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Qaiser Iqbal
CC604615
Foundations of Education (0831)
Autumn, 2020
M.Ed.
Semester Terminal Exam Autumn
2020.

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Semester Terminal Exam Autumn 2020

QUESTION 1
Explain the significance of each source of knowledge by giving examples. Discuss the contribution
of philosophical, psychological and socio-economic foundation of education for an ideal system of
education
ANSWER

SOURCE OF KNOWLEDGE
For its healthy life, the human body requires nutritious nourishment. For their healthy and
brilliant functioning, the human mind needs nutritious nourishment. Knowledge is therefore
regarded the nourishment of the mind
There are four sorts of knowledge.
 The first is intuition which is when you utilize what you believe to be the correct
solution.
EXAMPLE:
.According to healthcare researchers, skilled dentists frequently depend on intuition to make com
plicated, time-bound choices. 
Choices are made fast and are frequently superior to those based on clear facts and rational reaso
ning since they are based on many years of deeply stored information.
 The second sort of knowledge is authority, which may be obtained from a professional
who understands the subject matter.
EXAMPLE:
.One of the most prevalent ways to acquire knowledge is through authority. This technique entails ado
pting new ideas just because an authority source says they are true. 
Parents, the media, physicians, priests and other religious authorities, the government, and profes
sors are among these authority.
 Rational induction is the third type of knowledge, in which you absorb prior
information and create new knowledge from it.
EXAMPLE:
As an example: Ducks have always visited our pond in the past. As a result, the ducks will visit
our pond this summer. These forms of inductive reasoning are used in debates as well as when
developing a hypothesis in mathematics or science.
 The next form of knowledge is empirical knowledge, which is the only type of
knowledge that may be used in current scientific psychology study.
EXAMPLE:

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For example, "all things fall down" is an empirical statement about gravity that many of us feel
we understand; hence, we view it as an example of empirical knowledge.

The contribution of philosophical,

psychological and socio-economic foundation
of education
 THE CONTRIBUTION OF PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATION OF
EDUCATION
The philosophical underpinning of curriculum influences both the driving goal of education and
the responsibilities of the many participants. While all foundations provide educational goals,
philosophy presents the way of thought that leads to those goals. One's guiding ideology dictates
whether education should focus on developing the individual or enforcing social standards.
The science that tries to describe and understand, as well as modify, the behavior of man and
other animals.” Education also entails a shift in an individual's behavior. As a result, education
and psychology are as inextricably linked as two sides of a coin. A teacher cannot educate a child
in the real sense unless he understands his psyche.
In all of this, one's ideology determines the role of the teacher, which may range from all-
knowing authoritarian to mentor, and the role of the student, which can range from obedient
vacuous vessel to an individual worthy of actively participating in one's own educational process.

 THE CONTRIBUTION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL FOUNDATION OF

EDUCATION
Psychology is the most essential educational foundation. It is crucial in the process of teaching
and learning. Educational psychology refers to psychology that is utilized primarily in education.
We may argue that psychology and education are inextricably linked. Education shapes behavior,
but psychology studies how, when, and why these behaviors are shaped.
One major goal of education is to provide people with a complete and balanced growth, as well
as the wisdom to live properly. Education can be regarded vocational in the sense that it prepares
young people for their calling in life in all of its dimensions, so that what they learn provides real
structure and direction to their path. The pursuit of greatness at Scots is a pursuit of human
excellence in all of its facets.
Thus, Educational Psychology is a field of psychological that works with the application of
general psychology concepts to educational difficulties. To put it another way, ‘educational
psychology' is the application of knowledge to educational issues.

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 THE CONTRIBUTION OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC FOUNDATION OF

EDUCATION
Inquiry into the Social Foundations helps students enhance their abilities to evaluate, analyses,
and explain educational challenges, policies, and practices in order to improve education.
Education plays a significant role in the formation of a society's human capital and thus provides
a solid foundation for the country's socioeconomic development by increasing the efficiency and
productivity of individual members and transforming them into skilled labor, ensuring a
sustainable economy.

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QUESTION 2
To what extent you are satisfied with the aims of education of our country? Discuss the influence of
these aims on the historical development of education in Pakistan and explain briefly different trends
in education evident in Pakistan now a days.

ANSWER

QUESTION 3
What is the difference between charismatic leadership and participative leadership discuss in detail
ANSWER

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