his wildest dream did En. Nizam think he would lose so
much in such a short time. It had been a trying period. When he got word that
his father was on his death bed, En. Nizam’s family rushed to his hometown.
Even before the funeral rites were over, he received a call from his immediate
neighbour that his house was partly destroyed by fire and that the cause of the
fire was believed to be arson.

Members of En. Nizam’s immediate family and his relatives were in

state of disarray. First, it was the death of an elder member of a family, then
this misfortune. Although En. Nizam was worried, deep in his heart he knew
that he had very good neighbours, friends who would stand by him in good
times and bad.

Sure enough, the minute he set foot in the compound of his house, he
knew he was right. His neighbours, Mr. Subra and En. Majid, were there taking a
close watch on the house. He learnt from them that the neighbours had been
taking turns to keep an all-day vigil on the house. He thanked them from the
bottom of his heart.

After inspecting the damage caused by the fire, En. Majid handed
donations collected by the residents living in the area. His neighbours had
passed the hat around and the donations came up to a significant amount.
Although, the donations was still short of the amount required to repair the
damages, en. Nazim was grateful.

The next day, En. Nazim was even more overwhelmed by the care and
concern shown by his neighbours. They were there to extend their condolences
and to show their support. Donations came pouring in. The women folk were
busy preparing all the meals for the family.

With the help of his neighbours, En. Nizam got a building contractor to
repair the damaged sections of the house. The repair and renovations took
almost a week to complete. When the house was ready, the neighbour turned
up in full force to congratulate him.

Tears welled up in E. Nizam’s eyes. He was at a loss for words. En. Nizam
was grateful he had such good neighbours.

367 words
 Enjoyable Astonishing Excellent Amused
Lovely Awesome Amazing Bright
Pleasing Fabulous Wonderful Charmed
Amiabl Fantastic Marv,elou Cheerful
e1 s
Charming In.credibl e Exceptional Contented
Kind Fant, ast i c D,elighted
Stupenidous Super Eager
Delightful Wonderful Outstanding Optimi.sti
Pl1easant Unimaginable c

Appetizing Sympathetic Awful Tiny

Tasty Warm - Terrible Petite
hearted
Flavourful Generous Ho rribl
1 Mini
e
Del1ect able Lik Amia erous Affluent
Scrumptious e ble Wel l -h.eel ed
Mouth-watering Consi Fat cat Flush
Yummy derate Loaded (Slang)
Gentl Deep-pocketed
J u·i
,,
cy e
Gr aci
Admire o us
1

Adore Kindhe
Appreciate arted
Cherish
Enjoy
Wealt
F'ancy
hy
Savor
Prosp
 Rotten C1r Little
ummy Naughty Slight
Dreadful Minute Ski
Nasty mp1y
Miniature
Amusing Towering
Comical Huge
Droll Large
Entertaining lmmen.se
Far c· ical Colossal
Gl eeful
1 Giant
Hilarious Massive
Humorous Tremendous
 INTERESTING AMAZING GREAT
• Absorbing • Astonishing • Admirab e • Awesome
• Amiable• Amusing • Awesome • Excellent
• Captivating
• Charming • Breathtal<ing • Exceptional
• Compelling • Brilliant • Congenial • Extraordinary
• Diverting • Extraordinary • Considerate • Incredible
• Engaging • Fabulo·us • Courteous • Magnificent
• Engrossing • Fantastic • Delightful • Marvelous
• Entertaining • Incredible • Enjoyable • Outstanding
• Enthralling • Marvelous • Gracious • Phenomenal
- ,, .,( / A

""·=·/

HAPPY GOOD FUNNY BAD

• Amused • Amazing • Amusing • Awful
• Blissful • Excellent • Comical • Crummy
• Bright • Exceptional • Entertaining • Despicable
• Chal'med • Fantastic • Farcical • Disagreeable
• Cheerful • Marvelous • Gleeful • Disgraceful
• Contented • Outstanding • Goofy • Dr,e a d fu l
• Delighted • Pleasant • Hilarious • Horrible
• Eager • Splendid • Humorous • Lousy
• Enthusiastic • Stupendous • Hysterical • Naughty
RICH
SMALL IMPORTANT SAD
• Little • Decisive • Affluent • Gloomy
• Mini • Essential • Deep-pocketed • Hateful
• Miniatu e • Eventful • Fatcat • Heartbrolcen
• Minute • Extensive • In the money • Heavy
• Petite • Fundamental • Loaded (Slang) • Melancholy
• Sl<impy • Great • Moneyed • Miserable
• Slight • Imperative • Opulent • Mournful
• Teeny-weeny • l{ey • Prosperous • Somber
• Tiny • Major • Wealthy • Sorrowful
 '■
Amazin Nice Happy
• Astonishing • Enjoyable • Excellent • Amused
• Astounding • Pleasurable • Amazing • Blissful
• Awesome • Courteous • Wonderful • Bright
• Fabulous • Lovely • Pleasant • Charmed
• Fantastic • Likable • Marvelous • Cheerful
• Incredible • Pleasing • Exceptional • Contented
• Stupendous • Gracious • Super • Delighted
• Wonderful • Admirable • Outstanding • Ecstatic

Kind Rich
• Generous • Beseech • Wealthy • Adopt
• Amiable • Implore • Prosperous • Appoint
• Considerate • Inquire • Affluent • Cast
• Gentle • Petition • Well-heeled • Elect
• Gracious • Query • Fat cat • Extract
• Benevolent • Question • Loaded • Name
• Kindhearted • Solicit • Well-to-do • Pick
• Congenial • Urge • In the money • Select
-
.. ,.
fI :: •·10
1
..
·.1
.
Funny Important Really
d
---· ----. --

• Ascertain • Amusing • Chief • Absolutely

• Acquire • Comical • Critical • Actually
• Detect • Entertaining • Crucial • Certainly
• Discover • Farcical • Essential • Extremely
• Encounter • Gleeful • Fundamental • Genuinely
• Locate • Good-humoured • Primary • Honestly
• Obtain • Hilarious • Significant • Surely
• Pinpoint • Humorous • Vital • Truly

Make Very Fast

• Assemble • Towering • Absolutely • Accelerated
• Build • Huge • Extremely • Active
• Construct • Large • Exceedingly • Agile
• Create • Great • Genuinely • Brisk
• Devise • Gigantic • Particularly • Nimble
• Forge • Immense • Tremendously • Quick
• Invent • Colossal • Uncommonly • Speedy
• Prepare • Giant • Veritably • Swift
CONTINUOUS | DESCRIPTIVE - Description of a Scene

A Road Accident
Road accidents are reported in newspaper and on television every
day. There are more frequently caused by reckless drivers rather than faulty
vehicles. Last Saturday, while I was travelling from Ipoh, I witnessed a serious
accident.
The scene of the accidents was vivid in my mind.

A motorcyclist was following behind was taxi very closely. He was so

impatient that he was trying to overtake my taxi even near a sharp bend. At
that critical moment, there was an oncoming car. The taxi driver swerved to
the roadside and I got a terrible jolt. It was too late for the motorcyclist to avoid
the car. His motorcycle ran against the bumper of the car and smashed its
windscreen. The motorcyclist somersaulted over the car and was found lying
in a pool of blood. It was a scene to chill the flesh! The car driver, who was cut
by the flying glass, was in a state of shock. All that happened in split second
and fear overwhelmed us.

The taxi driver stopped his taxi and I quickly ran to the nearest to the
nearest telephone booth to inform the police and the hospital. From a distance
I could see some people trying to help the injured motorcyclist and the car
driver. They carried them into one of the onlooker’s car and sent them to the
hospital for treatment. Meanwhile the taxi driver tried to control and directs the
traffic. Soon the police arrived and they promptly took some measurements
and evidence. After that they moved the damaged car and the motorcycle to
the roadside to ease the traffic congestion. They also took down the evidence
provided by witnesses and onlookers. Some sweepers were clearing the
debris and the blood stains on the road.

When the taxi finally continued the journey, I silently thanked God for my
narrow escape. I learned a good lesson that impatience and recklessness
would bring harm and danger. I was happy to see that Malaysians are public-
spirited and they render help to others readily. Since then I remember and
follow the saying ‘more haste less speed’ and ‘prevention is better than cure’. I
believe good road manners and roads safety campaigns can help to reduce
the number of road accidents which cause injuries, loss and lives and
properties.
 FACTUAL WRITING
FEATURES AND PHRASES

Characteristics & Style

- Uses Formal Language
- Written with the purpose to inform or provide information
-Uses passive voice/3rd person voice
-Based solely on facts

Themes for Continuous Writing in SPM 1119 [Focus

Questions] 1.People
2.Values
3.Health
4.Environment
5.Science and
Technology 6.Social
Issues

Writing an Introduction for Factual Essays

- Using General Statements
- Using Factual Statements
- Using Questions

How to Write an Introduction?

- Use CONTEXT = Background Story/Context + Introduce the Topic
Eg :

Recently, the world has been hit by a global pandemic known as Covid-
19.Many students are forced to stay at home to continue their virtual
learning.[CONTEXT] However, there are various benefits of learning
from home and this issue will discuss the advantages of learning from
home [OPENING THE TOPIC]

Writing Paragraphs
Remember to use relevant Logical Connectors
Example: Firstly, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition, Besides
 ..
WRITING IES SAYS
e g:
It is often said hat Many peop e clai '' that
'! n / 4'!

I this day a dl ag e .... / Nowadays ..,.. / These days .....

1

We l i,ve 1n an age when many of us a re . -

... ·s a hotly-de a,ted topic tha·t often divi des opinion. 1

·· s oft:en discussed yet r,a ely understood'!

It goes, without sa·ying that is one of t, he most important ssues facing us today.
• •!

The following essay takes a I ook at both sides . of the argumenti,

.1n rod . n :s:
_ c ng
po1 I

Firstly, let us 'take a ook at i, - I To start with. i,i

First of all, it s wort _ considering .....

MF

Secon·dy,.. Thirdly; u i, ·

Fu. hermore, ..... / ' I n additiont ..... / What is mo• e, ... . / On top of that, ...J
Anot't',er point worth noti'ng is I Another factor to consider is ...
,i,i

Lastly, H•· / Final y, ... / Last b[ut not least ...

p esen ing ideas & g·vi g exa les:

When it co es to noun/ger und.,, ... According to experts,, ...
In terms of noun/geund , ... Research has fo nd that ...
With respect to noun/geru nd, J. ,i ■ T h ere are those who argue that ,i -

Not' onliy ,i,i,i b alsot••io For instanc e For example ... /such as-....
■J •• /

expr ssi gr · u l t & r ·a on: cont

I

ng:
ast1
As a resuI , .... / As a result of --- Although/Even thous h su ject + verb,, ....
as led to .. / ... has resulted i · Despite/In spite of nou /geru nd , -■ ·I · ■

Conseque[ntlyt ..... / foret · Despite the fact t at subject v ribt ....

h ere:
On account of ... I Due to _ On the one hand ... On the othe and _
One rea,son be ind this is However ev ert heless, .. / Eve·n so
8- 1• 1 /

.... N,
cone d. The advantages o outwe·gh
1- ■-■

the disa1d
To sum up, Inconclus·on,
van'tages..
•1o /

.. . All things
considered, -·
Taking everything into conside[r at i o n, ... .
Weighing up both sides of the argument, •..
op n n:
• !I

.As far as I'm concerned, 4U

From my point of view) ....

In my opinion,
1

Persona _ ly speak ng, .••

My own vi'ew on the matter i-s, ■
 GENERAL FRAMEWORK OF WRITING
PARAGRAPHS(FACTUAL)

T O P I CS E N T E N C E (CONTENT
POINT)

SUPPORTING DETAILS
E l a b o r a t i o n +E x a m p l e s

CONSOLIDATION (REAFFIRM)
R e s t a t ea l l p o i n t s
+ Reaffirm Statement

Elaboration and Examples (especially for topics involving Social Issues)

Using
Causes
- This…… is due to
- …….is caused by
-……….is due to the fact that…..
- Another contributing factor of …….is……..

Effects
- This situation/issue/problem will affect…..
- ……..will lead to
-……….brings about
- will contribute towards…….

Solutions
- To overcome this situation,……
- To tackle this problem,
- One of the ways to overcome this situation is…..
- To curb this from getting worse,. .should

Examples
- As an example,
- For instance,
-For example,
- To further illustrate this point,
- In fact, …..
FACTUAL | EXPOSITORY STYLE ESSAY

Social Networking Website

A large number of internet users have joined social networking websites. A social network
service is an online service, platform, or site that focuses on building and reflecting of social
networks or social relations among people. For example is for those who wants to share interests
and, or activities. A social network service essentially consists of a representation of each user
which known often as a profile, his or her social links, and a variety of additional services.

Most social network services are web based and provide means for users to interact over the
internet, such as e-mail and instant messaging. Online community services are sometimes
considered as a social network service. In a broader sense, social network service usually
means an individual- centered service whereas online community services are group-centered.
Social networking sites allow users to share ideas, activities, events, and interests within their
individual networks.

In the last five years, they have been growing up more and more popular. This increase in their
popularity has led to a large number of members.One of the many reasons why Yahoo!, MySpace
and Facebook social networking websites have increased in popularity is due to the fact that they
cover a wide variety of different topics, issues and interest. They do not just focus on one particular
group of individuals or one particular issue. Their policy is to invite as many types of internet users
to join as possible. By this, it gives members a wide selection of online friends to choose from.

If you are looking to join a social networking website that is more focused on creating
friendships or partnerships between internet users preferable with the same interests, then you will
want to focus on social networking websites. They have a particular focus. The prevalent websites
focus on important issues, topics and hobbies, such as pet owners, religion travel and others. So
before you join, think of an issue you are interested in and sign up for the website that focuses on
that issue.

What really sets them apart from other websites? What is so special about them? These are
questions which have been asked by many who show interest in joining. Primarily, it is the
community. As mentioned, such social networking sites tend to focus on a particular topic, issue
or hobby. This means that if you are a keen traveller and you would like to speak to other keen
travellers, you will want to join a traveller’s networking sites.

The difference between these social networking sites and traditional ones is that you will
automatically be paired with hundreds, if not thousands, of other internet users who share the same
interests, views or beliefs as you. This is a big bonus to the members.

Another benefit to joining the social networking website is that you are, in a way, safer than
those who are members of other networks. Most of them require activation before joining the site.
Before activation can occur, many users are required to state their reasons for wanting to join the
network or they may be required to fill out a small questionnaire pertaining to determine whether or
not they have a genuine interest in the topic focused on by the network in question. By pairing you
with a group of individuals who share the same beliefs, views and interests as you do is
advantageous to members. It means that you do not have to spend hours researching a person or
speaking to them just to learn what they are or are not interested in. Therefore, this enables you to
jump right in and start making friends, almost as soon as you are granted access to the site that
you have chosen. This service gives the social networking websites a great edge over other
websites.
 As long as the clock is
ticking you still have time
winning. Do what it does
and keep on moving.
SAM L E V E N S O N

All the Best to All

Candidates
MR J OSHUA J EROME ROBERT

REFERENCES
S P E C I AL T H A N K S T O
https:// 7 esl. com/
http://englishforallsmkbenut. blogspot. com/
https://www. engvid. com/
https://www. schule. at/
https://www. eslbuzz. com/
English Panel Teachers of SMK Seri Kota Puteri
2 Teach for Malaysia