MBS SPA

NAME-Gunjan Choudhary
CLASS-4A
ENROLL NO- 36259301616
 COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE IN INDIA CALCUTTA
Portuguese (1505-1961) | Dutch (1605 – 1825) | British (1615-1947) | French (1759-1954) Victoria Memorial - The Victoria Memorial
(Victoria Memorial Hall) is a large marble
British Colonial Era building in Kolkata (Calcutta), West Bengal,
India which was built between 1906 and 1921.
• The British arrived in 1615 by overthrowing the Mughal It is dedicated to the memory of Queen
empire. Victoria
• Britain reigned India for over three hundred years and their
legacy still remains through building and infrastructure that
populate their former colonies.
• The major cities colonized during this period were Madras,
Calcutta, Bombay, Delhi, Agra, Bankipore, Nagpur, Bhopal and
Hyderabad.

BOMBAY
Gateway of India= The gateway of India is a
monument built during the British raj in
Mumbai. It is located on the water front in
the Apollo Bander area in south Mumbai
Taj Mahal Palace Hotel - The Taj Mahal palace
hotel is a five star hotel located in the Colaba
region of Mumbai Maharashtra India next to
the gate way of India
Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus - The station
building is designed in the High Victorian
Gothic style of architecture. The building
exhibits a fusion of influences from Victorian
Italianate Gothic Revival architecture and
traditional Indian architecture
DELHI
Parliament House - The central hall of the
parliament has been designed to be circular in
shaped the dome is 98 ft (29.87 Meters) in
diameter and is Believed that is one of the most
Magnificent domes in the world
India gate - The gate is build as a special
memorandum for all the soldiers who belongs to
Indian army and to all those who who have gives
their lives lighting for the protection of their
country.
Rashtrapati bhawan - The Rashtrapati Bhavan is the
official residence of the President of India located at
theWestern endof Rajpathin New Delhi.
 Art Deco ART DECO ARCHITECTURE IN :

Art deco or deco, is an influential visual arts design style that first appeared in France after world war i
UNITED STATES
and began flourishing internationally in the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s. the style is often characterized by
Empire States
rich colours, bold geometric shapes and lavish ornamentation. during its heyday, art deco represented
luxury, glamour, exuberance and faith in social and technological progress.

Characteristics
Materials - art deco materials included stucco, concrete, and smooth-faced stone. steel and aluminum
were often used along with glass blocks and decorative opaque plate glass.
Roof - art deco designers adorned flat roofs with parapets, spires, or tower-like constructs to
accentuate a corner or entrance. decorative curiosities such as chimneys were added to further enhance
the design.
Windows - windows usually appear as punctured openings, either square or round. they were often
UNITED KINGDOM
arranged in continuous horizontal bands of glass. wall openings are sometimes filled with decorative
glass or with glass blocks.
Du Cane Court
Entrance - doorways are sometimes surrounded with elaborate pilasters and pediments, and door
surrounds are often embellished
DECO FURNITURE
Art deco design is recognizable because of three main things: distinct geometric shapes, intense, bright
colors that stand out, and a decorative look.

GERMANY
Daily Express Building
 Forts of
Rajasthan
Chittorgarh
Fort
Chittor Fort or Chittorgarh is one of the largest forts in India. It is
a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The fort was the capital of
Mewar and is located in the present-day town of Chittor. The fort
precinct has several historical palaces, gates, temples and two
prominent commemorative towers.
Amer
Fort
Amer Fort or Amber Fort is a fort located in Amer, Rajasthan.
Amer is a town located 11 kms from Jaipur. The town of Amer and
the Amber Fort were originally built by the Meena's, and later it
was ruled by Raja Man Singh I. Located high on a hill, it is the
principal tourist attraction in Jaipur. Amer Fort is known for its
artistic style elements. With its large ramparts and series of gates
and cobbled paths, the fort overlooks Maota Lake.
Nahargarh
Fort
Nahargarh Fort at the tip of Aravali ranges looks massive and giant
with its extending walls. Actually, the fort was built by Maharaja
Sawai Jai Singh II to use it as a summer retreat place and also this
fort walls connected to Jaigarh Fort for easy access. Nahargarh
Fort is the best place to capture the captivating views of Jaipur.
Jaisalmer
Fort
Jaisalmer Fort on the Trikuta hill and close to the mighty Thar
desert is a different and peculiar fort surrounded with a rustic
environment. It is one of the oldest forts in Rajasthan. The fort was
built by Rawal Jaisal and it was completely built with yellow
sandstone. That’s why the fort was familiarly known as “Sonar
Quila” or “Golden Fort”.
 Nathmalji Ki Haveli
Introduction
• Jaisalmer in Rajasthan bears relics to the rich architectural
splendor of the ancienttimes.
• A unique feature of the marvelous architectural monument
of Nathmalji-ki-Haveli is the giant structure of two elephants
of yellow sand stone at the main entrance of the beautiful
edifice.
• Two brothers named Hathi and Lulu were sanctioned to build
the haveli for Diwan Mohata Nathmal,with the responsibility
of the construction of this magnificent haveli.
• They started building the haveli simultaneously with each
brother concentrating on one side of the haveli. The result of Notice the difference in the pattern of grill,the
building it simultaneously showed up with different left and pillars, and the designandshape of the tiny
right sides when work was completed. windows.

Building form
• The entire building is of unequal heights with wind pavilions and high
parapet
walls , creating an uneven skyline and shading in the process.
• At the second level they have a number of projections like sunshades
and balconies.
• At the lowest levels, the flats parts of the building façadeare deeply carved
creating finned surface.
• Uneven building forms also influences radiative heat loss from walls.
• Also increased wall area of the uneven building mass radiates a greater
amount of heat to the sky and consequently stays cooler than a more
Section compactmass.
 Hoysala Temples
The Hoysala dynasty extended from a region extending from Mamallapuram and Kanchipuram in the East to Kerala in the West.
In 1117, the Hoysala king Bittideva founded the Chennakeshava temple at Belur to celebrate his victory over the Cholas of Thanjavur.
About the same time, the Hoyasaleshwara temple was built at Halebid. The construction of the Keshava temple at Somnathpur marked
the culmination of the Hoysala style.

The various parts of the Hoysala temple exhibits a spatial unity which is also seen at Khajuraho. The
temple is no longer a series of units ardhamandapa, mandapa, shikhara but an organic whole.
The Chennakeshava temple is on a high platform with star shaped re-entrants and projections in the wide
terrace around the temple which is for circumambulation, the plan is a double cruciform structure.
The mandapa has three entrances and the fourth connection to the garbagriha, with forty-six columns.
The external wall of the mandapa is finished with jalis which were installed fifty years after its completion,
in the reign of Balalla-II.
The exterior of the temple all around when seen from the pradakshina is a sculptures and relief workers
intense form of carving, the zig-zag outline presenting a greater surface area to the sculptor and for relief
work.
The garbhagriha is preceded by a vestibule with four columns with sukanasa above it.
The tower (the shikhara) and the mandapa roof are missing ; they were demolished in 1880, probably so
that their beautiful dark metamorphic schist may be reused.

The great Hoysaleshwara temple dedicated to Lord Shiva at Halebid is a double building combining two
juxtaposed cruciform structures; as is evident from plan they communicate on a transverse axis through the
mandapas, so that one can directly move between them. In the mandapa the space between the peripheral
columns has been closed off with stone slabs, while there are ten internal columns around the four much larger
ones at the centre, the latter define a circular area reserved for dance performances.
VijayNagara Architecture
• Location -Hampi on the banks of Tungabhadra river

• Buildingmaterial was available on the siteaccounts for many piers

of the temple being monolithic Pillars
• Two types of rock was available- granite ,dark green chlorite stone

• Most of the important structures and ruins of Vijayanagara are

located in two -the Royal Centre and the Sacred Centre

Vitthalaswami Temple
The 16th century temple is dedicated to Vitthala, a form of Vishnu.

Stone Chariot Monkey Kings Kalyana Mandapa

The stone chariot is The monkey kings appear to be arm- The Kalyana Mandapa, or
a Garuda shrine which faces west wrestling. Perhaps this pair represents Vali "Marriage Hall", was used for
towards Vishnu's temple (plan). and Sugriva. When Vali, king of the monkeys, ceremonies involving the
Garuda is the mount of Vishnu, exiled his brother Sugriva from the kingdom, symbolic marriage of the temple's
and as usual the mount faces the the faithful Hanuman follo wed his friend into divinity to his consort.
god. exile.
Royal Enclosure – Hazara Rama Temple
• Situated in the middle of the Royal Centre, this religious monument was used as a private chapel by the Vijayanagara
rulers and their private family members.
• A smaller version on the Great Vittal temple in the Sacred eclosure.

• The main temple is approached through an open mandapa and to a assemble hall. • There are other entraces to this
assembly hall, one on each side and each provided with a porch. • At the far end of the hall is the door to the santum
sanctorum. • The sikhara consists of regular grouping of replicas of itself in three tiers surrounded by a cupola(50 feet
in height).
• The main building is remarkable for its vimana , with its lower story of stone and its pyramidal sikhara of brick rising
above.

Assembly Hall Shrine Exterior North Shrine

The brick tower of the shrine has
been incompletely restored, which
accounts for the unfinished look of
its upper roof.
The brick tower of the shrine This smaller shrine is located north
has been incompletely and east of the main temple.
restored, which accounts for
the unfinished look of its
upper roof.